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Articles 31 - 60 of 363
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Spreading And Accumulation Of River-Borne Sediments In The Coastal Ocean After The Environmental Disaster At The Doce River In Brazil, Angleo T. Lemos, Alexander Osadchiev, Piero L. F. Mazzini, Et Al
Spreading And Accumulation Of River-Borne Sediments In The Coastal Ocean After The Environmental Disaster At The Doce River In Brazil, Angleo T. Lemos, Alexander Osadchiev, Piero L. F. Mazzini, Et Al
VIMS Articles
This study is focused on the fate of a large volume of mine slurry discharged from the Doce River (DR) to the coastal ocean after the worst environmental disaster in Brazilian which occurred in November 2015. We used Eulerian (ROMS) and Lagrangian (STRiPE) numerical models, as well as satellite remote sensing data, to study the spreading and seafloor accumulation of fine river-borne sediments during the initial six months following the disaster. We show that the regions of intense sediment accumulation were determined by spreading patterns of the surface-advected DR plume. The river discharge rate governed the plume surface area, while …
Status, Change, And Futures Of Zooplankton In The Southern Ocean, Nadine M. Johnston, Eugene J. Murphy, (...), Walker O. Smith Jr., Deborah K. Steinberg, Et Al
Status, Change, And Futures Of Zooplankton In The Southern Ocean, Nadine M. Johnston, Eugene J. Murphy, (...), Walker O. Smith Jr., Deborah K. Steinberg, Et Al
VIMS Articles
In the Southern Ocean, several zooplankton taxonomic groups, euphausiids, copepods, salps and pteropods, are notable because of their biomass and abundance and their roles in maintaining food webs and ecosystem structure and function, including the provision of globally important ecosystem services. These groups are consumers of microbes, primary and secondary producers, and are prey for fishes, cephalopods, seabirds, and marine mammals. In providing the link between microbes, primary production, and higher trophic levels these taxa influence energy flows, biological production and biomass, biogeochemical cycles, carbon flux and food web interactions thereby modulating the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Additionally, Antarctic …
Using Forward And Backward Particle Tracking Approaches To Analyze Impacts Of A Water Intake On Ichthyoplankton Mortality In The Appomattox River, Qubin Qin, Jian Shen, Troy D. Tuckey, Xun Cai, Jilian Xiong
Using Forward And Backward Particle Tracking Approaches To Analyze Impacts Of A Water Intake On Ichthyoplankton Mortality In The Appomattox River, Qubin Qin, Jian Shen, Troy D. Tuckey, Xun Cai, Jilian Xiong
VIMS Articles
Municipal intakes of surface water have various uses, and their impacts on the aquatic environment and ecosystem, such as the impingement and entrainment of ichthyoplankton, are a major concern. A robust assessment of the intake impacts on ichthyoplankton in a system generally requires modeling efforts that can simulate the transport and dispersal pathways of the ichthyoplankton. However, it is challenging to simulate hydrodynamics with a high‐resolution grid at the
scale needed for intake screen sizes in a large system. In this study, a 3D unstructured grid model with a fine resolution grid (<1 >m) was developed to investigate potential impacts …
Quantifying Seasonal Particulate Organic Carbon Concentrations And Export Potential In The Southwestern Ross Sea Using Autonomous Gliders, Meredith G. Meyer, Randolph G. Jones, Walker O. Smith Jr.
Quantifying Seasonal Particulate Organic Carbon Concentrations And Export Potential In The Southwestern Ross Sea Using Autonomous Gliders, Meredith G. Meyer, Randolph G. Jones, Walker O. Smith Jr.
VIMS Articles
To assess the temporal biological and hydrographic features of the southwestern Ross Sea, we deployed a glider in a spatially restricted, ice-free area during the austral summer (1 December–6 February), and quantified from sensor measurements the particulate organic carbon (POC; via particulate backscatter) concentrations, their changes through time, and net community production (NCP; via dissolved O2 concentrations). The POC levels could be divided into three distinct phases (I, II, and III, respectively) characterized by changes in NCP, surface-layer POC concentrations, remineralization, and export. Surface POC concentrations increased from 215 mg C m−3 in early December to a peak …
Comparison Of Electrochemical Polishing Treatments Between Phosphoric Acid And A Deep Eutectic Solvent For High-Purity Copper, Tarek M. Abdel-Fattah, Jon Derek Loftis
Comparison Of Electrochemical Polishing Treatments Between Phosphoric Acid And A Deep Eutectic Solvent For High-Purity Copper, Tarek M. Abdel-Fattah, Jon Derek Loftis
VIMS Articles
This study investigated and compared the acid-free electropolishing of copper with the state-of-the-art acidic electropolishing process. The acid-free medium used in this study is based on a deep eutectic solvent comprised of 2:1 ethylene glycol and choline chloride. The electrochemical study included voltammetry and chronoamperometry tests during the electropolishing process. The characterization techniques used were atomic force microscopy (AFM) and digital microscopy, and surface morphology comparisons summarized the electropolishing efficiency of phosphoric acid and acid-free deep eutectic solvent treatments for high-purity copper. Electropolishing copper with a deep eutectic solvent resulted in a mirror finish and a post-treatment surface that was …
The Spatio-Temporal Distribution And Transport Of Suspended Sediment In Laizhou Bay: Insights From Hydrological And Sedimentological Investigations, Bo Xie, Rui Bao, Dongxiao Yin, Et Al
The Spatio-Temporal Distribution And Transport Of Suspended Sediment In Laizhou Bay: Insights From Hydrological And Sedimentological Investigations, Bo Xie, Rui Bao, Dongxiao Yin, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Suspended sediment transport and deposition are crucial physical processes controlling the geomorphological evolution of estuaries and bays. Specially, under the context of worldwide coastal erosion, knowledge of the spatio-temporal distribution of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and its associated sediment load have become increasingly important for bay management. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of suspended sediment dynamics continues to be hampered by the lack of high-resolution observations. Here, we present a study of the transport mechanisms and controlling factors of suspended sediment over Laizhou Bay. For this, we conducted continuous measurements of SSC, salinity, temperature, and flow velocity at nine …
Seasonal Controls On Nearshore Dissolved Oxygen Variability And Hypoxia In A Coastal Embayment, Ryan K. Walter, Stephen A. Huie, (...), Piero L.F. Mazzini, Ian Robbins
Seasonal Controls On Nearshore Dissolved Oxygen Variability And Hypoxia In A Coastal Embayment, Ryan K. Walter, Stephen A. Huie, (...), Piero L.F. Mazzini, Ian Robbins
VIMS Articles
Declining dissolved oxygen (DO) is emerging as an increasingly important stressor in nearshore ecosystems, and there is a growing need to better understand DO dynamics and hypoxia risk in this highly variable environment. In this study, we collected data from monthly cruises on the inner shelf, continuous nearshore moorings inside and outside a small coastal upwelling embayment (San Luis Obispo Bay in Central California), and weekly phytoplankton measurements inside the bay during the upwelling season. Nearshore DO was generally dominated by low-frequency synoptic variability, with increased DO variance near the surface relative to the bottom and inside the bay compared …
A Numerical Investigation Of Hurricane Florence-Induced Compound Flooding In The Cape Fear Estuary Using A Dynamically Coupled Hydrological-Ocean Model, Daoyang Bao, Z. George Xue, John C. Warner, Melissa Moulton, Dongxiao Yin, Et Al
A Numerical Investigation Of Hurricane Florence-Induced Compound Flooding In The Cape Fear Estuary Using A Dynamically Coupled Hydrological-Ocean Model, Daoyang Bao, Z. George Xue, John C. Warner, Melissa Moulton, Dongxiao Yin, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Hurricane-induced compound flooding is a combined result of multiple processes, including overland runoff, precipitation, and storm surge. This study presents a dynamical coupling method applied at the boundary of a processes-based hydrological model (the hydrological modeling extension package of the Weather Research and Forecasting model) and the two-dimensional Regional Ocean Modeling System on the platform of the Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport Modeling System. The coupled model was adapted to the Cape Fear River Basin and adjacent coastal ocean in North Carolina, United States, which suffered severe losses due to the compound flood induced by Hurricane Florence in 2018. The model's robustness was …
Drivers And Seasonal Variability Of Redox-Sensitive Metal Chemistry In A Shallow Subterranean Estuary, Alison E. O'Connor, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Aaron J. Beck
Drivers And Seasonal Variability Of Redox-Sensitive Metal Chemistry In A Shallow Subterranean Estuary, Alison E. O'Connor, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Aaron J. Beck
VIMS Articles
The subterranean estuary (STE) has been historically defined in terms of the mixing of saline and fresh water, in an analogy to surface estuaries. However, redox gradients are also a defining characteristic of the STE and influence its role as a source or sink for metals in the environment. Approaching the STE from a redox-focused biogeochemical perspective (e.g., considering the role of microbial respiration and availability of organic matter) provides the ability to quantify drivers of metal transport across spatial and temporal scales. This study measured the groundwater composition of a shallow STE over 2 years and used multiple linear …
Dynamical Controls Of The Eastward Transport Of Overwintering Calanus Finmarchicus From The Lofoten Basin To The Continental Slope, Huizi Dong, Meng Zhou, Walker O. Smith Jr., Et Al
Dynamical Controls Of The Eastward Transport Of Overwintering Calanus Finmarchicus From The Lofoten Basin To The Continental Slope, Huizi Dong, Meng Zhou, Walker O. Smith Jr., Et Al
VIMS Articles
Diapausing populations of Calanus finmarchicus at depth in the Lofoten Basin (LB) return to the continental shelf and slope off the Lofoten-Vesterålen Islands during the phytoplankton spring bloom to feed and spawn, forming surface swarms with a great abundance. To study how overwintering populations of C. finmarchicus move with the deep currents and return to the shelf, Lagrangian transport characteristics of particles in deep water between 2008 and 2019 were analyzed using Global Ocean Reanalysis and Simulation re-analysis data and Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs). Our analyses revealed that persistent eastward transport of diapausing C. finmarchicus between LB and continental slope …
Vertical Transport Timescale Of Surface-Produced Particulate Material In The Chesapeake Bay, Jilian Xiong, Jian Shen
Vertical Transport Timescale Of Surface-Produced Particulate Material In The Chesapeake Bay, Jilian Xiong, Jian Shen
VIMS Articles
Accumulation and remineralization of surface-produced particulate organic matter (POM) in the water column and seabed link closely to hypoxia and the health of aquatic ecosystems. The POM retention time provides a key timescale to interpret biochemical reaction processes. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variations in the vertical particulate age (VPA) of surface-produced POM, which is the mean time elapsed since the particulates last contact the surface, by incorporating major physical processes including sinking, resuspension, and deposition in the Chesapeake Bay. It was found that the vertical transport time for the particulates (i.e., VPA) is much longer than the …
Leveraging The Interdependencies Between Barrier Islands And Backbarrier Saltmarshes To Enhance Resilience To Sea-Level Rise, Christopher J. Hein, Michael S. Fenster, Keryn B. Gedan, Jeff R. Tabar, Emily A. Hein, Todd Demunda
Leveraging The Interdependencies Between Barrier Islands And Backbarrier Saltmarshes To Enhance Resilience To Sea-Level Rise, Christopher J. Hein, Michael S. Fenster, Keryn B. Gedan, Jeff R. Tabar, Emily A. Hein, Todd Demunda
VIMS Articles
Barrier islands and their backbarrier saltmarshes have a reciprocal relationship: aeolian and storm processes transport sediment from the beaches and dunes to create and build marshes along the landward fringe of the island. In turn, these marshes exert a stabilizing influence on the barrier by widening the barrier system and forming a platform onto which the island migrates, consequently slowing landward barrier migration and inhibiting storm breaching. Here, we present a novel framework for applying these natural interdependencies to managing coastal systems and enhancing barrier-island resilience. Further, we detail application of these principles through a case study of the design …
Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry Method (Reox/Mims) To Measure 15n-Nitrate In Isotope-Enrichment Experiments, Xianbiao Lin, Kaijun Lu, Amber K. Hardison, Et Al
Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry Method (Reox/Mims) To Measure 15n-Nitrate In Isotope-Enrichment Experiments, Xianbiao Lin, Kaijun Lu, Amber K. Hardison, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Using 15N stable isotope as a tracer to quantify N transformation rates in isotope-enrichment experiments improves understanding of the N cycle in various ecosystems. However, measuring 15N-nitrate (15NO3−) in small volumes of water for these experiments is a major challenge due to the inconvenience of preparing samples by traditional techniques. We developed a “REOX/MIMS” method by applying membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) to determining 15NO3− concentrations in a small volumes of water from isotope-enrichment experiments after converting the dissolved inorganic N to N2. The nitrates (NO3− …
Nonlinearity Of Subtidal Estuarine Circulation In The Pearl River Estuary, China, Hongzhou Xu, Jian Shen, Dongxiao Wang, Lin Luo, Bo Hong
Nonlinearity Of Subtidal Estuarine Circulation In The Pearl River Estuary, China, Hongzhou Xu, Jian Shen, Dongxiao Wang, Lin Luo, Bo Hong
VIMS Articles
The Pearl River Estuary (PRE) is a bell-shaped estuary with a narrow deep channel and wide shoals. This unique topographic feature leads to different dynamics of the subtidal estuarine circulation (SEC) in the PRE compared with a narrow and straight estuary. In this study, the nonlinear dynamics of the SEC in the PRE under mean circumstance are analyzed by using a validated 3D numerical model. Model results show that the nonlinear advections reach leading order in the along-channel momentum balance. Modulated by tide, the nonlinear advections show significant temporal variations as they have much larger values during spring tide than …
Formation Of Oil-Particle-Aggregates: Numerical Model Formulation And Calibration, Linlin Cui, Courtney K. Harris, Danielle R.N. Tarpley
Formation Of Oil-Particle-Aggregates: Numerical Model Formulation And Calibration, Linlin Cui, Courtney K. Harris, Danielle R.N. Tarpley
VIMS Articles
When oil spills occur in turbid waters, the oil droplets and mineral grains can combine to form oil-particle aggregates (OPAs). The formation of OPAs impacts the vertical transport of both the oil and the mineral grains; especially increasing deposition of oil to the seabed. Though the coastal oceans can be very turbid, to date, few numerical ocean models have accounted for aggregation processes that form OPAs. However, interactions between oil and mineral aggregates may be represented using techniques developed to account for sediment aggregation. As part of Consortium for Simulation of Oil Microbial Interactions in the Ocean (CSOMIO), we modified …
Vegetation Type And Decomposition Priming Mediate Brackish Marsh Carbon Accumulation Under Interacting Facets Of Global Change, Anthony J. Rietl, J. Patrick Megonigal, Ellen R. Herbert, Matthew L. Kirwan
Vegetation Type And Decomposition Priming Mediate Brackish Marsh Carbon Accumulation Under Interacting Facets Of Global Change, Anthony J. Rietl, J. Patrick Megonigal, Ellen R. Herbert, Matthew L. Kirwan
VIMS Articles
Coastal wetland carbon pools are globally important, but their response to interacting facets of global change remain unclear. Numerical models neglect species-specific vegetation responses to sea level rise (SLR) and elevated CO2 (eCO2) that are observed in field experiments, while field experiments cannot address the long-term feedbacks between flooding and soil growth that models show are important. Here, we present a novel numerical model of marsh carbon accumulation parameterized with empirical observations from a long-running eCO2 experiment in an organic rich, brackish marsh. Model results indicate that eCO2 and SLR interact …
The Geomorphic Impact Of Mangrove Encroachment In An Australian Salt Marsh, Daniel J. Coleman, Kerrylee Rogers, D. Reide Corbett, Christopher J. Owers, Matthew L. Kirwan
The Geomorphic Impact Of Mangrove Encroachment In An Australian Salt Marsh, Daniel J. Coleman, Kerrylee Rogers, D. Reide Corbett, Christopher J. Owers, Matthew L. Kirwan
VIMS Articles
Mangroves are encroaching into salt marshes throughout the world as a result of environmental change. Previous studies suggest mangroves trap sediment more efficiently than adjacent salt marshes, providing mangroves greater capacity to adapt to sea level rise; this may occur by displacing salt marshes. However, sediment transport in adjacent marsh-mangrove systems and its role in mangrove encroachment upon salt marsh remain poorly understood. Here we directly test the hypothesis that mangroves reduce the ability of adjacent marsh to adjust to sea level rise by measuring sediment transport across salt marsh platforms, with and without 6 m of fringing mangroves at …
Modeling Changes In Baleen Whale Seasonal Abundance, Timing Of Migration, And Environmental Variables To Explain The Sudden Rise In Entanglements In California, Kaytlin Ingman, Ellen Hines, Piero L. F. Mazzini, Et Al
Modeling Changes In Baleen Whale Seasonal Abundance, Timing Of Migration, And Environmental Variables To Explain The Sudden Rise In Entanglements In California, Kaytlin Ingman, Ellen Hines, Piero L. F. Mazzini, Et Al
VIMS Articles
We document changes in the number of sightings and timing of humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), blue (Balaenoptera musculus), and gray (Eschrichtius robustus) whale migratory phases in the vicinity of the Farallon Islands, California. We hypothesized that changes in the timing of migration off central California were driven by local oceanography, regional upwelling, and basin-scale climate conditions. Using 24 years of daily whale counts collected from Southeast Farallon Island, we developed negative binomial regression models to evaluate trends in local whale sightings over time. We then used linear models to assess trends in the timing of …
Quantifying Thresholds Of Barrier Geomorphic Change In A Cross-Shore Sediment-Partitioning Model, Daniel J. Ciarletta, Jennifer L. Miselis, Justin L. Shawler, Christopher J. Hein
Quantifying Thresholds Of Barrier Geomorphic Change In A Cross-Shore Sediment-Partitioning Model, Daniel J. Ciarletta, Jennifer L. Miselis, Justin L. Shawler, Christopher J. Hein
VIMS Articles
Barrier coasts, including barrier islands, beach-ridge plains, and associated landforms, can assume a broad spectrum of morphologies over multi-decadal scales that reflect conditions of sediment availability, accommodation, and relative sea-level rise. However, the quantitative thresholds of these controls on barrier-system behavior remain largely unexplored, even as modern sea-level rise and anthropogenic modification of sediment availability increasingly reshape the world's sandy coastlines. In this study, we conceptualize barrier coasts as sediment-partitioning frameworks, distributing sand delivered from the shoreface to the subaqueous and subaerial components of the coastal system. Using an idealized morphodynamic model, we explore thresholds of behavioral and morphologic change …
Development Of The Csomio Coupled Ocean-Oil-Sediment- Biology Model, Dmitry S. Dukhovskoy, Steven L. . Morey, (...), Courtney K. Harris, Et Al
Development Of The Csomio Coupled Ocean-Oil-Sediment- Biology Model, Dmitry S. Dukhovskoy, Steven L. . Morey, (...), Courtney K. Harris, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The fate and dispersal of oil in the ocean is dependent upon ocean dynamics, as well as transformations resulting from the interaction with the microbial community and suspended particles. These interaction processes are parameterized in many models limiting their ability to accurately simulate the fate and dispersal of oil for subsurface oil spill events. This paper presents a coupled ocean-oil-biology-sediment modeling system developed by the Consortium for Simulation of Oil-Microbial Interactions in the Ocean (CSOMIO) project. A key objective of the CSOMIO project was to develop and evaluate a modeling framework for simulating oil in the marine environment, including its …
Different Coastal Marsh Sites Reflect Similar Topographic Conditions Under Which Bare Patches And Vegetation Recovery Occur, Chen Wang, Lennert Schepers, Matthew L. Kirwan, Et Al
Different Coastal Marsh Sites Reflect Similar Topographic Conditions Under Which Bare Patches And Vegetation Recovery Occur, Chen Wang, Lennert Schepers, Matthew L. Kirwan, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The presence of bare patches within otherwise vegetated coastal marshes is sometimes considered to be a symptom of marsh dieback and the subsequent loss of important ecosystem services. Here we studied the topographical conditions determining the presence and revegetation of bare patches in three marsh sites with contrasting tidal range, sediment supply, and plant species: the Scheldt estuary (the Netherlands), Venice lagoon (Italy), and Blackwater marshes (Maryland, USA). Based on GIS (geographic information system) analyses of aerial photos and lidar imagery of high resolution (≤2×2 m pixels), we analyzed the topographic conditions under which bare patches occur, including their surface …
A Regional, Early Spring Bloom Of Phaeocystis Pouchetii On The New England Continental Shelf, Walker O. Smith Jr., Weifeng G. Zhang, Andrew Hirzel, Et Al
A Regional, Early Spring Bloom Of Phaeocystis Pouchetii On The New England Continental Shelf, Walker O. Smith Jr., Weifeng G. Zhang, Andrew Hirzel, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The genus Phaeocystis is distributed globally and has considerable ecological, biogeochemical, and societal impacts. Understanding its distribution, growth and ecological impacts has been limited by lack of extensive observations on appropriate scales. In 2018, we investigated the biological dynamics of the New England continental shelf and encountered a substantial bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii. Based on satellite imagery during January through April, the bloom extended over broad expanses of the shelf; furthermore, our observations demonstrated that it reached high biomass levels, with maximum chlorophyll concentrations exceeding 16 μg L−1 and particulate organic carbon levels > 95 μmol L−1. Initially, the bloom was …
Coastal Forest Seawater Exposure Increases Stem Methane Concentration, Matthew J. Norwood, Nicholas Ward, (......), Matthew L. Kirwan, Anya Hopple, J. Patrick Megonigal
Coastal Forest Seawater Exposure Increases Stem Methane Concentration, Matthew J. Norwood, Nicholas Ward, (......), Matthew L. Kirwan, Anya Hopple, J. Patrick Megonigal
VIMS Articles
Methane (CH4) exchange between trees and the atmosphere has recently emerged as an important, but poorly quantified process regulating global climate. The sources (soil and/or tree) and mechanisms driving the increase of CH4 in trees and degassing to the atmosphere are inadequately understood, particularly for coastal forests facing increased exposure to seawater. We investigated the eco‐physiological relationship between tree stem wood density, soil and stem oxygen saturation (an indicator of redox state), soil and stem CH4 concentrations, soil and stem carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, and soil salinity in five forests along the United States …
Effects Of Reduced Shoreline Erosion On Chesapeake Bay Water Clarity, Jessica S. Turner, Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Friedrichs
Effects Of Reduced Shoreline Erosion On Chesapeake Bay Water Clarity, Jessica S. Turner, Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Friedrichs
VIMS Articles
Shoreline erosion supplies sediments to estuaries and coastal waters, influencing water clarity and primary production. Globally, shoreline erosion sediment inputs are changing with anthropogenic alteration of coastlines in populated regions. Chesapeake Bay, a prime example of such a system where shoreline erosion accounts for a large proportion of sediments entering the estuary, serves here as a case study for investigating the effects of changing sediment inputs on water clarity. Long-term increases in shoreline armoring have contributed to decreased erosional sediment inputs to the estuary, changing the composition of suspended particles in surface waters. This study examined the impact of shoreline …
Seasonal Resource Pulses And The Foraging Depth Of A Southern Ocean Top Predator, Roxanne S. Beltran, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Greg A. Breed, (...), Walker O. Smith Jr., Et Al
Seasonal Resource Pulses And The Foraging Depth Of A Southern Ocean Top Predator, Roxanne S. Beltran, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Greg A. Breed, (...), Walker O. Smith Jr., Et Al
VIMS Articles
Seasonal resource pulses can have enormous impacts on species interactions. In marine ecosystems, air-breathing predators often drive their prey to deeper waters. However, it is unclear how ephemeral resource pulses such as near-surface phytoplankton blooms alter the vertical trade-off between predation avoidance and resource availability in consumers, and how these changes cascade to the diving behaviour of top predators. We integrated data on Weddell seal diving behaviour, diet stable isotopes, feeding success and mass gain to examine shifts in vertical foraging throughout ice break-out and the resulting phytoplankton bloom each year. We also tested hypotheses about the likely location of …
The Effect Of Coastal Landform Development On Decadal-To Millennial-Scale Longshore Sediment Fluxes: Evidence From The Holocene Evolution Of The Central Mid-Atlantic Coast, Usa, Justin L. Shawler, Christopher J. Hein, Chloe A. Obara, Mahina G. Robbins, Sebastien Huot, Michael S. Fenster
The Effect Of Coastal Landform Development On Decadal-To Millennial-Scale Longshore Sediment Fluxes: Evidence From The Holocene Evolution Of The Central Mid-Atlantic Coast, Usa, Justin L. Shawler, Christopher J. Hein, Chloe A. Obara, Mahina G. Robbins, Sebastien Huot, Michael S. Fenster
VIMS Articles
The behavior of siliciclastic coastal systems is largely controlled by the interplay between accommodation creation and infilling. Factors responsible for altering sediment fluxes to and along open-ocean coasts include cross-shore mobilization of sediment primarily from tidal currents and storms as well as changes in alongshore transport rates moderated by changing wave conditions, river sediment inputs, artificial shoreline hardening and modification, and natural sediment trapping in updrift coastal landforms. This paper focuses on the latter relationships. To address understudied interactions between updrift coastal landforms and downdrift coastal behavior, we quantify the volume and fluxes of sediment trapped in the Assateague-Chincoteague-Wallops barrier-island …
Molluscan Aminostratigraphy Of The Us Mid-Atlantic Quaternary Coastal System: Implications For Onshore-Offshore Correlation, Paleochannel And Barrier Island Evolution, And Local Late Quaternary Sea-Level History, John F. Wehmiller, Laura L. Brothers, (...), Christopher J. Hein, Justin L. Shawler
Molluscan Aminostratigraphy Of The Us Mid-Atlantic Quaternary Coastal System: Implications For Onshore-Offshore Correlation, Paleochannel And Barrier Island Evolution, And Local Late Quaternary Sea-Level History, John F. Wehmiller, Laura L. Brothers, (...), Christopher J. Hein, Justin L. Shawler
VIMS Articles
The Quaternary record of the US Mid-Atlantic coastal system includes onshore emergent late Pleistocene shoreline deposits, offshore inner shelf and barrier island units, and paleovalleys formed during multiple glacial stage sea-level lowstands. The geochronology of this coastal system is based on uranium series, radiocarbon, amino acid racemization (AAR), and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods. We report over 600 mollusk AAR results from 93 sites between northeastern North Carolina and the central New Jersey shelf, representing samples from both onshore cores or outcrops, sub-barrier and offshore cores, and transported shells from barrier island beaches. AAR age estimates are constrained by paired …
Mechanisms Of Pond Expansion In A Rapidly Submerging Marsh, Joshua Himmelstein, Orencio Duran Vinent, Stijn Temmerman, Matthew L. Kirwan
Mechanisms Of Pond Expansion In A Rapidly Submerging Marsh, Joshua Himmelstein, Orencio Duran Vinent, Stijn Temmerman, Matthew L. Kirwan
VIMS Articles
The development and expansion of ponds within otherwise vegetated coastal marshes is a primary driver of marsh loss throughout the world. Previous studies propose that large ponds expand through a wind wave-driven positive feedback, where pond edge erosion rates increase with pond size, whereas biochemical processes control the formation and expansion of smaller ponds. However, it remains unclear which mechanisms dominate at a given scale, and thus how, and how fast, ponds increase their size. Here, we use historical photographs and field measurements in a rapidly submerging microtidal marsh to quantify pond development and identify the processes involved. We find …
Revisiting The Ocean Color Algorithms For Particulate Organic Carbon And Chlorophyll-A Concentrations In The Ross Sea, Shuangling Chen, Walker O. Smith Jr., Xiaolei Yu
Revisiting The Ocean Color Algorithms For Particulate Organic Carbon And Chlorophyll-A Concentrations In The Ross Sea, Shuangling Chen, Walker O. Smith Jr., Xiaolei Yu
VIMS Articles
The Ross Sea is the most productive marginal sea in the Southern Ocean and plays an important role in carbon cycling. However, limited sampling of Chlorophyll-a (Chl) and particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations from research expeditions constrains our understanding of the biogeochemical processes there. Satellites provide a useful tool for synoptic mapping of surface water properties on regional and global scales, yet the general applicability of the published algorithms in the Ross Sea is poorly known. Based on the data collected from 18 cruises in the past 20 years, we analyzed both the NASA standard and locally developed Chl and …
Bioaccumulation Of Pcbs, Ocps And Pbdes In Marine Mammals From West Antarctica, Mohammed Khairy, Emily Brault, Rebecca Dickhut, Et Al
Bioaccumulation Of Pcbs, Ocps And Pbdes In Marine Mammals From West Antarctica, Mohammed Khairy, Emily Brault, Rebecca Dickhut, Et Al
VIMS Articles
To understand the bioaccumulation and food web dynamics of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) as a function of species, age and sex in Antarctic mammals, blubber samples of 3 killer whales (Type C) and 77 pinnipeds (Weddell, Ross and crabeater seals) were collected from the Southern Ocean, Antarctica. They were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). ΣDDTs, Σ29PCBs and chlordanes (12 – 4,600, 13 – 1,600, and < 1.5 – 1,700 ng/g lipid, respectively) were the most abundant POPs. Killer whales typically displayed several times greater concentrations of POPs compared to seals, except for PBDEs. PCBs and PBDEs were consistently higher in adult crabeater and Weddell seal males, and in adult female Ross seals than in other sex and age groups reflecting an age accumulation and possible influence of segregated diet, foraging areas, and metabolic transformation rates. POPs concentrations significantly correlated with gene transcription of nuclear receptors involved in detoxification of contaminants and immune relevant cell mediators in the crabeater seals, indicating possible immunotoxic and deleterious health effects. This represents one of the largest studies on POPs in Antarctic marine predators and highlights the complexity of POPs bioaccumulation.