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Articles 1 - 30 of 80
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Effects Of Temperature On The Survival And Growth Of Age-0 Least Chub (Iotichthys Phlegethontis), Eric J. Billman, Eric J. Wagner, Ronney E. Arndt
Effects Of Temperature On The Survival And Growth Of Age-0 Least Chub (Iotichthys Phlegethontis), Eric J. Billman, Eric J. Wagner, Ronney E. Arndt
Western North American Naturalist
Larval and juvenile stages of many fishes require nursery habitats that provide optimal conditions for growth. Loss or degradation of these habitats limits recruitment, causing population and species declines. Least chub (Iotichthys phlegethontis), an endemic cyprinid in the Bonneville Basin, is currently restricted to a few spring complexes in Utah. This species utilizes the warm shallow spring margins as spawning and rearing habitat throughout the summer. This study was conducted to determine effects of temperature on survival and growth of age-0 least chub to understand the importance of temperature in selection of spring margins as rearing habitat. Age-0 …
Wildlife Use Of Douglas-Fir Dwarf Mistletoe Witches' Brooms In The Southwest, Shaula J. Hedwall, Robert L. Mathiasen
Wildlife Use Of Douglas-Fir Dwarf Mistletoe Witches' Brooms In The Southwest, Shaula J. Hedwall, Robert L. Mathiasen
Western North American Naturalist
We evaluated wildlife use of witches' brooms associated with infection by Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium douglasii) in 6 mixed-conifer study areas in Arizona and 2 areas in New Mexico. We climbed 153 infected Douglas-firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and examined 706 witches' brooms for evidence of wildlife use. Even though we observed evidence of use by birds, most wildlife use was by small mammals, particularly red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Red squirrels used witches' brooms for nesting, foraging, caching, and as latrines. Witches' brooms classified as Type II or III brooms, located close to the main bole …
The Female Of Cnodocentron (Caenocentron) Yavapai Moulton And Stewart (Trichoptera: Xiphocentronidae), David E. Ruiter
The Female Of Cnodocentron (Caenocentron) Yavapai Moulton And Stewart (Trichoptera: Xiphocentronidae), David E. Ruiter
Western North American Naturalist
No abstract provided.
A Longevity Record For Canada Lynx, Lynx Canadensis, In Western Montana, Jay A. Kolbe, John R. Squires
A Longevity Record For Canada Lynx, Lynx Canadensis, In Western Montana, Jay A. Kolbe, John R. Squires
Western North American Naturalist
No abstract provided.
Characterization Of The Dorsal Skin Gland Of The Texas Kangaroo Rat, Dipodomys Elator (Rodentia: Heteromyidae), Frederick B. Stangl Jr., Jim R. Goetze, Michael M. Shipley, Desiree A. Early
Characterization Of The Dorsal Skin Gland Of The Texas Kangaroo Rat, Dipodomys Elator (Rodentia: Heteromyidae), Frederick B. Stangl Jr., Jim R. Goetze, Michael M. Shipley, Desiree A. Early
Western North American Naturalist
The dorsal skin gland appears to be a sexually dimorphic character for all species of Dipodomys; however, this feature has not been characterized for most taxa. Previous studies of several species have demonstrated the histological uniqueness of the gland in D. spectabilis. Other attempts to correlate seasonal variation in gland size with reproductive patterns have met with mixed success. An examination of the dorsal skin glands of 333 museum study skins of adult Dipodomys elator demonstrated a July–August size decrease in both sexes, although the glands of males were larger and more variable in size than those of …
Ontogenetic And Habitat-Related Changes In Diet Of Late Larval And Juvenile Suckers (Catostomidae) In Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, Douglas F. Markle, Kale Clauson
Ontogenetic And Habitat-Related Changes In Diet Of Late Larval And Juvenile Suckers (Catostomidae) In Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, Douglas F. Markle, Kale Clauson
Western North American Naturalist
We describe ontogenetic patterns in the diets of shortnose and Lost River suckers (15.8–92.8 mm standard length) from Upper Klamath Lake in summer 1999. Both species made a transition from surface and planktonic prey to benthic prey at about 20–30 mm standard length, corresponding to the approximate size of the juvenile morphological transition. Surface prey was dominated by adult chironomids and undigestable pollen, while benthic prey was dominated by larval chironomids, chydorids, and ostracods. In the 15–20-mm size class, pollen made up >75% of food particles in 68% of specimens, and only 2 specimens in this size class lacked any …
Index [And Table Of Contents] To Volume 66
Index [And Table Of Contents] To Volume 66
Western North American Naturalist
No abstract provided.
Birds Of Washington: Status And Distribution Edited By Terence R. Wahl, Bill Tweit, And Steven G. Mlodinow, Clayton M. White
Birds Of Washington: Status And Distribution Edited By Terence R. Wahl, Bill Tweit, And Steven G. Mlodinow, Clayton M. White
Western North American Naturalist
No abstract provided.
Correlation Of Neighborhood Relationships, Carbon Assimilation, And Water Status Of Sagebrush Seedlings Establishing After Fire, Katherine Dicristina, Matthew Germino
Correlation Of Neighborhood Relationships, Carbon Assimilation, And Water Status Of Sagebrush Seedlings Establishing After Fire, Katherine Dicristina, Matthew Germino
Western North American Naturalist
Interactions of Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana (mountain big sagebrush) and neighboring herbs may affect community development following fire in sagebrush steppe. Dry mass, photosynthesis, and water relations were measured for seedlings of A. tridentata ssp. vaseyana occurring at different distances from neighboring herbs in the initial growing seasons following fire, when herbs dominate plant community cover. Seedling mass significantly increased as distance to neighboring herbs increased, although a low r2 indicated that mass was also affected by other sources of variation. Carbon assimilation (Anet) was also greater for A. tridentata ssp. vaseyana seedlings in microsites farther …
Testing Hypothesized Evolutionary Shifts Toward Stress Tolerance In Hybrid Helianthus Species, Larry C. Brouillette, Maheteme Gebremedhin, David M. Rosenthal, Lisa A. Donovan
Testing Hypothesized Evolutionary Shifts Toward Stress Tolerance In Hybrid Helianthus Species, Larry C. Brouillette, Maheteme Gebremedhin, David M. Rosenthal, Lisa A. Donovan
Western North American Naturalist
We examined how plant traits related to growth and resource use have evolved during hybrid speciation and specialization into stressful habitats. Two desert sunflower species of homoploid hybrid origin are endemic to habitats with lower soil nutrient levels than those of their ancestral parent species. We hypothesized that the hybrid species would exhibit greater tolerance to low levels of soil nutrients than their parental species. The 2 hybrid species, Helianthus anomalus and H. deserticola, and their parental species, H. annuus and H. petiolaris, were compared for plant traits and growth through reproduction under 3 nutrient levels in a …
Microhabitat-Specific Controls On Soil Respiration And Denitrification In The Mojave Desert: The Role Of Harvester Ant Nests And Vegetation, Jeremy B. Jones, Diane Wagner
Microhabitat-Specific Controls On Soil Respiration And Denitrification In The Mojave Desert: The Role Of Harvester Ant Nests And Vegetation, Jeremy B. Jones, Diane Wagner
Western North American Naturalist
Seed harvesting ants (Pogonomyrmex rugosus) concentrate organic matter and nutrients near their nests and create biogeochemical hotspots in desert soil. We examined factors regulating denitrification and soil respiration in a Mojave Desert ecosystem to determine the role harvester ant colonies play in nitrogen loss and carbon mineralization. Organic matter and nutrient storage were significantly greater in colonies than under the dominant vegetation (i.e., Pleuraphis rigida, a bunch grass) and in bare soil, with standing stocks of inorganic nitrogen in colonies nearly 4-fold greater than in the other microhabitats. Soil respiration, measured with laboratory incubations, was below detection …
Long-Term Effects Of Tebuthiuron On Bromus Tectorum, Dana M. Blumenthal, Urszula Norton, Justin D. Derner, Jean D. Reeder
Long-Term Effects Of Tebuthiuron On Bromus Tectorum, Dana M. Blumenthal, Urszula Norton, Justin D. Derner, Jean D. Reeder
Western North American Naturalist
Use of herbicides to thin dense stands of Artemisia spp. (sagebrush) can free up resources for herbaceous plants and increase forage production, but may also facilitate weed invasion. We revisited a sagebrush thinning experiment in a north central Wyoming big sagebrush–grassland 11 years after application of tebuthiuron (N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-N-N′-dimethylurea) to determine the long-term responses of shrubs, available soil resources, perennial grasses, and Bromus tectorum L. (downy brome). Tebuthiuron reduced shrub cover by more than half, from 31% in untreated plots to 15% in treated plots (P = 0.002), and increased downy brome cover approximately 4-fold, from 0.9% in untreated plots …
Long-Term Interactions Of Climate, Productivity, Species Richness, And Growth Form In Relictual Sagebrush Steppe Plant Communities, Neil E. West, Terence P. Yorks
Long-Term Interactions Of Climate, Productivity, Species Richness, And Growth Form In Relictual Sagebrush Steppe Plant Communities, Neil E. West, Terence P. Yorks
Western North American Naturalist
Vegetation trends due to climatic changes are difficult to separate from disturbances caused by varying land uses. To separate climatic influences from livestock grazing and fire disturbances within sagebrush steppe, we compared vegetation structure and productivity during 2 periods (10-year sequences of data from the late 1950s to the late 1960s and 3 years in the early 1990s) at 12 stands within 3 relict areas in or near the Great Rift of southern Idaho. Year-to-year fluctuations in annual net aboveground phytomass accumulation (ANAPA) were considerable in response to varying climate during both periods. More importantly, an apparently significant increase in …
Stand-Level Herbivory In An Old-Growth Conifer Forest Canopy, David C. Shaw, Kristina A. Ernest, H. Bruce Rinker, Margaret D. Lowman
Stand-Level Herbivory In An Old-Growth Conifer Forest Canopy, David C. Shaw, Kristina A. Ernest, H. Bruce Rinker, Margaret D. Lowman
Western North American Naturalist
Herbivory is an important ecological process in forest canopies but is difficult to measure, especially for whole stands. We used the Wind River Canopy Crane in Washington State to access 101 randomly-located sample points throughout the forest canopy. This provided a relatively quick and convenient way to estimate herbivory for a whole stand. The overall level of herbivory was estimated at 1.6% of leaf area. The distribution was strongly skewed to the lower canopy where broad-leafed species experienced higher levels of herbivory. Herbivory averaged 0.3% in conifers and 13.5% in broad-leafed species. Fully half of the sample points had no …
Populations And Habitat Relationships Of Piute Ground Squirrels In Southwestern Idaho, Karen Steenhof, Eric Yensen, Michael N. Kochert, Kenneth L. Gage
Populations And Habitat Relationships Of Piute Ground Squirrels In Southwestern Idaho, Karen Steenhof, Eric Yensen, Michael N. Kochert, Kenneth L. Gage
Western North American Naturalist
Piute ground squirrels (Spermophilus mollis idahoensis) are normally above ground from late January until late June or early July in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area in southwestern Idaho. In 2002 they were rarely seen above ground after early May. Because of the ecological importance of ground squirrels for nesting raptors and other species, we sought to determine the reasons for their early disappearance. We sampled 12 sites from January 2003 through March 2003 to determine if a population crash had occurred in 2002. Tests indicated that Piute ground squirrels had not been exposed to …
Serologic Survey Of The Island Spotted Skunk On Santa Cruz Island, Victoria J. Bakker, Dirk H. Van Vuren, Kevin R. Crooks, Cheryl A. Scott, Jeffery T. Wilcox, David K. Garcelon
Serologic Survey Of The Island Spotted Skunk On Santa Cruz Island, Victoria J. Bakker, Dirk H. Van Vuren, Kevin R. Crooks, Cheryl A. Scott, Jeffery T. Wilcox, David K. Garcelon
Western North American Naturalist
Two rare endemic carnivores occur on California's northern Channel Islands: island spotted skunks (Spilogale gracilis amphiala) and island foxes (Urocyon littoralis). As insular carnivores, both may be particularly vulnerable to novel pathogens. We tested sera from 31 island spotted skunks on Santa Cruz Island, where both skunks and foxes occur sympatrically, to establish their exposure to disease agents. One skunk (3%) tested positive for canine heartworm, and 3 skunks (10%) tested positive for canine parvovirus. None showed evidence of exposure to canine adenovirus, canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus, Leptospira bacteria (serovars pomona, canicola, and …
Ecology Of Owens Valley Vole (Microtus Californicus Vallicola), Fletcher C. Nelson, Michael L. Morrison, Roel R. Lopez, Fred E. Smeins, Nova J. Silvy
Ecology Of Owens Valley Vole (Microtus Californicus Vallicola), Fletcher C. Nelson, Michael L. Morrison, Roel R. Lopez, Fred E. Smeins, Nova J. Silvy
Western North American Naturalist
No abstract provided.
Invasion Biology: Critique Of A Pseudoscience By David Theodoropoulos, Howard Clark
Invasion Biology: Critique Of A Pseudoscience By David Theodoropoulos, Howard Clark
Western North American Naturalist
No abstract provided.
Raptors Of California By Hans Peeters And Pam Peeters, Clayton M. White
Raptors Of California By Hans Peeters And Pam Peeters, Clayton M. White
Western North American Naturalist
No abstract provided.
Fish Remains Dominate Barn Owl Pellets In Northwestern Nevada, Raymond J. Bogiatto, Jack M. Broughton, Virginia I. Cannon, Kevin Dalton, Shannon Arnold
Fish Remains Dominate Barn Owl Pellets In Northwestern Nevada, Raymond J. Bogiatto, Jack M. Broughton, Virginia I. Cannon, Kevin Dalton, Shannon Arnold
Western North American Naturalist
No abstract provided.
Distribution Of The Milliped Genus Narceus Rafinesque, 1820 (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae): Occurrences In New England And West Of The Mississippi River; A Summary Of Peripheral Localities; And First Records From Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, And Minnesota, Rowland M. Shelley, Chris T. Mcallister, Michael F. Medrano
Distribution Of The Milliped Genus Narceus Rafinesque, 1820 (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae): Occurrences In New England And West Of The Mississippi River; A Summary Of Peripheral Localities; And First Records From Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, And Minnesota, Rowland M. Shelley, Chris T. Mcallister, Michael F. Medrano
Western North American Naturalist
The milliped genus Narceus Rafinesque, 1820 (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae) occupies parts or all of 2 Canadian provinces, Québec and Ontario; every U.S. state east of the Mississippi River; and 9 states to the west including Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Records are detailed for the "western" states and New England and include the first from Minnesota, Connecticut, Delaware, and Maine; occurrence is projected for southeastern Minnesota and the Delmarva Peninsula. The genus presently comprises 2 valid species that are endemic to Florida—N. gordanus (Chamberlin, 1943) and N. woodruffi Causey, 1959—and 2 of uncertain status that …
Early Brood-Rearing Habitat Use And Productivity Of Greater Sage-Grouse In Wyoming, Kristin M. Thompson, Matthew J. Holloran, Steven J. Slater, Jarren L. Kuipers, Stanley H. Anderson
Early Brood-Rearing Habitat Use And Productivity Of Greater Sage-Grouse In Wyoming, Kristin M. Thompson, Matthew J. Holloran, Steven J. Slater, Jarren L. Kuipers, Stanley H. Anderson
Western North American Naturalist
Populations of Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have been declining throughout their range since the 1960s. Productivity, which includes production and survival of young, is often cited as a factor in these declines. We monitored radio-equipped Greater Sage-Grouse at 3 sites in western Wyoming to assess early brood-rearing habitat use (through 14 days post-hatch) and productivity. Logistic and linear regression analyses with Akaike's Information Criterion were used to evaluate early brooding habitat use and to examine relationships between productivity and vegetation, insect size and abundance, and weather parameters. Females with broods were found in areas with greater sagebrush canopy …
Plant Composition And Erosion Potential Of A Grazed Wetland In The Salmon River Subbasin, Idaho, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Joan Q. Wu, Richard A. Gill
Plant Composition And Erosion Potential Of A Grazed Wetland In The Salmon River Subbasin, Idaho, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Joan Q. Wu, Richard A. Gill
Western North American Naturalist
Wetlands are dynamic habitats with many unique, important functions including filtering sediments and providing diverse habitats for fish and wildlife. Wetlands in the western United States are particularly important because they offer habitat for a number of protected runs of endangered fish species. Historically, livestock grazing has altered wetland and riparian area form and function by facilitating exotic species invasions, altering spatial heterogeneity of vegetation, and increasing erosion. In this study we examined vegetation structure and erosion potential in a wetland meadow exposed to unregulated grazing along Deer Creek in the Salmon River subbasin, Idaho. We characterized the vegetation composition …
Observations Of Rapid Colonization Of Constructed Ponds By Western Toads (Bufo Boreas) In Oregon, Usa, Christopher A. Pearl, Jay Bowerman
Observations Of Rapid Colonization Of Constructed Ponds By Western Toads (Bufo Boreas) In Oregon, Usa, Christopher A. Pearl, Jay Bowerman
Western North American Naturalist
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Anthropogenic Land Use On Odonata In Playas Of The Southern High Plains, K. M. Hernandez, B. A. Reece, N. E. Mcintyre
Effects Of Anthropogenic Land Use On Odonata In Playas Of The Southern High Plains, K. M. Hernandez, B. A. Reece, N. E. Mcintyre
Western North American Naturalist
Playas are ephemeral wetlands that are the only source of aboveground freshwater in the southern Great Plains, making them of vital importance to aquatic and amphibious animals. Playas are also highly threatened from anthropogenic land use (chiefly agriculture, which decreases hydroperiod through increased sedimentation). We examined community structure of adult odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) in playas differing in the 2 main regional forms of surrounding land use (cropland vs. grassland). Analysis of odonate diversity revealed high overlap between cropland and grassland playas. Traditional species-area theory did not fit observed patterns, as there appears to be a threshold playa size that …
Survival And Reproduction Of Translocated Eastern Wild Turkeys In A Sparsely Wooded Landscape In Northeastern South Dakota, Roger D. Shields, Lester D. Flake
Survival And Reproduction Of Translocated Eastern Wild Turkeys In A Sparsely Wooded Landscape In Northeastern South Dakota, Roger D. Shields, Lester D. Flake
Western North American Naturalist
We studied the survival and reproduction of a newly introduced population of Eastern Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) during 1999 and 2000 to determine the adaptability of this subspecies to a minimally wooded (<10%) region located north of their recorded historic distribution in South Dakota. During 1999 and 2000, the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks (SDGFP) released 111 female and 25 male turkeys from Iowa and Kentucky onto a study area in northeastern South Dakota. We used radio telemetry to monitor survival and reproduction of the females for 2 years after their initial release. Annual survival for 71 females averaged 67%. Seasonal survival was lowest in fall and highest in winter. Mortality agents included avian and mammalian predators, haying equipment, automobiles, and unknown causes. Nesting rate for the 2 years averaged 93%, and renesting rate of turkeys with failed 1st-nest attempts averaged 45%. Nest success for all nests was 50%, and 62% of females attempting to nest each year were successful in at least 1 attempt. Predation was the primary cause of nest failure during both years. Overall, 72% of brooding females successfully raised ≥1 poult to 4 weeks post-hatch while individual poult survival to 4 weeks post-hatch averaged 36%. Despite <10% woodland cover, Eastern Wild Turkeys appeared to thrive in a glacial escarpment topography north of their historic range in the northern plains.