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Hydrologic Responses To Land Use/Land Cover Change In The Kesem Watershed, Awash Basin, Ethiopia
Hydrologic Responses To Land Use/Land Cover Change In The Kesem Watershed, Awash Basin, Ethiopia
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The main objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of land use/Land cover change impacts on streamflow availability in The Kesem Watershed, Awash basin, Ethiopia. Two methodological approaches were employed to achive the objective. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to quantify the changes using two time period land use maps. Moreover, Mann-Kendall (MK) statistical test was used to detect the monotonic trends if exists in the time series of the measured and simulated streamflow. Land use change detection was done using remote sensing techniques and the maps were processed using ERDAS Imagine 2014 …
Stochastic Variate Difference Approach For Water Level Discharge Data Sets At Mantralayam Of Andhra Pradesh Of India
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The stochastic variate difference method generates downscaled data in the hydrology and engineering seasonal periods. The new method is developed in the stochastic linear fitted values to fit a straight line to observed data. The paper explains in detail the standard measures such as mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis of the downscaling data in hydrology. The new model - MLE by Gaussian distribution - is a method that was used to find the values to best fit the data sets. Water is one of the sensitive environmental parameters of the hydrological processes. Therefore, the study of water resources exploitation …
The Use Of Hydrochemical And Environmental Isotopes In Analysis Of Hydrogeological Systems Of Abaya - Chamo Lakes Basin
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Hydrochemical and environmental isotope (2H,18O) data of different waters in relation to geologic units and tectonics are used to characterize the different hydrogeological systems, spatial variation of water types, sources and mechanism of recharge and groundwater flow systems in aquifers. The area is tectonically active volcanic terrain of three physiographic regions (rift, escarpment and highland) having large topographic differences ranging in elevation form 1,180 to over 4,000masl. In the rift valley, there are geothermal fields. There is strong spatial hydrochemical variation between the rift and highlands in identifying four major groups of water types evolving from Ca-HCO3 at highlands to …
Comparison Of Different Base Flow Separation Methods And Drought Vulnerability In A Rift Valley Area
Comparison Of Different Base Flow Separation Methods And Drought Vulnerability In A Rift Valley Area
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Estimation of groundwater recharge and drought vulnerability assessment was done by comparing Recursive Digital Filtering (TIMESPLOT) and Graphical Hydrograph Separation (HYSEP) methods. In both methods, long term daily stream flow data (1991 - 2003) was used from seven river discharge gauging stations in three physiographic settings (rift, escarpment and highland) and corresponding variable climatic conditions. The results from both methods have similar trend and show general agreement on annual basis with a correlation coefficient of 0.994. Moreover, long-term rainfall-discharge relationship of the sub-basin shows 0.75 correlation. The long term annual weighted catchment recharges are 94.9 mm and 111.9 mm for …
Georeferenced Video Mapping To Classify Streambank Erosion Susceptibility
Georeferenced Video Mapping To Classify Streambank Erosion Susceptibility
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Boat-mounted, georeferenced videos were used to develop a method to rapidly document streambank conditions and assess erosion susceptibility over long stream segments. Traditional streambank survey methods are often spatially limited, time-consuming, and expensive. A novel Streambank Video Mapping System (SVMS) comprised of a GPS receiver, two streambank-facing video cameras, and thalweg depth sensor gathered continuous georeferenced data on both streambanks in a single pass. A modification of the commonly applied Bank Erosion Hazard Index was used to classify streambank conditions. The modified index, named the Bank Erosion Susceptibility Index (BESI), was derived from a combination of the variables including bank …
Study On Impact Assessment Of Climate Change On Watershed Using Hydrological Model (Swat)
Study On Impact Assessment Of Climate Change On Watershed Using Hydrological Model (Swat)
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Water being most basic necessity for sustainability of the life on globe due to intensification in the population the distribution and sharing of water resources have become added problematical issue. With the intensification of water demand due to industrialization, agricultural practices and domestic need it is important to manage the water resources in an optimum way. With this viewpoint, hydrological modeling shows vital part which can performance as a significant tool for the assessment of water at the basin scale. In the present study, the Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) have been adopted in assessing the climate change on …
Evaluating Effects Of Conservation Practices Using Nonpoint Source Pollution Models – A Review
Evaluating Effects Of Conservation Practices Using Nonpoint Source Pollution Models – A Review
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution models have shown promise in evaluating effects of conservation practices (CP) before these practices can be implemented in the field. An increasing trend has been noted in use of NPS pollution models for assessing effectiveness of CPs. The increase in use of NPS pollution models necessitates their continuous development and improvement. Model improvements will help assess water quality impacts of CPs more accurately. Apart from assessing effectiveness of different CPs, models can also help in identifying suitable location for targeting CPs in a watershed. However, there are challenges associated with modeling CPs such as selecting the …
Remote Sensing And Gis Based Morphometric Analysis For Three Sub-Watersheds Of Manair River Basin In Telangana, India
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The quantitative analysis of the watershed is vital to understand the hydrological structure of any topography. The present study deals with quantitative assessment of Manair Basin, Telangana, India, based on IRS LISS III satellite data and Cartosat DEM 30m resolution data. Morphometric parameters of the watershed were assessed by computations of linear and areal aspect using standard methodology in GIS environment. ARC GIS software was utilized for morphometric component study and delineation of the watershed using Cartosat digital elevation model (DEM). In this study, the Manair basin, tributaries of Godavari River, has been selected for thorough morphometric analysis. The drainage …
Monitoring The Coastline Change Of Moheshkhali Island Using Remote Sensing Techniques
Monitoring The Coastline Change Of Moheshkhali Island Using Remote Sensing Techniques
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Bangladesh is a riverine country with several estuarial islands, these islands are subjected to dynamic erosion and accretion. Increased sea level could consume about 26% of land in low lying zone like Bangladesh by 2100. In this alarming situation, monitoring coastline dynamics is obligatory to assess the current status of coastline so that essential measures can be taken to compensate the damage. In this study remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) techniques have been used to quantify the erosion and accretion of land along the coastline of Moheshkhali Island, Bangladesh. Satellite images form Thematic Mapper(TM) has been used from …
Assessment Of Hydromorphological Conditions Of Upper And Lower Dams Of River Teesta In Sikkim
Assessment Of Hydromorphological Conditions Of Upper And Lower Dams Of River Teesta In Sikkim
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
River is a main source of fresh water. Although since past river water and basin morphology both have affected and changed by some natural and human induced activities. Human civilization since time immemorial has been rooted close to river basin. Changing morphology of a river channel has done also by natural causes. The hydromorphological state of a river system replicates its habitat quality and relies on a variety of both physical and human features. The area of study is located in the Teesta river system in Sikkim Himalaya, which comprises of Teesta and its major tributary the Rangit, situated in …
A Learning Vector Quantization Based Geospatial Modeling Approach For Inland Wq Remote Prediction
A Learning Vector Quantization Based Geospatial Modeling Approach For Inland Wq Remote Prediction
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Quick and accurate quantification of lake water quality (WQ) is essential for its management and improvement. Use of geotechnology (remote sensing, GIS, and GPS) applications is a step forward in improving our ability to effectively quantify and manage the WQ of ungauged lakes. Beaver Reservoir, a drinking water source for over 280,000 people in northwest Arkansas, is facing increased chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and suspended matter (SM) content in the lake. This study is designed to qualitatively predict the Chl-a and SM content in the lake on a spatial basis from Landsat-TM image digital information. A Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) classification neural …
Evaluation Of Different Techniques To Detect Land Use / Land Cover Over An Area
Evaluation Of Different Techniques To Detect Land Use / Land Cover Over An Area
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Knowledge about land use and land cover (LU/LC) is necessary to plan, monitor and evaluate the developmental activities. Many methods of remote sensing technologies have been developed to detect LU/LC. Several digital classification approaches were used to classify the satellite dataset. Different methods have different principal algorithms and have different approaches. These technologies are required to be evaluated for better accuracy. In the current study, five techniques (isocluster unsupervised classification, maximum likelihood supervised classification, principal component based classification, spectral angle mapper based classification and decision tree approach based classification) have been used to identify LU/LC in Bhubaneswar city in India. …
Investigating Rain And Temperature Changes Using Lars- Wg Models (A Case Study Of Karoon Basin)
Investigating Rain And Temperature Changes Using Lars- Wg Models (A Case Study Of Karoon Basin)
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Long-term forecast of climatic variables to be informed about changes as well as considering necessary requirements to balance consequences due to climate change has been considered by researchers and climatologists. LARS-WG is a model downscaling the outputs of GCM models. In the present research, to generate the amount of daily rainfall, radiation, daily minimum and maximum temperatures have been employed in four stations under present and future climatic conditions. In the research, the capability of LARS-WG model to simulate data observed in four stations of Ahwaz, Dezfoul, Shahr-e-Kord, and Yasouj was evaluated. After ensuring about appropriate performance of the model, …
Parameter Uncertainty Analysis For Biofuel Crops
Parameter Uncertainty Analysis For Biofuel Crops
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Watershed scale models are preferred to quantify long-term impacts of various land use decisions. Numerous models are available for carrying out land use change analyses, however, there are uncertainties associated with the simulation modeling system. Uncertainty in parameters is inevitable and has to be assessed before reporting modeled results to stakeholders. Parameter uncertainty analyses have been carried out in the past for different land use conditions. However, very few studies have been conducted on the parameter uncertainty analysis for biofuel crops. The production of biofuel crops is increasing since 2007 mainly because of the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) …
Hydrological Modeling In The Ong River Basin, India Using Swat Model
Hydrological Modeling In The Ong River Basin, India Using Swat Model
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The Ong river basin, a tributary of the Mahanadi River (a major river basin in eastern India) needs an effective management of water resources due to flood severity for sustainable agricultural production and flood protection. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used in this study for setting up a watershed model for discharge simulation in the basin. SWAT-CUP (SWAT-Calibration and Uncertainty Program) that enables calibration, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis with the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) technique was used in the study. The SWAT model was calibrated from 1981–1990 (warm up period: 1979–1981); and validated from1991-2000. The goodness of …
Watershed Characterization And Runoff Simulation Using Hydrologic Model
Watershed Characterization And Runoff Simulation Using Hydrologic Model
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Attempt has been made to analyze runoff generation in two agricultural watersheds of Rift Valley Lakes basin of Ethiopia. Watershed physiographic parameters are extracted from 90m SRTM and 30m ASTER DEM data using ArcHydro and TOPAZ watershed delineation algorithms. Climatic, soil and land use data are obtained from historical observation and satellite acquired information to simulate runoff. It has been observed that 30m ASTER DEM resulted in spurious flow accumulation path that subsequently reduced the watershed area by 29% and affected other basin parameters at Hare watershed. However, 90m DEM generated well patterned flow accumulation path. ArcHydro and TOPAZ watershed …
Flood Risk Assessment Using Satellite Image And Srtm Dem Data: A Case Study In Eastern Dhaka, Bangladesh
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Recent advances in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and hydrological modeling techniques allow their powerful integration. Since flood modeling has greatly improved it is believed that these advances will provide for a more efficient and a more accurate alternative to traditional methods for studying watersheds. In this paper, assessment of flood risk by developing a Flood risk map for eastern Dhaka was carried out by hydrodynamic simulation with the integration of satellite image (DigitalGlobe image; Date of imagery: 7th March 2007), DEM data from SRTM and the hydrologic field observed data. As the topography of the area has been considerably changed …
A Method For Quantifying Stream Network Topology Over Large Geographic Extents
A Method For Quantifying Stream Network Topology Over Large Geographic Extents
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
An understanding of stream network topology is necessary for a landscape-level perspective of stream hydrology and ecology. We present a method for quantifying stream network topology that overcomes computational constraints of DEM-based analysis over large geographic extents. This method converts vector stream flow paths to raster flow paths to predict spatially-explicit stream properties from a network-constrained upstream cell count (UCC) to flow origins. UCC data enable calculations of stream network structure at designated grain sizes and spatial extents. UCC values were strongly related to empirical measures of upstream basin area (R2 = 0.94) and stream width (R2 = …
Input Data Scale Impacts On Modeling Output Results: A Review
Input Data Scale Impacts On Modeling Output Results: A Review
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The measurement scale is one of the most important aspects of remote sensing and hydrological modeling studies. Changes pertinent to scale or resolution of input data are reflected in modeling results. This study discusses different types of scales, resampling and rescaling techniques and several potential scale issues as addressed by past studies. Specifically, scale impacts of digital elevation model (DEM) and land use and land cover (LULC) data impacts on hydrological modeling results are discussed. Higher resolution data can accurately describe watershed characteristics but can be computationally intensive. Therefore, it becomes important to select a data resolution, which aides in …
Determination Of Curve Number And Estimation Of Runoff Using Indian Experimental Rainfall And Runoff Data
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The Curve Number (CN) method has been widely used to estimate runoff from rainfall runoff events. In this study, experimental plots in Roorkee, India have been used to measure natural rainfall-driven rates of runoff under the main crops found in the region and derive associated CN values from the measured data using five different statistical methods. CNs obtained from the standard United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) table were suitable to estimate runoff for bare soil, soybeans and sugarcane. However, we propose a new method to estimate CN values from measured rainfall-runoff data (CN calibrated) …
1d Resistivity Sounding Geophysical Survey By Using Schlumberger Electrode Configuration Method For Groundwater Explorations In Catchment Area Of Anjani And Jhiri River, Northern Maharashtra (India)
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The present paper focuses on groundwater exploration using scientific methods. The area decide for the study, Anjani and Jhiri river basin, which comes under hard rock terrain from Maharashtra province, India. In this regards to conduct the hydrogeological and hydrogeophysical survey to understand the groundwater condition in the area. The aquifer geometry in the study area has been interpreted by carrying out 1D resistivity sounding using the conventional four electrode resistivity meter. The resistivity measurements obtained in sounding have been interpreted by curve matching technique to calculate the layer parameters (resistivity and thickness) and subsequently to reconstruct the depth sections …
Estimation Of Crop Water Stress Index In Almond Orchards Using Thermal Aerial Imagery
Estimation Of Crop Water Stress Index In Almond Orchards Using Thermal Aerial Imagery
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
An important method for estimating Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) is by measuring surface temperature of the canopy. A remote sensing method was used to estimate CWSI of an almond orchard in Paramount farm, California. An aerial remote measurement using MASTER (MODIS/ASTER) thermal band data used to measure canopy temperature (Tc). The empirical relationship for canopy- air temperatures difference (Tc-Ta) versus Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) represents the crop water stress quantitatively. The results implied that the average value of CWSI for well- irrigated (non-stressed) almonds is 0.24 while the almond yield is affected when the average CSWI values for stressed …
Groundwater Quality Mapping Based On The Geographical Information System (Gis) Of Jammu District, Jammu And Kashmir India.
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Geographical Information System (GIS) based groundwater quality mapping has been carried out with the help of hydrochemical data of Jammu district, Jammu and Kashmir State. Groundwater quality for drinking water purposes was analyzed by considering the WHO (2004) and ISI (1991) standard. A total of 100 samples were collected from different geological formations of the study area. The groundwater samples were analyzed for the major chemical constituents viz. Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ (cations); HCO3- , Cl- , F- , SO42-, NO3- , SiO2 (anions); pH, …
Stomatal Conductance, Canopy Temperature, And Leaf Area Index Estimation Using Remote Sensing And Obia Techniques
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Remotely sensed images including LANDSAT, SPOT, NAIP orthoimagery, and LiDAR and relevant processing tools can be used to predict plant stomatal conductance (gs), leaf area index (LAI), and canopy temperature, vegetation density, albedo, and soil moisture using vegetation indices like normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) or soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) developed with near infrared (NIR) and red bands. In this study, we present results of those analyses for two study sites with different plant species: 1) a managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forest in coastal North Carolina for canopy temperature and gs and 2) a managed Blueberry …
Spatial And Tidal Variations Of Physico-Chemical Parameters In The Lower Gangetic Delta Region, West Bengal, India
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
The lower stretch of Gangetic delta in the Indian sub-continent is noted for its rich mangrove biodiversity, natural calamities, and livelihood-supporting matrix of millions of people and is the only mangrove base of Royal Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in the planet Earth. The present trend of industrialization, urbanization and construction of barrage in the upstream zone has changed the landscape of the deltaic complex and the characteristics of the aquatic sub-system have also changed accordingly. This ecosystem offers an ideal site to study a number of physico-chemical parameters in relation to changing scenario of the region. The presence of …
Accounting For Instream Lakes When Interpolating Stream Water Chemistry Observations
Accounting For Instream Lakes When Interpolating Stream Water Chemistry Observations
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Direct monitoring of stream water chemistry is an increasingly important tool for securing stream water quality and assessing stream ecological functioning as it relates to overall ecosystem health. Such monitoring is often discontinuous in spatial extent and, thus, needs to be interpolated at unsampled locations if the desired end product is a continuous map of stream water chemistry. Recently there have been major advances in the use and development of geostatistical methods (such as kriging) for interpolating between observations of stream water chemistry within stream networks. This study investigated the influence of distance definition on interpolation of synoptically collected stream …
Stochastic Generation Of Monthly Streamflows Of Maroon River In Iran
Stochastic Generation Of Monthly Streamflows Of Maroon River In Iran
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
River flow forecasting constitutes one of the most important applications in hydrology. Several techniques and methods can be used in planning, design and management of water resources system. A stochastic model is one these techniques that formed based on time series. Maroon River is one of the most important rivers in Iran, therefore estimation of its discharge with appropriate models is important. Idnak Hydrometric station on the Maroon River with 41 years (1967 to 2009) of observed stream flow data was selected to for study. In these research stochastic models is fitted to monthly discharge. After performance of necessary tests, …
A Method For Extracting Stream Channel Flow Paths From Lidar Point Cloud Data
A Method For Extracting Stream Channel Flow Paths From Lidar Point Cloud Data
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Traditional methods of delineating stream channel networks use gridded raster elevation data. Direct use of LiDAR point clouds, without first creating a raster or grid, could improve efficiency and accuracy. This paper reports the development, and demonstration of a method of delineating stream channels directly from LiDAR point cloud data without the intermediary step of interpolation to a raster or grid. This method, termed “mDn”, is an extension of the D8 method that has been used for several decades with gridded raster data. The method divides the region around a starting point into sectors, using the LiDAR data points within …
Assessment Of Soil Loss Using Wepp Model And Geographical Information System
Assessment Of Soil Loss Using Wepp Model And Geographical Information System
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Severe soil erosion has generally been regarded as a major cause of land degradation in arid and semi arid regions. A quantitative assessment of soil loss intensity is still scanty for developing appropriate soil erosion control measures in these regions. This article used the combined Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) models to estimate the average soil loss in the Halahijan watershed in Khuzestan Province, one of the priority areas for soil erosion control in Iran. Also, the sediment yield estimated by the WEPP was compared with that estimated by Modified Pacific Southwest Interagency Committee (MPSIAC) …
Groundwater Quality And Vulnerability Mapping Of An Unconfined Coastal Aquifer
Groundwater Quality And Vulnerability Mapping Of An Unconfined Coastal Aquifer
Journal of Spatial Hydrology
Groundwater quality mapping is very essential to identify regions where groundwater is suitable for various uses. A study of the vulnerability of groundwater for pollution in a region is required as it will provide information for taking precautionary measures. Groundwater is being extensively used for domestic purposes in the region south of Chennai, India. The present study was carried out with the objective of preparing a groundwater quality map and vulnerability map of the south Chennai coastal aquifer. Groundwater samples from fifty representative wells distributed over the entire area were collected and analyzed for electrical conductivity and major ions. Based …