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2019

Inflammation

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Examining The Role Of The Unfolded Protein Response In Depression, Matthew Timberlake Jan 2019

Examining The Role Of The Unfolded Protein Response In Depression, Matthew Timberlake

All ETDs from UAB

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide and impacts nearly 350 million people with a disproportionate representation in women with a 1:1.7 ratio of occurrence compared to men. This disorder is characterized by shifts in mood to include feelings of hopelessness, sadness, and lethargy as well as changes in diet, motivation, and sleep patterns. Further, over 50% of patients who struggle with depression also have suicidal ideation and as many as 10% of those commit suicide. At present, treatment plans include behavioral therapy (often) in conjunction with antidepressant medications which act on monoamines and their circuits in the central …

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Mechanisms Of Fibrosis In Regeneration Of Aged Skeletal Muscle, Fasih Ahmad Rahman Jan 2019

Mechanisms Of Fibrosis In Regeneration Of Aged Skeletal Muscle, Fasih Ahmad Rahman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptive tissue that possesses the ability to regenerate following damage. Regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle declines as age advances, leading to restricted mobility and poor quality of life. The impairment of the regeneration process in aged muscle is partly due to the accumulation of structural proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM), termed fibrosis. In this study, two important proteins regulating ECM remodeling, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), were investigated to determine their role in modulating changes in the ECM during aged muscle regeneration. The regeneration process was studied in young (3 month …

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Effects Of E-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals On Human Macrophages And Bronchial Epithelial Cells, Anna Manzi Morris Jan 2019

Effects Of E-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals On Human Macrophages And Bronchial Epithelial Cells, Anna Manzi Morris

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

E-cigarettes and vapes are relatively new devices which are popular among young adults and teens. These devices vaporize an “e-liquid” for the user to inhale, which typically contains a mixture of propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), varying concentrations of nicotine, and flavoring chemicals. Due to these flavoring chemicals being intended for ingestion as a food additive, their respiratory health effects are not well understood. Thousands of e-cigarette flavors are available on the market, many of which have the potential for toxicity. The majority of e-liquid flavoring chemicals (ELFCs) have not been tested for inhalation safety. In this study, we …

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Ankylosing Spondylitis And Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Therapy: A New Therapeutic Approach, Kamal Abdolmohammadi, Fatemeh Dadgar Pakdel, Hamideh Aghaei, Sara Assadiasl, Yousef Fatahi, Negin Hosseini Rouzbahani, Alireza Rezaiemanesh, Masoud Soleimani, Lobat Tayebi, Mohammad Hossein Nicknam Jan 2019

Ankylosing Spondylitis And Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Therapy: A New Therapeutic Approach, Kamal Abdolmohammadi, Fatemeh Dadgar Pakdel, Hamideh Aghaei, Sara Assadiasl, Yousef Fatahi, Negin Hosseini Rouzbahani, Alireza Rezaiemanesh, Masoud Soleimani, Lobat Tayebi, Mohammad Hossein Nicknam

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory rheumatoid disease categorized within spondyloarthropathies (SpA) and manifested by chronic spinal arthritis. Several innate and adaptive immune cells and secreted-mediators have been indicated to play a role in AS pathogenesis. Considering the limitations of current therapeutic approaches (NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, DMARDs and biologic drugs), finding new treatments with fewer side effects and high therapeutic potentials are required in AS. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with considerable immunomodulatory and regenerative properties could be able to attenuate the inflammatory responses and help tissue repair by cell-to-cell contact and secretion of soluble factors. Moreover, MSCs do not express HLA-DR, …

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Effect Of Osteoactivin And Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 On Soft Tissue In Rat Spinal Fusion Model, Andrew Ohliger Jan 2019

Effect Of Osteoactivin And Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 On Soft Tissue In Rat Spinal Fusion Model, Andrew Ohliger

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Osteoinductive therapeutic strategies are essential for the bone healing process and are applicable in multiple orthopaedic procedures. The novel protein Osteoactivin (OA) has proven to stimulate osteoblast differentiation and function in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo in the rat model. More recently, OA has shown significant bone regeneration ability in sheep. The goal of this study is the comparison of osteoactivin with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the rat spinal fusion model.

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Is A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet The Most Effective Treatment Of Arthritis?, Elisheva Liberman Jan 2019

Is A Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet The Most Effective Treatment Of Arthritis?, Elisheva Liberman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Arthritis is a debilitating disease where joint inflammation occurs. There are different types of arthritis, such as Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Osteoarthritis is the destruction of the articular cartilage that usually comes with age, whereas Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease. They both have symptoms which include reduced range of motion, pain and swelling. There are various treatments to alleviate the pain and reduce the inflammation of arthritis. Among them are medication, physical therapy, surgery and a whole food, plant-based diet. The whole food, plant-based diet yields the best results and is the most effective and practical.

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Proprietary Milk Protein Concentrate Reduces Joint Discomfort While Improving Exercise Performance In Non-Osteoarthritic Individuals, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Chad M. Kerksick, A. William Kedia, Jennifer Sandrock, Betsy Raub, Hector L. Lopez Jan 2019

Proprietary Milk Protein Concentrate Reduces Joint Discomfort While Improving Exercise Performance In Non-Osteoarthritic Individuals, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Chad M. Kerksick, A. William Kedia, Jennifer Sandrock, Betsy Raub, Hector L. Lopez

Faculty Scholarship

Milk and dairy products are known to contain various bioactives with potential anti-inflammatory and immune modulating effects. Previous research has indicated that milk produced from hyperimmunized cows provided meaningful health benefits to individuals suffering from varying degrees of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. PURPOSE: To examine the impact of a proprietary milk protein concentrate on joint discomfort and physical function, exercise performance, quality of life and various measures of affect. METHODS: Non-osteoarthritic men (42.5 ± 8.9 years, 176.7 ± 6.7 cm, 89.9 ± 11.5 kg, 28.8 ± 3.5 kg/m2, n = 30) and women (46.4 ± 9.6 years, 163.1 ± 8.2 …

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Microglia Are Both A Source And Target Of Extracellular Cyclophilin A, Gurkiran Kaur Flora, Ryan S. Anderton, Bruno P. Meloni, Gilles J. Guillemin, Neville W. Knuckey, Gabriella Macdougall, Vance Matthews, Sherif Boulos Jan 2019

Microglia Are Both A Source And Target Of Extracellular Cyclophilin A, Gurkiran Kaur Flora, Ryan S. Anderton, Bruno P. Meloni, Gilles J. Guillemin, Neville W. Knuckey, Gabriella Macdougall, Vance Matthews, Sherif Boulos

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Glioblastoma (GBM) are lethal primary brain tumours whose pathogenesis is aided, at least partly, via a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. This study investigated whether microglia, a cell component of the GBM microenvironment, mediates pro-tumorigenic properties via the action of cyclophilin A (CypA), a potent secretable chemokine and cytoprotectant that signals via the cell surface receptor, CD147. To this end, intracellular and secreted CypA expression was assessed in human primary microglia and BV2 microglial cells treated with the endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the oxidative stress inducer, LY83583. We report that human primary microglia and BV2 microglia both express CypA and CD147, and that …

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Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Alters The Mrna Cytokine Profile From Mouse Macrophages Challenged With Streptococcus Uberis, T. H. Swartz, L. K. Mamedova, B. J. Bradford Jan 2019

Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Alters The Mrna Cytokine Profile From Mouse Macrophages Challenged With Streptococcus Uberis, T. H. Swartz, L. K. Mamedova, B. J. Bradford

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to determine if β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) altered inflammatory responses in macrophages challenged with a common mastitis pathogen,Streptococcus uberis. Mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7 line) were cultured either in the presence or absence of BHB for 24 h, and then challenged or not withS. uberis. Relative transcript abundance of cell membrane receptors (TLR2 and GPR109a), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, TNFα, and TGFβ), and chemokines (CXCL2 and CCL5) were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and normalized against the geometric mean of HPRT and B2M.Streptococcus uberisactivated the macrophages, noted by greater …

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An Inflammatory Landscape For Preoperative Neurologic Deficits In Glioblastoma., Amal Katrib, Hyun-Hwan Jeong, Nina L Fransen, Kristin S Henzel, Jeremy A Miller Jan 2019

An Inflammatory Landscape For Preoperative Neurologic Deficits In Glioblastoma., Amal Katrib, Hyun-Hwan Jeong, Nina L Fransen, Kristin S Henzel, Jeremy A Miller

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.

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Chronic Low Intensity Continuous And Interval Training Prevent Heart Failure-Related Coronary Artery Stiffness, An Ouyang Jan 2019

Chronic Low Intensity Continuous And Interval Training Prevent Heart Failure-Related Coronary Artery Stiffness, An Ouyang

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Heart failure (HF) induced by aortic pressure over-load is associated with increased coronary artery stiffness. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and advanced glycation end products (AGE) both promote arterial stiffness. However, the mechanisms by which coronary PVAT promotes arterial stiffness and the efficacy of exercise to prevent coronary stiffness are unknown. The present study hypothesized both chronic continuous and interval exercise training would prevent coronary artery stiffness associated with inhibition of PVAT secreted AGE. Yucatan mininature swine were divided into four groups: control-sedentary (CON), aortic-banded sedentary heart failure (HF), aortic-banded HF continuous exercise trained (HF+CONT), and aortic-banded HF interval exercise trained …

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Cognition, Repetitive Thought, And Systemic Inflammation In The Midlife In The United States Study, Elana M. Gloger Jan 2019

Cognition, Repetitive Thought, And Systemic Inflammation In The Midlife In The United States Study, Elana M. Gloger

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Segerstrom et al. (2017) found that more repetitive thought (RT) was related to lower interleukin-6 (IL-6), in older adults at average IQ. This study aimed to replicate and extend this finding in midlife adults, with a daily measure of RT, and additional inflammatory biomarkers. 153 participants were drawn from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher project; ages 25-70 (M = 45.07, SD = 10.96), 50.3% female, and 83% Caucasian. Cognition was assessed via the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone, biological data via fasted blood draw, and RT data were collected as part of the National …

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Multinucleated Giant Cell Formation And Phenotype, Kevin Lewis Trout Jan 2019

Multinucleated Giant Cell Formation And Phenotype, Kevin Lewis Trout

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Multinucleated giant cells (MGC) are homotypic macrophage syncytia associated with granulomas. Despite their correlation with pathology, MGC functional contributions to inflammation are relatively unknown. The objective of this work was to gain an understanding of MGC phenotype. First, techniques were developed to better enable the study of these cells in vitro. Second, inorganic particles known to cause inflammation were observed to cause MGC formation in the lungs. Finally, the particle that resulted in the highest macrophage fusion was used together with the in vitro system to compare MGC and macrophage phenotype in response to stimulation. The results contribute to fundamental …

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Secreted Protein Acidic And Rich In Cysteine In The Periodontal Ligament: Mechanisms Of Collagen Assembly And Cross-Linking In Health And Disease, Emilie Ann Rosset Jan 2019

Secreted Protein Acidic And Rich In Cysteine In The Periodontal Ligament: Mechanisms Of Collagen Assembly And Cross-Linking In Health And Disease, Emilie Ann Rosset

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

The collagen fibers that span the periodontal ligament (PDL) connect teeth to the bone socket by weaving through the cementum of each tooth as well as into the alveolar bone. Collagen type I is the main structural component of the PDL. High rates of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover are characteristic of PDL tissue. Periodontal disease (PD) afflicts approximately 50% of the population in the United States. PD is marked by chronic inflammation of the periodontium leading to PDL degradation, alveolar bone loss, and eventual tooth loss. There are currently no accepted methodologies to regenerate this collagenous PDL tissue. Thus PDL …

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Alcohol Metabolism Potentiates Hiv-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Contribution To End-Stage Liver Disease, Murali Ganesan, Moses New-Aaron, Raghubendra Singh Dagur, Edward Makarov, Weimin Wang, Kusum K. Kharbanda, Srivatsan Kidambi, Larisa Y. Poluektova, Natalia A. Osna Jan 2019

Alcohol Metabolism Potentiates Hiv-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Contribution To End-Stage Liver Disease, Murali Ganesan, Moses New-Aaron, Raghubendra Singh Dagur, Edward Makarov, Weimin Wang, Kusum K. Kharbanda, Srivatsan Kidambi, Larisa Y. Poluektova, Natalia A. Osna

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

In an era of improved survival due to modern antiretroviral therapy, liver disease has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality, resulting in death in 15–17% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Alcohol enhances HIV-mediated liver damage and promotes the progression to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. However, the mechanisms behind these events are uncertain. Here, we hypothesize that ethanol metabolism potentiates accumulation of HIV in hepatocytes, causing oxidative stress and intensive apoptotic cell death. Engulfment of HIV-containing apoptotic hepatocytes by non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) triggers their activation and liver injury progression. This study was performed on primary human hepatocytes and …

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