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Articles 61 - 84 of 84
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Patchiness In Internal Tidal Beams, Hans Van Haren, Leo R. M. Maas, Theo Gerkema
Patchiness In Internal Tidal Beams, Hans Van Haren, Leo R. M. Maas, Theo Gerkema
Journal of Marine Research
Results are presented from measurements on internal tides and near-inertial motions, obtained using deep-towed acoustic Doppler current profilers along a single transect over the continental slope in the Bay of Biscay and, in another experiment, over a flank of Great Meteor Seamount in the Canary Basin. Each measurement lasted two days and involved repeated passage of the same track, making it possible to extract by harmonic analysis the semidiurnal (and, over Great Meteor Seamount, also the combined diurnal/near-inertial) signal. In the Bay of Biscay, the transect covered by the towing was sufficiently long to follow the internal semidiurnal tidal beam …
Moored Observations Of Bottom-Intensified Motions In The Deep Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, M.-L. Timmermans, L. Rainville, L. Thomas, A. Proshutinsky
Moored Observations Of Bottom-Intensified Motions In The Deep Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, M.-L. Timmermans, L. Rainville, L. Thomas, A. Proshutinsky
Journal of Marine Research
In the deep Canada Basin, below the sill depth (about 2400 m) of the Alpha-Mendeleyev Ridge, potential temperature and salinity first increase with depth, then remain uniform from about 2600 m to the bottom (approximately 3500 m). Year-long moored measurements of temperature, salinity and pressure in these deep and homogeneous bottom waters reveal significant vertical excursions with periods of about 50 days. The observed isopycnal displacements have amplitudes up to 100 m at the top boundary of the bottom layer; moored profiler measurements in the intermediate water column indicate that the amplitudes of these vertical displacements decay toward the surface …
Influence Of Warm Sst Anomalies Formed In The Eastern Pacific Subduction Zone On Recent El Niño Events, Dong-Kyu Lee, Peter Niiler
Influence Of Warm Sst Anomalies Formed In The Eastern Pacific Subduction Zone On Recent El Niño Events, Dong-Kyu Lee, Peter Niiler
Journal of Marine Research
Anomalous April–June warm surface water in the eastern Pacific convergence zone (the Great Pacific Garbage Patch) subducts and depresses the thermocline as a single waveform. This waveform propagates toward the equator much more quickly (reaching the equator in 1.5–2.5 years) than the normal transit time (5–10 years) of the meridional overturning cell. The movements of the sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies that occurred before the 1997 and 2009 El Niños can be clearly traced to the area south of 20°N using the altimeter sea-level signals. Upon arriving near the Pacific equator, these warm water anomalies can contribute to the formation of …
The Shape Of The Main Thermocline, Revisited, Rick Salmon
The Shape Of The Main Thermocline, Revisited, Rick Salmon
Journal of Marine Research
Using the Monte Carlo method of statistical physics, we compute the equilibrium statistical mechanics of the shallow water equations, considered as a reduced-gravity model of the ocean's upper layer in a square ocean that spans the equator. The ensemble-averaged flow comprises a westward drift at low latitudes, associated with the poleward deepening of the main thermocline, and a more intense compensating eastward flow near the latitudes at which the layer depth vanishes. Inviscid numerical simulations with a model that exactly conserves mass, energy, and potential enstrophy support the theoretical prediction.
Mixing Rates Across The Gulf Stream, Part 1: On The Formation Of Eighteen Degree Water, R. Inoue, M. C. Gregg, R. R. Harcourt
Mixing Rates Across The Gulf Stream, Part 1: On The Formation Of Eighteen Degree Water, R. Inoue, M. C. Gregg, R. R. Harcourt
Journal of Marine Research
Microstructure profiles taken in February 2007 across the Gulf Stream (GS) measured the temporal and spatial variability of the intense mixing that forms Eighteen Degree Water (EDW). Strong winds, gusting to 30 m s–1, and heat fluxes up to 1000 W m–2 produced moderate-to-strong mixing in the surface mixed layer and the entrainment zone, as well as in the thermocline. In the limit of a vertically balanced heat budget, EDW formation is driven primarily by surface heat loss to the atmosphere across a region extending O(100) km south from the GS core, where entrainment heat fluxes …
Landscape And Smaller-Scale Effects Of Lugworm (Arenicola Marina) Deposit Feeding On Benthic Bacterial Assemblages, Craig J. Plante
Landscape And Smaller-Scale Effects Of Lugworm (Arenicola Marina) Deposit Feeding On Benthic Bacterial Assemblages, Craig J. Plante
Journal of Marine Research
Objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether feeding by the lugworm, Arenicola marina, reduces abundance or alters composition of sedimentary bacterial assemblages, (2) examine recovery of “disturbed” patches of egesta, and (3) test for effects on bacterial abundance, diversity and composition at spatial scales larger than individual fecal mounds. Field comparative studies in Lubec, Maine, were conducted to test for the effects of ingestion, and manipulative experiments were done to assess rates and mechanisms of recolonization of egesta. Bacterial assemblage attributes were followed using epifluorescence microscopy and DGGE analysis of 16S rDNA. Next we examined landscape-scale effects …
Excitation Of Sst Anomalies In The Eastern Equatorial Pacific By Oceanic Optimal Perturbations, Florian Sévellec, Alexey V. Fedorov
Excitation Of Sst Anomalies In The Eastern Equatorial Pacific By Oceanic Optimal Perturbations, Florian Sévellec, Alexey V. Fedorov
Journal of Marine Research
A generalized stability analysis is used to explore the excitation of sea-surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific by optimal initial perturbations in temperature and salinity within an ocean general circulation model. We find perturbations that can efficiently modify the SST of the Nino3 region with an approximately 9-month delay. The time interval between the end of March and mid-April is particularly favorable for these perturbations to cause subsequent changes in the eastern equatorial Pacific. This sensitivity is related to two critical factors: during the boreal spring Equinox the heat content of the western equatorial Pacific reaches its seasonal …
The Global Oceanic Freshwater Cycle: A State-Of-The-Art Quantification, J. J. Schanze, R. W. Schmitt, L. L. Yu
The Global Oceanic Freshwater Cycle: A State-Of-The-Art Quantification, J. J. Schanze, R. W. Schmitt, L. L. Yu
Journal of Marine Research
The current capabilities of quantifying the oceanic freshwater cycle are shown based on new observations from satellite data and re-analysis models for evaporation and precipitation over the ocean. For this purpose, we analyze the homogeneity and internal consistency of eight evaporation and seven precipitation products. Discontinuities are found around 1987 for all datasets, attributable to the launch of a microwave imaging satellite. Based on a review of comparisons with independent data and these analyses, the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and the Objectively Analyzed Ocean-Atmosphere Fluxes (OAFlux) evaporation product are combined with a state-of-the-art river discharge dataset to produce a …
From Centennial To Millennial Oscillation Of The Thermohaline Circulation, Florian Sévellec, Thierry Huck, Alain Colin De Verdière
From Centennial To Millennial Oscillation Of The Thermohaline Circulation, Florian Sévellec, Thierry Huck, Alain Colin De Verdière
Journal of Marine Research
The freshwater flux intensity is used as the main control parameter to destabilize the ThermoHaline Circulation (THC): as it increases, the classical bifurcation scenario, thermal stable steady state, millennial oscillation and haline stable steady state are reproduced in a 2D zonally-averaged ocean model under mixed boundary conditions. Both bifurcations arise through global bifurcations leading to an infinite period of the limit cycle. Here we highlight a centennial oscillation important for the instability of the thermal phase of the millennial oscillation and which could be considered as a precursor to the collapse of the THC. It is suggested that the existence …
Investigation Of The Physicochemical Features And Mixing Of East/Japan Sea Intermediate Water: An Isopycnic Analysis Approach, Il-Nam Kim, Dong-Ha Min, Dae Hyun Kim, Tongsup Lee
Investigation Of The Physicochemical Features And Mixing Of East/Japan Sea Intermediate Water: An Isopycnic Analysis Approach, Il-Nam Kim, Dong-Ha Min, Dae Hyun Kim, Tongsup Lee
Journal of Marine Research
We present spatial distributions of the mixing ratio and properties of the East/Japan Sea Intermediate Water (ESIW) at its core density layer (σθ = 27.2–27.3) based on high-quality hydrographic data observed in the East/Japan Sea (EJS) during summer 1999. ESIW is defined as a source water type showing minimum salinity and maximum dissolved oxygen concentration. ESIW plays an important role in supplying dissolved oxygen and transporting anthropogenic carbon into the intermediate/deep layers in EJS. Studying the ESIW formation and distribution processes may provide insights on EJS's shallow- to mid-depth thermohaline circulation and recent ocean changes. Here, we combine the …
Breaking Internal Waves And Turbulent Dissipation, S. A. Thorpe
Breaking Internal Waves And Turbulent Dissipation, S. A. Thorpe
Journal of Marine Research
We explore what might be discovered about the breaking of progressive internal waves and the consequent mixing by following some of the methodologies and techniques used to study surface wave breaking. It is suggested that breaking is most likely to occur in wave groups, where the wave field is locally amplified. In a stratified fluid of uniform buoyancy frequency, N, the breaking regions of internal wave groups extend in approximately horizontal directions. Two classes of breaking, “convective overturn” and “shear instability,” are possible in progressive internal waves propagating in uniform stratification with no mean shear. Convective overturning and associated …
On The Variability Of Gulf Stream Transport From Seasonal To Decadal Timescales, T. Rossby, C. Flagg, K. Donohue
On The Variability Of Gulf Stream Transport From Seasonal To Decadal Timescales, T. Rossby, C. Flagg, K. Donohue
Journal of Marine Research
Given the Gulf Stream's central role in the North Atlantic's wind-driven and meridional overturning circulation (MOC), there is considerable interest in measuring mass and heat flux to sufficient accuracy that their variability can be quantified with some degree of confidence. Here we combine high-resolution direct measurements of upper ocean transport from the last 17 years of Oleander ADCP data with previously published estimates of baroclinic transport to examine Gulf Stream transport variability over the last 80 years just downstream of where the current separates from the U.S. east coast.By far the greatest source of variability occurs on short time scales …
Mixing Rates Across The Gulf Stream, Part 2: Implications For Nonlocal Parameterization Of Vertical Fluxes In The Surface Boundary Layers, R. Inoue, R. R. Harcourt, M. C. Gregg
Mixing Rates Across The Gulf Stream, Part 2: Implications For Nonlocal Parameterization Of Vertical Fluxes In The Surface Boundary Layers, R. Inoue, R. R. Harcourt, M. C. Gregg
Journal of Marine Research
The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget of the surface mixed layer is evaluated at wintertime stations occupied in the vicinity of the strong Gulf Stream (GS) jet. The nonlocal K-profile parameterization (KPP) of vertical fluxes is combined with observed hydrography and meteorology to diagnose TKE production. This KPP-based production is averaged over the surface mixed layer and compared with corresponding averages of observed TKE dissipation rate from microstructure measurements, under assumptions of a homogeneous steady-state balance for the layer-averaged TKE budget. The KPP-based TKE production estimates exceed the mean observed boundary layer dissipation rates at occupied stations by up to …
Topography, Jets, And Eddy Mixing In The Southern Ocean, Jianhua Lu, Kevin Speer
Topography, Jets, And Eddy Mixing In The Southern Ocean, Jianhua Lu, Kevin Speer
Journal of Marine Research
The relation between topography, and the 3D structure of patchy eddy-induced mixing in the Southern Ocean is analyzed descriptively by applying diagnostic methods to output from the Southern Ocean State Estimate. A localized cumulative probability density function method is developed to verify the use of Nakamura's (2001) mixing efficiency in the ocean. Both methods reveal enhanced eddy mixing at mid-depths. The spatial pattern of the mid-depth enhancement of eddy mixing is primarily linked to the merging of multiple jets embedded in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current over topography. We suggest that enhanced eddy mixing over topography is due to locally enhanced …
Drifters In The Gulf Stream, G. G. Mcgrath, T. Rossby, J. T. Merrill
Drifters In The Gulf Stream, G. G. Mcgrath, T. Rossby, J. T. Merrill
Journal of Marine Research
In the past, the Gulf Stream has frequently been viewed as essentially a barrier between the Slope and Sargasso seas. On the other hand, surface drifters have often been observed to leave the stream to the south. To gain a better understanding of surface flow of the Gulf Stream, we used drifter trajectory data to study their drift east and patterns of loss from the current. Two sets of drifter data were used, one from the 1995–1999 Georges Bank GLOBEC program and the other from the Global Drifter Program. We also made use of atmospheric wind stress estimates from a …
When And Why Does Bioturbation Lead To Diffusive Mixing?, Filip J. R. Meysman, Bernard P. Boudreau, Jack J. Middelburg
When And Why Does Bioturbation Lead To Diffusive Mixing?, Filip J. R. Meysman, Bernard P. Boudreau, Jack J. Middelburg
Journal of Marine Research
Bioturbation in aquatic sediments results from many different biological activities, inducing particle displacement over a variety of length and time scales. Despite this inherent complexity, empirical tracer studies show that bioturbational mixing is often well described by a simple diffusive model. To resolve this apparent contradiction between biological complexity and modeling simplicity, we present an investigation into the diffusive nature of bioturbation. To this end, we examine a stochastic description of bioturbation, where particle mixing is described as a sequence of random bioturbation events. Particle movement is governed by three basic variables: the direction of jumping, the jumping distance, and …
South Atlantic Mass Transports Obtained From Subsurface Float And Hydrographic Data, Regina R. Rodrigues, Mark Wimbush, D. Randolph Watts, Lewis M. Rothstein, Michel Ollitrault
South Atlantic Mass Transports Obtained From Subsurface Float And Hydrographic Data, Regina R. Rodrigues, Mark Wimbush, D. Randolph Watts, Lewis M. Rothstein, Michel Ollitrault
Journal of Marine Research
Mean total (barotropic + baroclinic) mass transports of the oceanic top 1000 dbar are estimated for two regions of the South Atlantic between 18°S and 47°S. These transports are obtained by using Gravest Empirical Mode (GEM) fields calculated from historical hydrography with temperature and position data from quasi-isobaric subsurface floats deployed from 1992 through 2001. The float-GEM-estimated total mass transports reveal a Brazil Current with a southward flow of 20.9 Sv at 30°S and 46 Sv at 35°S (1 Sverdrup, Sv = 106 m3 s–1). Two recirculation cells are identified in the southwest corner of the …
Sea Ice Melt And Meteoric Water Distributions In Nares Strait, Baffin Bay, And The Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Matthew B. Alkire, Kelly K. Falkner, Timothy Boyd, Robie W. Macdonald
Sea Ice Melt And Meteoric Water Distributions In Nares Strait, Baffin Bay, And The Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Matthew B. Alkire, Kelly K. Falkner, Timothy Boyd, Robie W. Macdonald
Journal of Marine Research
Sea ice melt (SIM), meteoric water (river runoff net precipitation), and Pacific seawater contributions to the upper waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), Nares Strait, and Baffin Bay during late summer 1997 and 2003 are estimated from salinity, δ18O, and nutrient data. Salinity-δ18O relationships within the study area suggest that the CAA inherits a net sea-ice formation (brine) signal from the Arctic Ocean. Inherited brine complicates the estimation of local contributions from sea ice melt and glacial runoff, especially where a significant component of the surface water derives from Arctic outflow. Our data are characterized …
Flicker Mitigation Strategy For Dfigs During Variable Wind Conditions, Lasantha Meegahapola, Brendan Fox, Damian Flynn
Flicker Mitigation Strategy For Dfigs During Variable Wind Conditions, Lasantha Meegahapola, Brendan Fox, Damian Flynn
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
This paper presents a flicker mitigation scheme for the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) during variable wind conditions. The flicker mitigation strategy was developed based on the distribution line X/R ratio and the active power deviation from the average active power during variable wind conditions. Flicker emission was analyzed using a flicker meter based on the IEC standards. Both short-term and long-term flicker severities were analyzed during the time period of study. The flicker mitigation strategy was evaluated under different system conditions such as X/R ratio, distribution line length, shortcircuit capacity (SCC), and wind variability. It is shown that the proposed …
Renewable Energy And The Neighbors, Troy A. Rule
Renewable Energy And The Neighbors, Troy A. Rule
Faculty Publications
Small wind turbines and rooftop solar panels are a highly attractive energy option, capable of generating clean, renewable power without the need for transmission lines across vast stretches of rural land. State and federal incentive programs have made these devices increasingly affordable for landowners in recent years, generating an unprecedented level of interest in “distributed” renewable energy.Unfortunately, small wind turbines and solar panels are often far less attractive in the eyes of neighbors, who fear that the systems will erode neighborhood aesthetics and property values. Despite aggressive state and federal programs aimed at promoting renewable energy systems, land use controls …
Influences Of Wind And Sandblasting On The Endangered Blowout Penstemon, James Stubbendieck, Cheryl D. Dunn, Heidi L. Hillhouse, L. M. Landholt
Influences Of Wind And Sandblasting On The Endangered Blowout Penstemon, James Stubbendieck, Cheryl D. Dunn, Heidi L. Hillhouse, L. M. Landholt
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Blowout penstemon Penstemon haydenii is a federally endangered species growing only in areas with active wind erosion in sand dunes of the central United States. This early seral species declines as the blowout habitat stabilizes, allowing later seral species to increase. Blowout penstemon populations and plant size declined in the 1990s when precipitation was higher than normal, resulting in reduced sand movement. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to determine whether blowing sand influenced vigor and persistence of blowout penstemon seedlings. Treatments were wind, sandblasting, wind with sandblasting, and a control. The wind treatment was a constant 14 km h–1 …
Dynamic Response Analysis Of The Rotating Blade Of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Xiong Liu, Xianmin Zhang, Gangqiang Li, Yan Chen, Zhiquan Ye
Dynamic Response Analysis Of The Rotating Blade Of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Xiong Liu, Xianmin Zhang, Gangqiang Li, Yan Chen, Zhiquan Ye
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
This paper presents a dynamic response analysis of the blade of horizontal axis wind turbines using finite element method. The blade is treated as a cantilever and modeled with two-node beam element. The blade element-momentum theory is applied to calculate the aerodynamic loads. Dynamic inflow and dynamic stall are taken into account to reflect the transient aerodynamics. The centrifugal stiffening is introduced to consider the restoring effects of centrifugal force. An aerodynamic damping model is presented for calculating the overall damping ratio instantaneously during time-domain simulation. The structural dynamic equation is solved using Newmark method and the overall dynamic response …
Sustaining Rural Economies With Wind Development, Eric J. Van Oss
Sustaining Rural Economies With Wind Development, Eric J. Van Oss
CMC Senior Theses
This paper discusses the effects of wind development in rural areas. Areas of focus include: direct job creation, indirect job creation, tax revenue and government policies. The effects of state and federal renewable energy policies are discussed and well as the impacts to rural economies.
Daily Flight Timing And Movement Strategies Of Migrating Landbirds: Importance Of Local Wind Patterns, Bethany Gloria Thurber
Daily Flight Timing And Movement Strategies Of Migrating Landbirds: Importance Of Local Wind Patterns, Bethany Gloria Thurber
Digitized Theses
Although weather variation is known to affect migratory behaviours of landbirds, the specific effects of winds on flight timing and orientation at ecological barriers are not well understand. To assess seasonal effects of winds on flight timing at Long Point, Ontario, I compared estimates of daily arrival and departure to nocturnal radar counts. Landfall occurred later on nights with unfavourable versus favourable winds, and later on nights in spring versus fall. Daily arrival was positively associated with radar counts on nights with NE and SW winds, but variably associated otherwise. Departure timing could not be assessed. To investigate effects of …