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- 3-Butanedione monoxime (1)
- ATPase; actin filaments; intracellular trafficking; Myosin; Snc1; time-lapse images; Vps10 (1)
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- Bietti’s crystalline dystrophy (1)
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- Biopolymer cytotoxicity (1)
- Bluegill (1)
- Bradyrhizobium (1)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
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Effect Of Marketing Through Value Added And Video Sales On Feeder Cattle Prices, Amanda Trotter
Effect Of Marketing Through Value Added And Video Sales On Feeder Cattle Prices, Amanda Trotter
MSU Graduate Theses
Feeder cattle marketing opportunities for producers in Missouri continue to expand. Missouri ranks within the top ten U.S. States in beef cow inventory and is a major feeder calf exporter. Selecting the appropriate marketing opportunity can have a dramatic impact on the income of the cattle producer. Feeder cattle marketing opportunities include value-added program sales, video auctions, as well as the traditional live cattle auction. A long-term study comparing these marketing opportunities in a single livestock market in Missouri has not been conducted. The objective of this study is to analyze cattle characteristics that can influence market price in feeder …
Determining A Method For Expressing And Purifying Cytochrome P450 4v2: A Protein Involved In Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy, Cody Lane Turner
Determining A Method For Expressing And Purifying Cytochrome P450 4v2: A Protein Involved In Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy, Cody Lane Turner
MSU Graduate Theses
Within the Cytochrome P450 class of enzymes, there are a group known as the “orphan” cytochromes. The “orphan” classification comes from the poorly understood in vivo functionality and substrate specificity. Cytochrome P450 4V2 (CYP4V2) is one of these “orphans” and belongs to the CYP4 family. The CYP4 family is known for the omega oxidation of endogenous fatty acids. This family is most commonly found on chromosome 1 (CYP4ABXZ). CYP4V2 is unique in that its location is bound to chromosome 4 as discovered by Jiao in 2004. Mutations within the CYP4V2 gene have been associated with the …
The Role Of Rna Editing Within Calcium-Dependent Activator For Secretion 1 In Large Dense Core Vesicle Fusion, Kaylee M. Mathiason
The Role Of Rna Editing Within Calcium-Dependent Activator For Secretion 1 In Large Dense Core Vesicle Fusion, Kaylee M. Mathiason
MSU Graduate Theses
Calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion 1 (CAPS1) is involved in synaptic vesicle and large dense core vesicle fusion by bridging vesicles and the plasma membrane prior to vesicle fusion and cargo release. CAPS1 is subject to a post-transcriptional modification called RNA editing. RNA editing recodes a single amino acid in the region of the protein that interacts with the vesicle. This recoding event within CAPS1 has cellular consequences in neurons where edited CAPS1 overexpression increases basal secretion from neural synaptic vesicles. Our goal was to investigate how RNA editing within CAPS1 affects large dense core vesicle secretion in an insulinoma …
Fish And Macroinvertebrate Response To Restoration And Conservation Efforts, Madison C. Cogar
Fish And Macroinvertebrate Response To Restoration And Conservation Efforts, Madison C. Cogar
MSU Graduate Theses
Fish and macroinvertebrate response to restoration and conservation efforts varies in regards to the size and structure of the system (e.g. headwater streams in WV versus large rivers such as the Mississippi River). This project reviews fish and macroinvertebrate rebound in treated acid mine drainage (AMD) streams in WV as well as macroinvertebrate drift patterns in the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. AMD is a product of a chemical reaction resulting in an acidic water outflow from mining sites, which may harm aquatic life. As a response, passive AMD treatment systems have been installed. I tested the effectiveness of remediation by …
Prospects For Enhancing The Market For Goat Meat Products: Analysis Of The 2019 Goat Meat Survey, Ashton M. Light
Prospects For Enhancing The Market For Goat Meat Products: Analysis Of The 2019 Goat Meat Survey, Ashton M. Light
MSU Graduate Theses
The objective of this study was to identify goat meat product attributes and sociodemographic drivers of consumers’ willingness to buy to goat meat products. To do so the study used a nationwide consumer survey on goat meat preferences. A binary logit model was used to examine the factors affecting willingness to buy. Results show that gender, age, region, primary shopper, and product attribute preference for quality, price, leanness, cholesterol, and freshness significantly affect consumer willingness to buy goat sausage, jerky, burger, and patties.
Spatial Use By Mammals Within Two State Parks In The Ozarks National Scenic Riverways, Benjamin Aaron Smith
Spatial Use By Mammals Within Two State Parks In The Ozarks National Scenic Riverways, Benjamin Aaron Smith
MSU Graduate Theses
A mammalian species inventory with comparisons between sampled sites was conducted via multiple methodologies to document presence of mammals at two Missouri state parks within the Ozark National Scenic Riverways. Camera traps, small mammal traps, acoustic detectors, and mist nets were used to detect species at the parks, and species similarity indices and occupancy analyses were used to discern use of space. A mammalian inventory was compiled for each area of inquiry. Greater diversity was found at the park with more variable habitat types. Bat activity was more in the park with a known hibernaculum, though species specific activity differed …
Predictors Of Student Success In An Upper Division Agriculture Chemistry Class, Maddison V. May
Predictors Of Student Success In An Upper Division Agriculture Chemistry Class, Maddison V. May
MSU Graduate Theses
To attempt to find what made students successful within a higher division class at Missouri State University’s (MSU) Darr College of Agriculture, de-identified academic records of 172 students enrolled in AGR 300 - Food and Agriculture Chemistry were studied over four semesters. Deidentified data were collected and compared to final letter grade received at the end of the class using correlation coefficients, analysis of variance, and stepwise regression. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the influence of semester on letter grade. Correlation coefficients were used to determine and evaluate relationships between the variables and final grade. Stepwise regression was …
Larval Fish Sampling And Scaphirhynchus Sturgeon Drift Dynamics In The Mississippi And Missouri Rivers, Hae Hyun Kim
Larval Fish Sampling And Scaphirhynchus Sturgeon Drift Dynamics In The Mississippi And Missouri Rivers, Hae Hyun Kim
MSU Graduate Theses
Humans have been altering the natural ecosystem for centuries. These alterations provide many socioeconomic benefits (e.g., navigation and flood-control). However, these alterations can have negative ecological consequences. Large rivers across the country have been manipulated to facilitate various human activities. Rivers are dynamic systems governed by various abiotic and biotic factors. Ultimately these alterations change the natural biogeochemical cycles and reduce available habitats. These impacts likely affect riverine fishes’ ability to carry out their lifecycle. Riverine organisms, and particularly fish, have adapted to survive in free-flowing systems. Population dynamics (i.e., recruitment, growth and mortality) are the basis of fisheries management. …
Multifaceted Mechanism Of Vps1 Mediated Endosome-To-Golgi Fusion In Vitro, Ehsan Suez
Multifaceted Mechanism Of Vps1 Mediated Endosome-To-Golgi Fusion In Vitro, Ehsan Suez
MSU Graduate Theses
To maintain cell homeostasis, protein recycling through intracellular membrane fusion is an important cellular process. Both Vps1 and Ypt6 have been implicated in protein recycling from the endosome to the trans-Golgi Network (TGN). SNARE proteins are thought to be the key regulator in this membrane fusion mediated protein recycling mechanism. I studied membrane fusion events by incorporating purified proteins into liposomes. A series of data suggest that high concentration of SNARE proteins inhibits fusion unlike the opposite popular notion. Also, the data suggests that Vps1 acts on membrane fusion dynamics in a manner that lower concentrations of Vps1 enhance …
Synthesis, Characterization, And Biological Studies Of Novel Organoantimony(V) Cyanoximates, Kevin Anthony Pinks
Synthesis, Characterization, And Biological Studies Of Novel Organoantimony(V) Cyanoximates, Kevin Anthony Pinks
MSU Graduate Theses
The requirement of new antimicrobial treatments has become an urgent field recently. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are now resistant to common antibiotics. To antagonize such bacteria 8 novel organoantimony(V) cyanoximates were synthesized to be characterized and submitted for biological activity studies. Eight organoantimony(V) cyanoximates were characterized by elemental analysis, thermal analysis, IR-, 13C{1H} NMR, some with UV-visible spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray analysis. Antimicrobial Disk studies indicated Sb(Ph)4(ACO) and Sb(Ph)4(ECO) had significant antimicrobial effect against all three strains: two gram-negative a) Escherichia coli strain S17 and b) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1, alongside a …
Psychometric Analysis Of A 9-Item M-Hooked-On Nicotine Checklist For Vaping Among College Students, Joshua B. Devine
Psychometric Analysis Of A 9-Item M-Hooked-On Nicotine Checklist For Vaping Among College Students, Joshua B. Devine
MSU Graduate Theses
Background: Adolescent participation in electronic vapor products (EVP) is on the rise and with it many new health concerns present themselves. EVP use tripled among high school and middle school students from 2013-2014 and has continued to grow. Previous nicotine related studies have shown that the earlier the age of initiation to nicotine, the higher likelihood to develop a nicotine dependence. Methods: Using the “Hooked on Nicotine Checklist” (HONC) current rates of nicotine dependence among college students at a southwest Missouri university was assessed. One hundred and fifty-six students were recruited from a KIN 210 class as a convenience sample. …
Application Of Carbon Nanoparticles As Dna Detection Probe And Fluorescent Ink, Luckio Frank Owuocha
Application Of Carbon Nanoparticles As Dna Detection Probe And Fluorescent Ink, Luckio Frank Owuocha
MSU Graduate Theses
There is a significant interest in developing a sensitive, selective, efficient, and inexpensive method for rapid molecular diagnostic tests. This research aims to develop an inexpensive nucleic acid detection method by using DNA-conjugated carbon nanoparticles that exhibit fluorescence in the visible region. Carbon nanoparticles of this class can be detected without specialized equipment and have great promise toward the development of analytical methods that can be used in resource-limited environments with a lack of access to proper diagnostic and healthcare. We employed EDC-NHS (two-step) and EDC (one-step) coupling techniques to prepare DNA-conjugated carbon nanoparticles. The dot blotting method was adapted …
Population Structure And Habitat Use Of Bluegill In The Upper Mississippi River, Ethan Allyn Rutledge
Population Structure And Habitat Use Of Bluegill In The Upper Mississippi River, Ethan Allyn Rutledge
MSU Graduate Theses
Fish populations are driven by the dynamic rate functions (i.e., recruitment, growth, and mortality). Knowledge of these vital rates can provide critical information to determine spatiotemporal population-level changes in the system. Therefore, understanding these vital rates are important in the proper management of any fishery. Anthropogenic modifications to the environment have had damaging effects on the organisms within these ecosystems. Specific to Upper Mississippi River fishes, channelization, dams, and loss of floodplain connectivity have all been purported as deleterious. In the face of these modifications, understanding habitat use and vital rates of individual species is needed to help guide management …
Investigating Chitosan Modified With Triethylammonium Butanamide And Triethylphosphonium Butanamide As Non-Viral Gene Delivery Vectors By Examining Cytotoxicity And Transfection Efficiency, Deborah C. Ehie
MSU Graduate Theses
Gene therapy is a very challenging field, especially with new emerging genetic disorders. Chitosan (CS), due to chitosan’s flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, has been of interest in the world of gene therapy especially as researchers are gravitating towards non-viral vectors due to the problems caused by viral vectors. Nevertheless, there are still issues regarding solubility, cellular uptake of cargos being transported in vitro or in vivo, increased cytotoxicity levels, as well as many other things that prevent chitosan from being an efficient gene delivery agent. Here I present five derivatives of chitosan, which were all modified with either triethylphosphonium …
Gear Specific Catch Rates And Population Dynamics Of Channel Catfish In The Mississippi River, Colby Gainer
Gear Specific Catch Rates And Population Dynamics Of Channel Catfish In The Mississippi River, Colby Gainer
MSU Graduate Theses
Perpetual anthropogenic alterations have imposed deleterious effects on aquatic ecosystems. In the Mississippi River, channelization, dams, and loss of floodplain connectivity have all been reputed as detrimental. Dynamic rate functions (i.e., recruitment, growth, and mortality) are the driving forces behind fish populations. Understanding population dynamics is important for guiding management decisions. Knowledge of vital rates can provide pivotal information that will determine spatiotemporal population-level changes within the system. In the Mississippi River, Channel Catfish are a commercially and recreationally important species. However, limited population demographic information currently exists in the Upper Mississippi River. We sought to determine the most effective …
Population Surveys And Health Assessments Of Captive And Free-Ranging Alligator Snapping Turtles, Samantha Louise Hannabass
Population Surveys And Health Assessments Of Captive And Free-Ranging Alligator Snapping Turtles, Samantha Louise Hannabass
MSU Graduate Theses
Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) have experienced range-wide declines primarily due to overharvest for the meat market and habitat degradation in the form of damming and channelization of rivers. Head-start programs and reintroduction efforts have been initiated to release individuals throughout their historic range. Before releasing Alligator Snapping Turtles, sites need to be assessed to determine the suitability of habitat, if there is a robust turtle community already present, and the causes of the original extirpation have been eliminated. I assessed the turtle communities and documented anthropogenic impacts (e.g. boat traffic) at nine possible reintroduction sites in southeastern …
Methods To Identify And Assess Suitability Of Reintroduction Sites For The Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys Temminckii), Kameron C. Voves
Methods To Identify And Assess Suitability Of Reintroduction Sites For The Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys Temminckii), Kameron C. Voves
MSU Graduate Theses
Reintroduction has been employed as a management strategy to combat population declines of the Alligator Snapping Turtle. The suitability of previous reintroduction sites was determined by researchers with years of experience in Alligator Snapping Turtle biology, following detection surveys and a visual habitat assessment. I developed methods that will facilitate the assessment of suitable release sites. First, I investigated the amount of effort needed to detect Alligator Snapping Turtles during surveys, then I compared methods to quantify submerged deadwood (a key habitat feature), and finally, I developed a standardized field survey and habitat suitability model that can be used to …
The Effects Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles On The Growth And Development Of Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moenech, Adam Gregory Shoemaker
The Effects Of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles On The Growth And Development Of Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moenech, Adam Gregory Shoemaker
MSU Graduate Theses
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have seen a drastic increase in their use over the past decade in various consumer products. ENPs will therefore enter terrestrial ecosystems and soils with increasing frequencies, yet research into the effects of ENPs on living organisms and crops is greatly lacking. Currently, there is only one major study reported on the effects of a single ENP, silver quantum dots, on Sorghum bicolor, the 5th largest crop in the world. I examined the effects of a commonly used metal oxide nanoparticle, titanium dioxide (TiO2), on the growth and development of sorghum grown in …
Effect Of Silver And Cadmium Nanoparticles On Endocytosis And Protein Recycling In Yeast, Lakshmi Sravya Rallabandi
Effect Of Silver And Cadmium Nanoparticles On Endocytosis And Protein Recycling In Yeast, Lakshmi Sravya Rallabandi
MSU Graduate Theses
Endocytosis is a highly regulated process crucial for recycling of plasma membrane proteins and lipids. Derailments in this trafficking pathway pose threat to normal functioning of somatic cells. Engineered nanoparticles are used extensively in industry due to unique physicochemical properties. However, these nanoparticles, at high concentrations are known to create toxic effects on biological tissues. With this recent information, I investigated the potential toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and cadmium selenium/zinc sulfide (CdSe/ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) on liquid phase endocytosis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. My data provided evidence that treatment of yeast cells with AgNP and CdSe/ZnS QDs resulted …
Prevalence, Genetic Relationships, And Quantity Of Grapevine Vein Clearing Virus In Aphis Illinoisenesis, Adam Louis Uhls
Prevalence, Genetic Relationships, And Quantity Of Grapevine Vein Clearing Virus In Aphis Illinoisenesis, Adam Louis Uhls
MSU Graduate Theses
Grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV) is an emerging pathogen causing severe damage to cultivated grapevines in the Midwest area of the United States. The prevalence of GVCV has been reported in native Vitis spp. and Ampelopsis cordata, a close relative of vitis in the Vitaceae family, which act as a reservoir for the virus. GVCV can be transmitted from wild A. cordata to Vitis spp. by Aphis illinoisensis (grape aphids) under greenhouse conditions, but the prevalence and transmission in native populations remains unknown. Knowing the prevalence and diversity of GVCV variants in natural grape aphid populations would help monitor …
Investigation Of The Individual Soybean Root Nodule Microbiome, Parris Mica Mayhood
Investigation Of The Individual Soybean Root Nodule Microbiome, Parris Mica Mayhood
MSU Graduate Theses
Soybean is a valuable crop that establishes a symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Previous research suggests members of the genus Bradyrhizobium are the major nitrogen-fixing inhabitants of soybean root nodules. However, results from recent studies identified the presence of other bacteria, so called non-rhizobial endophytes (NREs), inside root nodules. All previous research has pooled nodules of different plants for bacterial community analysis, but this study investigated the presence and relative abundance of rhizobia and NREs within multiple root nodules of a single plant. Three sites were selected on Kendrick Farm in Springfield, MO, where three plants and rhizosphere soil were …
Dragonflies And Damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) As Indicators For Riparian Condition In Ozark Spring Streams, Cameron Riley Cheri
Dragonflies And Damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) As Indicators For Riparian Condition In Ozark Spring Streams, Cameron Riley Cheri
MSU Graduate Theses
The Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) are often ineffectively sampled during standard stream bioassessments in North America. Subsequently, odonates are not frequently regarded as informative taxa for stream assessment, particularly when monitoring the ecological impacts of organic pollution. I hypothesized that stream-dwelling odonates should be more useful bioindicators for the assessment of riparian conditions surrounding streams because vegetation associated with streams is used for oviposition, roosting and to establish breeding territories. I selected twelve Ozark spring streams that satisfied a broad array of riparian conditions for study. I sampled each stream’s odonate and total benthic community along with both instream and …
Elucidating The Developmental Defects In Zebrafish Associated With The Cardiac Drug Verapamil, Blake Stephan Justis
Elucidating The Developmental Defects In Zebrafish Associated With The Cardiac Drug Verapamil, Blake Stephan Justis
MSU Graduate Theses
Birth defects are abnormalities in a developing organism that lead to a malformation in structure or function. Over half of birth defects have no determined cause; however, known causes occur by genetic anomalies, exposure to environmental agents (a.k.a. teratogens), or multifactorial reasons. To explain the unknown causes of birth defects, an area of focus in this study is to identify potential teratogens. Identifying these teratogens, is key to preventing future birth defects. An obvious source of teratogens in pregnant women would be that of pharmaceuticals. Thus, a main goal of this study is to identify drugs that cause birth defects. …
Habitat Selection And Host Detection In The Salamander Mussel, Simpsonaias Ambigua, Eric A. Stegmann
Habitat Selection And Host Detection In The Salamander Mussel, Simpsonaias Ambigua, Eric A. Stegmann
MSU Graduate Theses
The native freshwater mussels, Order Unionida, have suffered many species extinctions and loss of abundance. Two important threats to native mussels are loss of habitat and loss of access to the vertebrate hosts of the parasitic mussel larvae. The Salamander mussel, Simpsonaias ambigua, is a habitat specialist, living under flat rocks. It is often found in direct association with its only known host, the common mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus. This association could result from movement and habitat selection by the mussels themselves. Alternatively, it might result from the deposition of juveniles by a resident host. Habitat selection and host …
Novel Cyanoximates As An Alternative In Cancer Chemotherapy, Kafayat Aderonke Yusuf
Novel Cyanoximates As An Alternative In Cancer Chemotherapy, Kafayat Aderonke Yusuf
MSU Graduate Theses
Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatment plans for several cancer types. The recurrent side effects derived from chemotherapy agents have warranted the search for novel chemical compounds with better efficacy and minimal side effects. In line with this idea, I investigated effects of a group of newly synthesized metal based chemical compounds called cyanoximates on HeLa human cancer cells. Cyanoximates used were Pt(DECO)2, Pt(MCO)2, and Pd(DECO)2 along with the chemotherapy drug cisplatin as a positive control. I found that the metal cyanoximates reduced cell viability via apoptosis, and that Pt(DECO)2 was most …
Myosin V-Mediated Cargo Traffic Toward The Trans-Golgi Network And Myosin V Implications In Snc1 Exocytosis, Vy Ngoc Khanh Nguyen
Myosin V-Mediated Cargo Traffic Toward The Trans-Golgi Network And Myosin V Implications In Snc1 Exocytosis, Vy Ngoc Khanh Nguyen
MSU Graduate Theses
Retrieval of cargo proteins from the endosome towards the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a crucial intracellular process for cellular homeostasis. Its dysfunction is associated with pathogenesis of Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases. Myosin family proteins are cellular motors walking along actin filaments by utilizing the chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis, known to involve in pleiotropic cellular trafficking pathways. However, the question of whether myosins play a role in the trafficking of Snc1 and Vps10 has not been addressed yet. The present study assesses the potential roles of all five yeast myosins in the recycling of two membrane cargo, Snc1 and …
Impact Of Storage Temperature On Viability Of Microbial Inoculum For Estimating In Vitro Equine Digestibility, Delaney Brenne O'Donnell
Impact Of Storage Temperature On Viability Of Microbial Inoculum For Estimating In Vitro Equine Digestibility, Delaney Brenne O'Donnell
MSU Graduate Theses
This study evaluated the effect of storage temperature of equine fecal material on the viability of microbial inoculum used for in vitro equine digestibility trials. Fecal material was stored at four storage temperatures of 39°C for 15 minutes (control), 22°C for 6h, 3°C for 6h, and -18°C for 24h. Stored fecal material was used to form microbial inoculum for use in an Ankom Daisy II Incubator. Six different forage samples were digested in the Ankom Daisy II Incubator to evaluate interactions between storage condition of microbial inoculum and chemical composition of digested forage samples. After determination of dry matter digestibility …
Optimal Calving Time For Beef Cows In Southwest Missouri, Briana Rose Verploeg
Optimal Calving Time For Beef Cows In Southwest Missouri, Briana Rose Verploeg
MSU Graduate Theses
The purpose of this study is to determine if a optimal time of year exists for beef producers to have cows give birth in southwest Missouri for maximal net returns from calf sales and increased cow reproductive performance. To make this determination, data were collected which included year-round forage nutritive value, calf pre-weaning growth, cow energy efficiency and reproductive performance, and income and cost values. Cow and calf field data were gathered for the 2014-2018 production years at Missouri State University’s Leo Journagan Ranch. Monthly forage samples were collected from study cow pastures from 2016 through 2018. Calf, cull cow, …
Alternative Production Practices And The Role Of Consumer Choice: Willingness-To-Pay Analyses, Amanda P. Wecker
Alternative Production Practices And The Role Of Consumer Choice: Willingness-To-Pay Analyses, Amanda P. Wecker
MSU Graduate Theses
Production choice is often viewed as driven by the resources and methods known to the producers. However, recent discussions focus on the other factors leading to production choice such as consumer preference, measured by factors such as willingness to pay (Tait, Saunders, Guenther, and Rutherford, 2016). This study evaluates the role of diet preference and age in driving a consumer’s willingness to pay for food produced with specific method. The data analyzed are from the 2016 U.S. Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability (LOHAS) Consumer survey. A total of 1042 individuals were asked whether they were willing to pay 10% more …
The Effects Of An Applied Phyllosphere-Microbiome On Gas Exchange And Growth Of Soybean Infected With Pseudomonas Syringae: Harnessing The Power Of The Microbiome, Charles Agbavor
MSU Graduate Theses
The microbiome is an important determinant of plant health, growth and resistance to stress. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of the phyllosphere-microbiome on managing Pseudomonas syringae pv. Glycinea (Psg), gas exchange and growth of Glycine max L. Merrill. A greenhouse study was conducted in the summer of 2019. A field isolated and cultured soybean phyllosphere-microbiome was applied to purposely infected and uninfected soybean. Gas exchange, Psg density, chlorophyll concentrations, and percent nitrogen and carbon in the leaves were measured during the V3-V6 stages of soybean. Not surprisingly, there was a two-fold reduction in copies of Pseudomonas …