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Patient Self-Management: Tools And Barriers, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Dennis J. Baumgardner, MD

In his issue introduction, the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews comments on the theme of patient self-management of chronic diseases and the related articles published therein. Illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, epilepsy, arthritis, asthma, and obesity often require patients to administer their own medication daily or adhere to strict dietary restrictions. Progress is being made on the process of implementation and evaluation of patient self-management tools in primary care practices. Barriers to self-management tool implementations in clinics, as well as their use by individual patients, must be understood and addressed.

Organizational Culture Change In A Texas Hospital, Alberto Coustasse-Hencke M.D., M.B.A., M.P.H.

Alberto Coustasse, DrPH, MD, MBA, MPH

Coustasse-Hencke, Alberto, MD, MBA, MPH, Organizational Culture Change in a Texas Hospital. Doctor of Public Health (Health Behavior), June 2004, 329 pp., 11 tables, 8 illustrations, bibliography, 198 titles. The purpose of this research was to analyze a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach in a Texas hospital with a main focus in Patient Satisfaction (PS), and to measure organizational change and its impact on PS. This dissertation also applied a "Shared Vision" of the organization as the central process in bringing forth the knowledge shared by members of the community hospital who were both subjects and research participants. The development of …

The Effectiveness Of Needle Exchange Programs In The United States And West Virginia, Margie J. Phillips, Alberto Coustasse, Sara Johnson, Briana Washington

Alberto Coustasse, DrPH, MD, MBA, MPH

Needle Exchange Programs (NEPs) have been controversial aspects of public health care due to conflicting beliefs and opinions for public policies. NEPs have allowed Injection Drug Users the ability to exchange their used equipment for clean, unused supplies. Research into the effectiveness of needle exchange programs and the impact it has had on the reduction of HIV and viral hepatitis infections in people who inject drugs. Injection Drug Users have accounted for 10% of HIV transmission cases in West Virginia, and this state has been ranked as the highest in the whole United States for incidents of Hepatitis C. NEPs …

Rural Breast Cancer Patients And Survivors Perspectives Using Online Health Resources, Julie W. Merten, Kim Walsh-Childers, Lakeisha Rodman, Mary Ellen Young, Natalie Birchwood

Julie Merten

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women, with over 2.5 million breast cancer survivors in the United States. These patients, survivors and their loved ones use the Internet to find information about breast cancer, search for treatment options and connect with support groups. For women in medically underserved areas, especially rural areas, the Internet could be one of their only sources of information.
Objective: The study investigates rural breast cancer patients’ and survivors’ motivations to seek online information, ability to use the Internet as a health information source, barriers to finding the information they …

Pharmacist Recommendations For Adolescent Smoking Cessation: Results From A Delphi Study, Jessica L. King, Jamie L. Pomeranz, Mary Ellen Young, Julie W. Merten

Julie Merten

While pharmacological and behavioral treatments exist for smoking cessation, there are currently no best practices for helping adolescents quit smoking. This study aimed to reach consensus regarding pharmacist recommendations for adolescent smoking cessation. Using a three-round Delphi technique, pharmacists across the USA with experience working with adolescent substance use provided quantitative and qualitative feedback on recommendations. Forty pharmacists completed Round 1, 37 completed Rounds 2 and 3. In Round 1, 36 (90%) responses included the nicotine patch, gum, or lozenge. Ten recommendations were identified in Round 1: nicotine patch, nicotine gum, nicotine lozenge, bupropion SR, varenicline, quitline, smoking cessation program, …

Global, Regional, And National Incidence, Prevalence, And Years Lived With Disability For 310 Diseases And Injuries, 1990--2015: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2015, Theo Vos, Christine Allen, Megha Arora, Ryan M. Barber, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Alexandria Brown, Austin Carter, Daniel C. Casey, Fiona J. Charlson, Alan Z. Chen, Megan Coggeshall, Leslie Cornaby, Lalit Dandona, Daniel J. Dicker, Tina Dilegge, Holly E. Erskine, Alize J. Ferrari, Christina Fitzmaurice, Tom Fleming, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Nancy Fullman, Peter W. Gething, Ellen M. Goldberg, Nicholas Graetz, Juanita A. Haagsma, Simon I. Hay, Catherine O. Johnson, Nicholas J. Kassebaum, Toana Kawashima, Laura Kemmer, Ibrahim A. Khalil, Yohannes Kinfu, Hmwe H. Kyu, Janni Leung, Xiaofeng Liang, Stephen S. Lim, Alan D. Lopez, Rafael Lozano, Laurie Marczak, George A. Mensah, Ali H. Mokdad, Mohsen Naghavi, Grant Nguyen, Elaine Nsoesie, Helen Olsen, David M. Pigott, Christine Pinho, Zane Rankin, Nikolas Reinig, Joshua A. Salomon, Logan Sandar, Alison Smith, Jeffrey Stanaway, Caitlyn Steiner, Stephanie Teeple, Bernadette A. Thomas, Christopher Troeger, Joseph A. Wagner, Haidong Wang, Valentine Wanga, Harvey A. Whiteford, Leo Zoeckler, Amanuel Alemu Abajobir, Kalkidan Hassen, Cristiana Abbafati, Kaja M. Abbas, Foad Abd-Allah, Biju Abraham, Ibrahim Abubakar, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh, Ilana N. Ackerman, Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi, Zanfina Ademi, Arsène Kouablan Adou, Kossivi Agbelenko Afanvi, Emilie Elisabet Agardh, Arnav Agarwal, Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri, Hamid Ahmadieh, Oluremi N. Ajala, Rufus Olusola Akinyemi, Nadia Akseer, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khurshid Alam, Noore K. M. Alam, Saleh Fahed Aldhahri, Miguel Angel Alegretti, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Lily T. Alexander, Samia Alhabib, Raghib Ali, Ala'a Alkerwi, François Alla, Peter Allebeck, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Ubai Alsharif, Khalid A. Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Azmeraw T. Amare, Alemayehu Amberbir, Heresh Amini, Walid Ammar, Stephen Marc Amrock, Hjalte H. Andersen, Gregory M. Anderson, Benjamin O. Anderson, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Atsede Fantahun Aregay, Johan Ärnlöv, Al Artaman, Hamid Asayesh, Reza Assadi, Suleman Atique, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur Avokpaho, Ashish Awasthi, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Peter Azzopardi, Umar Bacha, Alaa Badawi, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Amitava Banerjee, Aleksandra Barac, Suzanne L. Barker-Collo, Till Bärnighausen, Lars Barregard, Lope H. Barrero, Arindam Basu, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Ettore Beghi, Brent Bell, Michelle L. Bell, Derrick A. Bennett, Isabela M. Bensenor, Habib Benzian, Adugnaw Berhane, Eduardo Bernabé, Balem Demtsu Betsu, Addisu Shunu Beyene, Neeraj Bhala, Samir Bhatt, Sibhatu Biadgilign, Kelly Bienhoff, Boris Bikbov, Stan Biryukov, Donal Bisanzio, Espen Bjertness, Jed Blore, Rohan Borschmann, Soufiane Boufous, Michael Brainin, Alexandra Brazinova, Nicholas J. K. Breitborde, Jonathan Brown, Rachelle Buchbinder, Geoffrey Colin Buckle, Zahid A. Butt, Bianca Calabria, Ismael Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Julio Cesar Campuzano, Hélène Carabin, Rosario Cárdenas, David O. Carpenter, Juan Jesus Carrero, Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela, Jacqueline Castillo Rivas, Ferrán Catalá-López, Jung-Chen Chang, Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang, Chioma Ezinne Chibueze, Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Rajiv Chowdhury, Hanne Christensen, Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher, Liliana G. Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Matthew M. Coates, Samantha M. Colquhoun, Cyrus Cooper, Monica Cortinovis, John A. Crump, Solomon Abrha Damtew, Rakhi Dandona, Farah Daoud, Paul I. Dargan, José Das Neves, Gail Davey, Adrian C. Davis, Diego De Leo, Louisa Degenhardt, Liana C. Del Gobbo, Robert P. Dellavalle, Kebede Deribe, Amare Deribew, Sarah Derrett, Don C. Des Jarlais, Samath D. Dharmaratne, Preet K. Dhillon, Cesar Diaz-Torné, Eric L. Ding, Tim R. Driscoll, Leilei Duan, Manisha Dubey, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Hedyeh Ebrahimi, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Iqbal Elyazar, Matthias Endres, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sergey Petrovich Ermakov, Babak Eshrati, Kara Estep, Talha A. Farid, Carla Sofia E Sa Farinha, André Faro, Maryam S. Farvid, Farshad Farzadfar, Valery L. Feigin, David T. Felson, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Jefferson G. Fernandes, Joao C. Fernandes, Florian Fischer, Joseph R. A. Fitchett, Kyle Foreman, F. Gerry R. Fowkes, Jordan Fox, Richard C. Franklin, Joseph Friedman, Joseph Frostad, Thomas Fürst, Neal D. Futran, Belinda Gabbe, Parthasarathi Ganguly, Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé, Teshome Gebre, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Bradford D. Gessner, Katherine B. Gibney, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed Ginawi, Ababi Zergaw Giref, Maurice Giroud, Melkamu Dedefo Gishu, Giorgia Giussani, Elizabeth Glaser, William W. Godwin, Hector Gomez-Dantes, Philimon Gona, Amador Goodridge, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Carolyn C. Gotay, Atsushi Goto, Hebe N. Gouda, Rebecca Grainger, Felix Greaves, Francis Guillemin, Yuming Guo, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Vipin Gupta, Reyna A. Gutiérrez, Demewoz Haile, Alemayehu Desalegne Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Yara A. Halasa, Randah Ribhi Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Mouhanad Hammami, Jamie Hancock, Alexis J. Handal, Graeme J. Hankey, Yuantao Hao, Hilda L. Harb, Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan, Josep Maria Haro, Rasmus Havmoeller, Roderick J. Hay, Ileana Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Pouria Heydarpour, Hans W. Hoek, Masako Horino, Nobuyuki Horita, H. Dean Hosgood, Damian G. Hoy, Aung Soe Htet, Hsiang Huang, John J. Huang, Chantal Huynh, Marissa Iannarone, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Kaire Innos, Manami Inoue, Veena J. Iyer, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Nader Jahanmehr, Mihajlo B. Jakovljevic, Mehdi Javanbakht, Sudha P. Jayaraman, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Sun Ha Jee, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Paul N. Jensen, Ying Jiang, Tariku Jibat, Aida Jimenez-Corona, Ye Jin, Jost B. Jonas, Zubair Kabir, Yogeshwar Kalkonde, Ritul Kamal, Haidong Kan, André Karch, Corine Kakizi Karema, Chante Karimkhani, Amir Kasaeian, Anil Kaul, Norito Kawakami, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Andrew Haddon Kemp, Andre Keren, Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran, Yousef Saleh Khader, Abdur Rahman Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Young-Ho Khang, Sahil Khera, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Christian Kieling, Pauline Kim, Cho-Il Kim, Daniel Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Niranjan Kissoon, Luke D. Knibbs, Ann Kristin Knudsen, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Dhaval Kolte, Jacek A. Kopec, Soewarta Kosen, Georgios A. Kotsakis, Parvaiz A. Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Michael Kravchenko, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Andreas A. Kudom, Ernst J. Kuipers, G. Anil Kumar, Michael Kutz, Gene F. Kwan, Aparna Lal, Ratilal Lalloo, Tea Lallukka, Hilton Lam, Jennifer O. Lam, Sinead M. Langan, Anders Larsson, Pablo M. Lavados, Janet L. Leasher, James Leigh, Ricky Leung, Miriam Levi, Yichong Li, Yongmei Li, Juan Liang, Shiwei Liu, Yang Liu, Belinda K. Lloyd, Warren D. Lo, Giancarlo Logroscino, Katharine J. Looker, Paulo A. Lotufo, Raimundas Lunevicius, Ronan A. Lyons, Mark T. Mackay, Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Mahdi Mahdavi, Marek Majdan, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Wagner Marcenes, David Joel Margolis, Jose Martinez-Raga, Felix Masiye, João Massano, Stephen Theodore Mcgarvey, John J. Mcgrath, Martin Mckee, Brian J. Mcmahon, Peter A. Meaney, Alem Mehari, Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez, Alemayehu B. Mekonnen, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Peter Memiah, Ziad A. Memish, Walter Mendoza, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Francis Apolinary Mhimbira, Anoushka Millear, Ted R. Miller, Edward J. Mills, Mojde Mirarefin, Philip B. Mitchell, Charles N. Mock, Alireza Mohammadi, Shafiu Mohammed, Lorenzo Monasta, Julio Cesar Montañez Hernandez, Marcella Montico, Meghan D. Mooney, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Lidia Morawska, Ulrich O. Mueller, Erin Mullany, John Everett Mumford, Michele E. Murdoch, Jean B. Nachega, Gabriele Nagel, Aliya Naheed, Luigi Naldi, Vinay Nangia, John N. Newton, Marie Ng, Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni, Quyen Le Nguyen, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie Pete, Joan M. Nolla, Ole F. Norheim, Rosana E. Norman, Bo Norrving, Bruno P. Nunes, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Pedro R. Olivares, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Alberto Ortiz, Majdi Osman, Erika Ota, Mahesh Pa, Eun-Kee Park, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Valéria Maria De Azeredo Passos, Angel J. Paternina Caicedo, Scott B. Patten, George C. Patton, David M. Pereira, Rogelio Perez-Padilla, Norberto Perico, Konrad Pesudovs, Max Petzold, Michael Robert Phillips, Frédéric B. Piel, Julian David Pillay, Farhad Pishgar, Dietrich Plass, James A. Platts-Mills, Suzanne Polinder, Constance D. Pond, Svetlana Popova, Richie G. Poulton, Farshad Pourmalek, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Noela M. Prasad, Mostafa Qorbani, Rynaz H. S. Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Anwar Rafay, Kazem Rahimi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Sajjad Ur Rahman, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Sasa Rajsic, Usha Ram, Puja Rao, Amany H. Refaat, Marissa B. Reitsma, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Serge Resnikoff, Alex Reynolds, Antonio L. Ribeiro, Maria Jesus Rios Blancas, Hirbo Shore Roba, David Rojas-Rueda, Luca Ronfani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Gregory A. Roth, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Ambuj Roy, Rajesh Sagar, Ramesh Sahathevan, Juan R. Sanabria, Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño, Itamar S. Santos, João Vasco Santos, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez, Benn Sartorius, Maheswar Satpathy, Miloje Savic, Monika Sawhney, Michael P. Schaub, Maria Inês Schmidt, Ione J. C. Schneider, Ben Schöttker, David C. Schwebel, James G. Scott, Soraya Seedat, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Edson E. Servan-Mori, Katya A. Shackelford, Amira Shaheen, Masood Ali Shaikh, Rajesh Sharma, Upasana Sharma, Jiabin Shen, Donald S. Shepard, Kevin N. Sheth, Kenji Shibuya, Min-Jeong Shin, Rahman Shiri, Ivy Shiue, Mark G. Shrime, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira, Abhishek Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Om Prakash Singh, Prashant Kumar Singh, Anna Sivonda, Vegard Skirbekk, Jens Christoffer Skogen, Amber Sligar, Karen Sliwa, Michael Soljak, Kjetil Søreide, Reed J. D. Sorensen, Joan B. Soriano, Luciano A. Sposato, Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Nicholas Steel, Dan J. Stein, Timothy J. Steiner, Sabine Steinke, Lars Stovner, Konstantinos Stroumpoulis, Bruno F. Sunguya, Patrick Sur, Soumya Swaminathan, Bryan L. Sykes, Cassandra E. I. Szoeke, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Jukka S. Takala, Nikhil Tandon, David Tanne, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Bineyam Taye, Hugh R. Taylor, Braden J. Te Ao, Bemnet Amare Tedla, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Alan J. Thomson, Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman, Amanda G. Thrift, George D. Thurston, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topor-Madry, Fotis Topouzis, Bach Xuan Tran, Thomas Truelsen, Zacharie Tsala Dimbuene, Miltiadis Tsilimbaris, Abera Kenay Tura, Emin Murat Tuzcu, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Kingsley N. Ukwaja, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Chigozie Jesse Uneke, Olalekan A. Uthman, Coen H. Van Gool, Yuri Y. Varakin, Tommi Vasankari, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Raj Kumar Verma, Francesco S. Violante, Sergey K. Vladimirov, Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov, Stein Emil Vollset, Gregory R. Wagner, Stephen G. Waller, Linhong Wang, David A. Watkins, Scott Weichenthal, Elisabete Weiderpass, Robert G. Weintraub, Andrea Werdecker, Ronny Westerman, Richard A. White, Hywel C. Williams, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Charles D. A. Wolfe, Sungho Won, Rachel Woodbrook, Mamo Wubshet, Denis Xavier, Gelin Xu, Ajit Kumar Yadav, Lijing L. Yan, Yuichiro Yano, Mehdi Yaseri, Pengpeng Ye, Henock Gebremedhin Yebyo, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Seok-Jun Yoon, Mustafa Z. Younis, Chuanhua Yu, Zoubida Zaidi, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Hajo Zeeb, Maigeng Zhou, Sanjay Zodpey, Liesl Joanna Zuhlke, Christopher J. L. Murray

bepress support 176

Background: Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases ( NCDs ) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 ( GBD 2015 ), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015.

Methods: We estimated incidence and prevalence by age, sex, cause, …

Prescription Drug Abuse Communication: A Qualitative Analysis Of Prescriber And Pharmacist Perceptions And Behaviors, Nicholas E. Hagemeier, Fred Tudiver, Scott Brewster, Elizabeth J. Hagy, Angela Hagaman, Robert P. Pack

Angela M. Hagaman

Background: Interpersonal communication is inherent in a majority of strategies seeking to engage prescriber and pharmacist health care professionals (HCPs) in the reduction and prevention of prescription drug abuse (PDA). However, research on HCP PDA communication behavioral engagement and factors that influence it is limited. Objectives This study quantitatively examined communication behaviors and trait-level communication metrics, and qualitatively described prescription drug abuse-related communication perceptions and behaviors among primary care prescribers and community pharmacists. Methods: Five focus groups (N = 35) were conducted within the Appalachian Research Network (AppNET), a rural primary care practice-based research network (PBRN) in South Central …

Interprofessional Research, Training And Outreach: The Etsu Prescription Drug Abuse/Misuse Working Group, Robert P. Pack, Angela Hagaman, Sara Warfield, Jeffry A. Gray, Fred Tudiver, Arsham Alamian, Nicholas E. Hagemeier

Angela M. Hagaman

No abstract provided.

Retrospective Cohort Study Of The Efficacy Of Azithromycin Vs. Doxycycline As Part Of Combination Therapy In Non-Intensive Care Unit Veterans Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Justin Spivey, Heather Sirek, Robert Wood, Kalpit Devani, Billy Brooks, Jonathan Moorman

Billy Brooks

The IDSA Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Guideline recommends ceftriaxone in combination with doxycycline as an alternative to combination therapy with ceftriaxone and azithromycin for non-intensive care unit (ICU) patients hospitalized with CAP. This is an attractive alternative regimen due to recent concerns of increased cardiovascular risk associated with azithromycin. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of azithromycin and doxycycline each in combination with ceftriaxone for non-ICU Veterans hospitalized with CAP.

Harm Reduction Panel, Billy Brooks

Billy Brooks

Objectives are (1) Describe HIV/HCV prevalence in TN and Central Appalachia; (2) Understand syringe access in pharmacy settings. Identify and refer clients to local syringe service programs.

Tobacco Smoke Exposure Is An Independent Predictor Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Us Children, Benjamin U. Nwosu, Philip Kum-Nji

Benjamin U. Nwosu

IMPORTANCE: The role of tobacco-smoke exposure on serum vitamin D concentration in US pediatric population is not known. We hypothesized that tobacco smoke exposure would increase the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in US children.

METHODS: Representative national data were accessed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010 databank on 2,263 subjects of ages 3 to 17 years. Subjects were categorized into two groups based on their age: children, if <10 >years; and youth if 10 to 17 years. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the effect of serum cotinine-verified tobacco smoke exposure on …

The Brandeis Human Rights Advocacy Program: Advancing The Human Rights Of The Immigrant, Noncitizen And Refugee Community, Enid Trucios-Haynes

Enid F. Trucios-Haynes

The Human Rights Advocacy Program (HRAP or the Program) at the Brandeis School of Law, University of Louisville, represents a unique collaboration of law faculty and students providing critical resources to the local immigrant, noncitizen and refugee community in Louisville, Kentucky, as well as local service providers to this community. The Program, established in Spring 2014, is distinctive because of its non-hierarchical internal model and the participatory action research and policy focus of its work. The Program is a distinguished from the typical law school clinical model in its focus on community engaged research, policy advocacy, and service, as well …

Comparison Study Of The Averaged Sediment Microbial Enzyme Activities In Four Fecally-Contaminated Streams In The Same Watershed In Northeast Tennessee To Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Nitrate Concentration, And Phosphate Concentration, Brian G. Evanshen, Kurt J. Maier, Phillip R. Scheuerman

Phillip R. Scheuerman

Microbial enzyme activities (MEA’s) are measurements of microbial metabolism. These activities are dependent on the need for nutrients and respiration. This extended study evaluated four streams in the same watershed that had an approved fecal coliform Total Maximum Daily Load. Sediment and water samples were collected monthly for the first year of each specific stream study, and then quarterly to the end of 2006. Dehydrogenase, a measure of microbial respiration, along with acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, galactosidase and glucosidase activities were measured using colorimetric assays. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was determined using the standard 5-day test (BOD₅). Nitrate …

Comparison Of Microbial Water Quality Parameters Of Four Geographically Similar Creeks In Northeast Tennessee, Kimberlee K. Hall, L. K. Gallagher, Brian G. Evanshen, Kurt J. Maier, Phillip R. Scheuerman

Phillip R. Scheuerman

Four creeks within the Watauga River watershed in Northeast Tennessee are routinely monitored for water quality assessments. To identify sources and monitor remediation, Sinking Creek, Cash Hollow Creek, Buffalo Creek and Boones Creek are monitored for chemical and microbial parameters. These parameters include phosphates, nitrates, BOD and fecal coliforms. Sinking Creek is a tributary of the Watauga River with 10 miles of impaired water. Cash Hollow Creek enters the Watauga River at river mile 11.4 with 3.4 miles of impaired water. Boones Creek contains 18.6 impaired miles while the status of water quality in Buffalo Creek is not yet determined. …

Comparison Study Of Sediment Microbial Enzyme Activities To Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Nitrate Concentration, Phosphate Concentration In The Sediments Of A Fecally-Contaminated Stream In Northeast Tennessee Relative To Season And Land Use, Brian G. Evanshen, Kurt J. Maier, Phillip R. Scheuerman

Phillip R. Scheuerman

Microbial metabolism reacts quickly to environmental conditions. These reactions are dependent on the need for nutrients and respiration and can be measured using an assay of individual microbial enzyme activities (MEA’s). In this study, we measured MEA’s in the sediments of a stream in northeast Tennessee that had an approved fecal coliform Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). These values were compared to biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), phosphate concentration and nitrate concentration in the water column of this stream. Comparisons were grouped by season and land use. Stream sediments and water were collected monthly for one year and then quarterly for …

Taking The Health Aid Debate To The Subnational Level: The Impact And Allocation Of Foreign Health Aid In Malawi, Robert Marty, Carrie B. Dolan, Matthias Leu, Daniel Runfola

Carrie Dolan

Objective: Cross-national studies provide inconclusive results as to the effectiveness of foreign health aid. We highlight a novel application of using subnational data to evaluate aid impacts, using Malawi as a case study.

Design: We employ two rounds of nationally representative household surveys (2004/2005 and 2010/2011) and geo-referenced foreign aid data. We examine the determinants of Malawi's traditional authorities receiving aid according to health, environmental risk, socioeconomic and political factors. We use two approaches to estimate the impact of aid on reducing malaria prevalence and increasing healthcare quality: difference-in-difference models, which include traditional authority and month-of interview fixed effects and …

Condom Availability In New York City Public High Schools: Relationships To Condom Use And Sexual Behavior, Sally Guttmacher, Lisa D. Lieberman, David Ward, Nick Freudenberg, Alice Radosh, Don Des Jarlais

Lisa Lieberman

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the impact of the condom availability program in New York City public high schools by comparing rates of sexual activity and condom use for New York students and similar students in Chicago. METHODS: A total of 7119 students from 12 randomly selected New York schools and 5738 students from 10 Chicago schools participated in a cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: New York students, compared with Chicago students, reported equal rates of sexual activity but higher rates of condom use at last intercourse (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36). For higher-risk students (those with three or more sexual partners in …

Impact Of The Choosing The Best Program In Communities Committed To Abstinence Education, Lisa Lieberman, Haiyan Su

Lisa Lieberman

States vary in standards for sex education, some requiring an emphasis on abstinence. Schools seek to identify curricula that reflect local community values and meet state standards. Choosing the Best (CTB), a classroom-based abstinence education curriculum, has been implemented in 75 Georgia school districts since 1995. CTB Inc., sought to determine if this popular program had an impact on abstinence attitudes, intentions, and behavior. Six Georgia public schools (1,143 ninth graders) participated in the study in 2009-2010. Four randomly assigned schools received the CTB curriculum, taught by trained CTB staff. Two control schools received their usual textbook-based abstinence lessons. Surveys …

The Effectiveness Of Needle Exchange Programs In The United States And West Virginia, Margie J. Phillips

Margie J. Phillips

Needle Exchange Programs (NEPs) have been controversial aspects of public health care due to conflicting beliefs and opinions for public policies. NEPs have allowed Injection Drug Users the ability to exchange their used equipment for clean, unused supplies. Research into the effectiveness of needle exchange programs and the impact it has had on the reduction of HIV and viral hepatitis infections in people who inject drugs. Injection Drug Users have accounted for 10% of HIV transmission cases in West Virginia, and this state has been ranked as the highest in the whole United States for incidents of Hepatitis C. NEPs …

Divergent Relationship Of Circulating Ctrp3 Levels Between Obesity And Gender: A Cross-Sectional Study, Roy Marshall Wagner, Kamesh Sivagnanam, W. Andrew Clark, Jonathan M. Peterson

W. Andrew Clark

C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) is a novel adipose tissue derived secreted factor, or adipokine, which has been linked to a number of beneficial biological effects on metabolism, inflammation, and survival signaling in a variety of tissues. However, very little is known about CTRP3 in regards to human health. The purpose of this project was to examine circulating CTRP3 levels in a clinical population, patients with symptoms requiring heart catheterization in order to identify the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). It was hypothesized that serum CTRP3 levels would be decreased in the presence of CAD.

Methods

Body …

Use Of Urine Antigen Testing For Blastomyces In An Integrated Health System, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Dennis J. Baumgardner, MD

Purpose: Blastomycosis, an endemic fungal infection, mimics many other diseases. We explored the use of Blastomyces urine antigen (BuAg), reportedly the most sensitive noninvasive test, in clinical practice and compared it to other noninvasive tests.

Methods: A total of 836 BuAg tests performed on unique patients (first test only) at one large integrated health system from June 2013 to May 2016 were retrospectively reviewed to examine test characteristics and demographic features. Of these, 100 cases from 2015, a year containing a large local blastomycosis outbreak, were randomly selected for detailed analysis.

Results: Demographics for the BuAg-tested population: mean age 54.9 …

Uncertainty And Competing Priorities In Shared Clinical Decision-Making, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Dennis J. Baumgardner, MD

In this issue introduction, the editor-in-chief of Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews observes that a connecting thread among the articles published therein is an element of uncertainty among patients and clinicians. Competing priorities for the patient also may be present. Several approaches to overcoming these prevalent conflicts to delivery of better health care have been proposed, the most important of which may be clinicians embracing a will to practice shared decision-making.

Using Scientific Inquiry To Increase Knowledge Of Vaccine Theory And Infectious Diseases, Zachary Walls, John B. Bossaer, David Cluck

John B. Bossaer

Background: The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a laboratory activity based on scientific inquiry to educate first-year pharmacy students in the U.S. about vaccination theory and the attributes of common pathogens. Methods: The laboratory activity had two principal sections. The first consisted of an interactive game during which students rolled a die to determine outcomes based on a set of pre-determined criteria. In the second section, students generated and tested hypotheses about vaccine theory using a computer simulation that modeled disease transmission within a large population. In each section students were asked to evaluate epidemiological data …

Nineteenth-Century Ohio Literature, Vol. 1, Jon Miller

Jon Miller

No abstract provided.

Aggressive Diuresis And Severity-Adjusted Length Of Hospital Stay In Acute Congestive Heart Failure Patients., Muhammad U. Butt M.D.

Muhammad Umer Butt M.D., MSCRD

Data Analysis Basics – Part Ii, Judith A. Savageau

Judith A. Savageau

Blog post to AEA365, a blog sponsored by the American Evaluation Association (AEA) dedicated to highlighting Hot Tips, Cool Tricks, Rad Resources, and Lessons Learned for evaluators. The American Evaluation Association is an international professional association of evaluators devoted to the application and exploration of program evaluation, personnel evaluation, technology, and many other forms of evaluation. Evaluation involves assessing the strengths and weaknesses of programs, policies, personnel, products, and organizations to improve their effectiveness.

Data Analysis Basics – Part I, Judith A. Savageau

Judith A. Savageau

Blog post to AEA365, a blog sponsored by the American Evaluation Association (AEA) dedicated to highlighting Hot Tips, Cool Tricks, Rad Resources, and Lessons Learned for evaluators. The American Evaluation Association is an international professional association of evaluators devoted to the application and exploration of program evaluation, personnel evaluation, technology, and many other forms of evaluation. Evaluation involves assessing the strengths and weaknesses of programs, policies, personnel, products, and organizations to improve their effectiveness.

Starting At The End: Measuring Learning Using Retrospective Pre-Post Evaluations, Debi Lang, Judith A. Savageau

Judith A. Savageau

Blog post to AEA365, a blog sponsored by the American Evaluation Association (AEA) dedicated to highlighting Hot Tips, Cool Tricks, Rad Resources, and Lessons Learned for evaluators. The American Evaluation Association is an international professional association of evaluators devoted to the application and exploration of program evaluation, personnel evaluation, technology, and many other forms of evaluation. Evaluation involves assessing the strengths and weaknesses of programs, policies, personnel, products, and organizations to improve their effectiveness.

Massachusetts Medicaid Members That Smoked In 2008: Characteristics Associated With Smoking Status In 2014, Alexis D. Henry, John Gettens, Judith A. Savageau, Doris Cullen, Anna Landau

Judith A. Savageau

The smoking rate among non-elderly Medicaid enrollees is more than double the rate for those privately insured; smoking-related conditions account for 15% of Medicaid expenditures. Under state health reform, Massachusetts Medicaid (MassHealth) made tobacco cessation treatment available beginning in 2006. We used surveys conducted in 2008 and 2014 to examine changes in smoking abstinence rates among MassHealth members identified as smokers and to identify factors associated with being a former smoker. Members previously identified as smokers were surveyed by mail or phone; 2008 and 2014 samples included 3,116 and 2,971 members, respectively. Surveys collected demographic and health information, asked members …

Community Health, Advocacy, And Managing Populations (Champ) Longitudinal Residency Education And Evaluation, Kjersti E. Knox, Will Lehmann, Joseph Vogelgesang, Deborah Simpson

Deborah Simpson, PhD

Purpose: Longitudinal education initiatives designed to prepare residents to address health disparities and social determinants of health (SDH) are needed. This report addresses this gap by describing a family medicine residency’s Community Health, Advocacy, and Managing Populations (CHAMP) curriculum and its evaluation by learners, faculty, and community partners. The CHAMP longitudinal curriculum is explicitly designed to prepare residents to address health disparities and SDH. We report early outcomes, including community partner feedback, of this innovative curriculum.

Methods: Data were obtained through standardized rotation evaluations, thematic analysis of structured group and individual interviews, and aggregated competency milestone data. Kirkpatrick’s four-level model …