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The Adaptive Ssc: From Fatigue Runs On Earth To The Rebounds On Mars, Caroline Nicol, Paavo V. Komi, Masaki Ishikawa
The Adaptive Ssc: From Fatigue Runs On Earth To The Rebounds On Mars, Caroline Nicol, Paavo V. Komi, Masaki Ishikawa
ISBS Proceedings Archive
In natural forms of ground locomotion such as running and jumping, the functional phases include the stretching of the preactivated muscles followed by their shortening. This is called stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). SSC is a natural but complex activity that combines the available structuro-functional resources: the contractile and elastic structures with the central and reflex activation patterns. SSC may thus be used as a model to reveal the neural adjustments and the associated muscle-tendon responses to internal and external constraints. This presentation will focus on the neuro-mechanical adjustments to the acute and delayed SSC fatigue effects and to partial unweighting on …
Technology In Sports And Exercise: Advantage For Performance And Athlete’S Protection Or Increased Risk For Injury?, Gert-Peter Brueggemann
Technology In Sports And Exercise: Advantage For Performance And Athlete’S Protection Or Increased Risk For Injury?, Gert-Peter Brueggemann
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This presentation describes the enormous development of technology and methodology in biomechanics of sports related to performance and sporting goods, apparatus and equipment. It will critically discuss the relevance and importance of technology for performance and it’s enhancement on one hand and the impact of human resources and training on the other hand. Technology of sporting goods and sport equipment is not only developed to enhance performance but also to decrease the risk of injury during sport activity and exercise. The effects of advanced technology will critically be reviewed regarding to their efficiency and sustainability to the athlete in elite …
Running Biomechanics: What Did We Miss?, Martyn Shorten, Eric Pisciotta
Running Biomechanics: What Did We Miss?, Martyn Shorten, Eric Pisciotta
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This presentation describes a series of studies re-examining some basic aspects of running biomechanics. Kinematic data from ~20,000 subjects were collected in the field, at marathons and other running events. Responses to on-line surveys from over 2,000,000 runners were used to characterise the running demographic. The results show substantial differences between the runners participating in distance running events and the subjects employed in laboratory studies. Race participants are notably older, slower, have higher BMIs and are more frequently female than laboratory subjects. Foot contact patterns were found to occupy a normally distributed continuum rather than the discrete classes usually assumed. …
Novel Insights Into An Old Methodology: Upgrading The Use Of Tethered Swimming, Pedro G. Morouço
Novel Insights Into An Old Methodology: Upgrading The Use Of Tethered Swimming, Pedro G. Morouço
ISBS Proceedings Archive
More than 40 years ago, Magel (1970) used tracings with a compensating polar planimeter to measure propelling forces in swimming. By that time, average height of the curves was calculated in millimetres and converted to average force measures. Advances in technology, permitted picking up old methodologies and give them new features. In fact, the use of a force transducer to assess the forces exerted by a swimmer in his/her real environment turned out to be a useful methodology for training prescription. Nowadays, a load-cell can continuously record the force-time curves and to straightaway provide the calculation of several variables. Thus, …
Latest Researches On Running-Specific Prostheses: Toward Social Implementations Of Biomechanics, Hiroaki Hobara, Satoru Hashizume, Akihiko Murai, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi
Latest Researches On Running-Specific Prostheses: Toward Social Implementations Of Biomechanics, Hiroaki Hobara, Satoru Hashizume, Akihiko Murai, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi
ISBS Proceedings Archive
Recent developments in running-specific prostheses (RSPs) have allowed individuals with lower extremity amputation (ILEAs) to regain the functional capability of running and jumping. However, the biomechanical characteristics of ILEAs using RSPs remain largely unknown. Understanding the biomechanical adaptations that occur during running and jumping with RSPs will assist clinicians and coaches in making objective decisions regarding the most appropriate prostheses, as well as in the fitting and alignment of these devices, for performance improvements in ILEAs. This presentation introduces our project regarding biomechanics of amputee athletes wearing RSPs, and its applications to athletes, prosthetists, manufacturers, and clinicians for the promotion …
From Medals To Muscles To Molecules And Back Again (Dyson Lecture), Walter Herzog
From Medals To Muscles To Molecules And Back Again (Dyson Lecture), Walter Herzog
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The purpose of this abstract is to provide an overview over my career activities in the areas of muscle and sport biomechanics. I started in the area of sport biomechanics as an undergraduate student at the Federal Technical Institute in Zurich with the intention of becoming a track and field coach. During my graduate studies, I realized that the science of human motion was more fascinating to me than the possibility to coach athletes, and so I pursued a career that led me to do work on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction. For the past decade, I …
Force, Motion, Speed: A Grounded Perspective On Human Running Performance, Peter Weyand
Force, Motion, Speed: A Grounded Perspective On Human Running Performance, Peter Weyand
ISBS Proceedings Archive
Sprint running performance can be investigated relatively simply at the whole-body level by examining the timing of the phases of the stride and the forces applied to the ground in relation to a runners body weight. Research using this approach has been used to address a number of basic questions regarding the limits and determinants of human running speed. The primary differentiating factor for the top speeds of human runners is how forcefully they can strike the ground in relation to body mass. A general relationship between mass-specific force application and maximum running speeds results from from the similar durations …
Training Effect Of Running Over Flat Markers To Increase Stride Length - A Case Study -, Soma Saito, Keizo Takahashi, Shun Kamei
Training Effect Of Running Over Flat Markers To Increase Stride Length - A Case Study -, Soma Saito, Keizo Takahashi, Shun Kamei
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of running over flat markers (FMR) using longer than usual stride length intervals. One male collegiate sprinter participated in this study as the subject. The subject initially ran 100m normally, and we calculated the stride length during this run. He was FMR training for 4 weeks with a mark interval set up at 105% of usual stride length. The sprint motion of the three runs were compared by two-dimensional motion analysis. The result of the present study showed FMR changed leg motion just before the contact phase. The subject, whose …
Three-Dimensional Flow Field And Leg Motion During Undulatory Underwater Swimming, Hirofumi Shimojo, Ryo Murakawa, Rio Nara, Yasuhiro Baba, Yasuo Sengoku, Jun Sakakibara, Yoshimitsu Shimoyama, Shozo Tsubakimoto, Hideki Takagi
Three-Dimensional Flow Field And Leg Motion During Undulatory Underwater Swimming, Hirofumi Shimojo, Ryo Murakawa, Rio Nara, Yasuhiro Baba, Yasuo Sengoku, Jun Sakakibara, Yoshimitsu Shimoyama, Shozo Tsubakimoto, Hideki Takagi
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study described swimmers’ leg motions and the three-dimensional flow field around their legs during undulatory underwater swimming (UUS). We used the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method and a three-dimensional motion capture system. Seven male swimmers participated and we acquired EMG data of one male swimmer during UUS after the previous experiment. After the downward kick motion that includes the legs’ lateral rotation and the ankles’ dorsal flexion, water’s backward momentum was observed. During the upward kick motion, backward flow velocity decreased, but flow occurred in a vertical, upward direction. This suggested that UUS could demonstrate great propulsion power by …
The Wedge Effects On Vertical Force-Time Curve Instants And On Backstroke Start Performance, Diogo Duarte, Kelly De Jesus, Pedro Gonçalves, Alexandre I.A. Medeiros, Ricardo J. Fernandes, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Karla De Jesus
The Wedge Effects On Vertical Force-Time Curve Instants And On Backstroke Start Performance, Diogo Duarte, Kelly De Jesus, Pedro Gonçalves, Alexandre I.A. Medeiros, Ricardo J. Fernandes, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Karla De Jesus
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study compared vertical force and time at time reference points between backstroke start performed with and without wedge, and identified the relationships with 5 m start time. Ten swimmers (age 21.1 ± 5.36 years, stature 1.78 ± 0.04 m, body mass 72.82 ± 10.05 kg and mean 100 m backstroke performance of 59.67 ± 2.89 s) completed eight backstroke starts (four with and four without wedge) using the highest horizontal handgrip. An instrumented starting block recorded vertical force and time at the following points: (i) start signal; (ii) peak before hands-off; (iii) minimum at hands-off; and (iv) peak before …
The Relationship Of Anthropometry And Body Composition With Running Economy, Sam J. Allen, Matthew I. Black, Steph E. Forrester, Joseph C. Handsaker, Jonathan P. Folland
The Relationship Of Anthropometry And Body Composition With Running Economy, Sam J. Allen, Matthew I. Black, Steph E. Forrester, Joseph C. Handsaker, Jonathan P. Folland
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of anthropometry and body composition with running economy within a large heterogeneous cohort of runners. Locomotory energy cost was determined in ninety-four healthy male and female endurance runners across a range of performance standards. Various anthropometric and body composition measurements were taken manually and via DXA scans. The relationships between anthropometry and running economy were assessed using independent Pearson’s correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression. Three parameters, normalised neck and calf perimeters and normalised whole body bone mass explained 30% of the variance in locomotory energy cost. Low locomotory energy …
The Relationship Between Foot Movement And The Com Velocity In Elite Female Breststroke Swimmers, Yuji Matsuda, Keita Akashi, Yasuyuki Kubo
The Relationship Between Foot Movement And The Com Velocity In Elite Female Breststroke Swimmers, Yuji Matsuda, Keita Akashi, Yasuyuki Kubo
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of foot movement on the instantaneous COM velocity changing during kick movement for elite female breaststroke swimmers. Nine elite swimmers swam at their maximal effort in a 25-m pool. The swimming motions were recorded with the motion capture system. The COM velocity generated by kick movement was not related the foot velocity. In contrast, the COM velocity was correlated with the sweepback angle of foot. The swimmers who showed high kick velocity were moved their foot outward during early kick movement. In contrast the swimmer who showed low kick velocity …
The Effect Of Warm-Up On Sprinting Kinematics, Pedro G. Morouço, Maria Helena Gil, Henrique P. Neiva, Mário C. Marques, António Sousa, Daniel A. Marinho
The Effect Of Warm-Up On Sprinting Kinematics, Pedro G. Morouço, Maria Helena Gil, Henrique P. Neiva, Mário C. Marques, António Sousa, Daniel A. Marinho
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of warm-up on kinematic variables during short distance repeated sprints. Twenty-two college students randomly performed 2 x 30-m running time-trials after warm-up or with no warm-up, in different days. Performance (time-trial) and biomechanical (step length and step frequency) were assessed during both repeated trials. Performance was 0.5% faster after warm-up in the first 30-m time-trial (p = 0.03, d = 0.44), but without differences on step length and frequency. The second sprint was not different between conditions, but it was better than the first sprint in the no warm-up condition. …
Specific-Overload Characteristics Of Horizontal Jump Exercises In Comparison To The Block Start, Adam Brazil, Timothy Exell, Timothy Exell, Steffen Willwacher, Gareth Irwin
Specific-Overload Characteristics Of Horizontal Jump Exercises In Comparison To The Block Start, Adam Brazil, Timothy Exell, Timothy Exell, Steffen Willwacher, Gareth Irwin
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The aim of this study was to compare kinetic data at the ankle, knee and hip joint between the block start and three variations of horizontal jump exercises. Eight male sprinters (100 m PB 10.88 ± 0.18 s) performed each exercise whilst external force (1000 Hz) and 3D kinematics (250 Hz) were collected. Internal kinetics at the ankle, knee and hip joint were calculated using inverse dynamics. Key results indicated significantly increased moment and power at the ankle joint in the horizontal jumps compared with the block start, but no differences in power at the knee and hip joint. The …
Running Pattern Differences In Gender And Running Level, Javier Rueda, David Chorro, Gonzalo Torres, Archit Navandar, Enrique Navarro
Running Pattern Differences In Gender And Running Level, Javier Rueda, David Chorro, Gonzalo Torres, Archit Navandar, Enrique Navarro
ISBS Proceedings Archive
As biomechanists, improving technique with an aim of injury prevention is an essential application of biomechanics in recreational runners. A mixed sample of elite and recreational runners, belonging to either sex, could give useful movement patterns of movement. In order to obtain any useful pattern of movement we would like to know if we should use an elite or a recreational sample as a reference also differencing in sex. A total of 48 runners participated in this study: 12 female amateurs, 38 male amateurs and 8 male professionals. Running gait parameters and sagittal plane kinematics from the hip, knee and …
Rotation And Braking Strategies To Perform A Successful Cutting Maneuver, Sina David, Ralf Müller, Igor Komnik, Wolfgang Potthast
Rotation And Braking Strategies To Perform A Successful Cutting Maneuver, Sina David, Ralf Müller, Igor Komnik, Wolfgang Potthast
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study aimed to reveal principle movement strategies during successful 90° cutting maneuvers (CMs). Investigation of the pelvis rotation angle showed that subjects mainly use two strategies: one with most of the 90° cutting angle already realized within the body rotation prior to the transition step or one with the rotation executed after transition. These different turning strategies also impacted the way subjects deflected their COM velocity. Pre-rotation results in a more effective movement and less injury risk while post-rotation is suggested to occur in unanticipated cutting maneuvers.
Roles Of The Extremities During Kick Start In Competitive Swimming, Kazumasa Ozeki, Hiroshi Suito, Shinji Sakurai, Tatuya Urata
Roles Of The Extremities During Kick Start In Competitive Swimming, Kazumasa Ozeki, Hiroshi Suito, Shinji Sakurai, Tatuya Urata
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study was aimed at examining the role of the hands and feet at takeoff by measuring the forces applied to the starting block by the right/left hands and feet. A small, waterproof force plate and a three-axis force sensor (operating at 500 Hz) were placed at the front and back of a custom-made starting block with an inclination angle of 10�� and on the right and left sides of the front of the starting block, respectively, to measure the force exerted on the starting block. Five male collegiate competitive swimmers were requested to perform kick starts from the starting …
Relationship Between Performance And Vertical Stiffness In Triathlon Running During A Competition, Keigo Takahashi, Yoshiharu Nabekura
Relationship Between Performance And Vertical Stiffness In Triathlon Running During A Competition, Keigo Takahashi, Yoshiharu Nabekura
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between performance and vertical stiffness of triathletes in isolated running (IR; running without a prior swim and cycling) and triathlon running (TR; running preceded by a 1.5-km swim and 40-km cycling). The mean running speed during 10-km run and the vertical stiffness in IR and TR conditions were assessed. The vertical stiffness was positively related to the running speed in both, the IR and TR conditions. The relationship between the running speed and the vertical stiffness were stronger in TR than in IR. Improvement of vertical stiffness should be important …
Pedal Forces During The Bmx And Track Sprint Cycling Start, Ina Janssen, Jesper Cornelissen
Pedal Forces During The Bmx And Track Sprint Cycling Start, Ina Janssen, Jesper Cornelissen
ISBS Proceedings Archive
During the start of a BMX and sprint track cycling race, a high amount of pedal force is required to accelerate the bike. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effective force (Fe), resultant force (Fr) generated in the lead and trail leg in BMX and sprint track cyclists when performing a standing start. Instrumented force pedals quantified the generated forces from each leg separately. Significantly greater Fe was generated with the lead leg than the trail leg (p=0.011) and a higher Fe and Fr resulted in a faster time of the first pedal stroke. There was no …
Leg Stiffness During Jogging On Small Curved Path, Kazuhiro Ishimura, Shinji Sakurai
Leg Stiffness During Jogging On Small Curved Path, Kazuhiro Ishimura, Shinji Sakurai
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The aim of this study was to describe the mechanics of curved running using spring-mass model. We hypothesized that 1) the leg spring stiffness in curved running is greater than in straight running, and 2) outside leg stiffness is greater than inside during curved running. Ten male participated in this study. All participants performed 3 types of running. Data were collected by 2 forceplates and a motion capture system. Mechanical parameters of spring-mass model (leg force, leg compression, and leg stiffness) were calculated. The leg forces were smaller for curved running than straight running. The leg compression of curve-outside trial …
Kinetics And Kinematics Of The Block Phase Of Elite Para Swimming Starts, Ine Van Caekenberghe, Carl Payton
Kinetics And Kinematics Of The Block Phase Of Elite Para Swimming Starts, Ine Van Caekenberghe, Carl Payton
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The present study presents a preliminary overview of dive start performance variables of the block and entry phase of elite para swimmers measured using the Kistler Performance Analysis Swimming System. Insight is given into the variability of these measures. These results can be used as a reference when examining the start phase in training.
Kinetic Determinants Of Athletics Sprint Start Performance, Aki I.T. Salo, Steffi L. Colyer, Piers Chen, Anna M. Davies, Matias F. Morgan, Sophie Page
Kinetic Determinants Of Athletics Sprint Start Performance, Aki I.T. Salo, Steffi L. Colyer, Piers Chen, Anna M. Davies, Matias F. Morgan, Sophie Page
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The sprint start lays a foundation to a good performance of track athletes. Thus, the aim was to understand the key force production determinants of the athletics sprint start. Eleven male athletes performed normal sprint starts with ground reaction forces collected at 1000 Hz from under each extremity separately. Key kinetic variables were analysed from six starts from each athlete and correlated with the horizontal external power. Several force and timing variables provided statistically significant correlations, but especially the high ratio of forces at 58.9 ± 3.5% with r = .941 (p = .000) demonstrated the importance of horizontal force …
Kinetic Analysis Of The Block Start And First Two Contacts In Sprinting, Philip Graham-Smith, Chris Brandner, Joong Hyun Ryu, Luke Gallagher
Kinetic Analysis Of The Block Start And First Two Contacts In Sprinting, Philip Graham-Smith, Chris Brandner, Joong Hyun Ryu, Luke Gallagher
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The purpose of this study was to examine the force production characteristics of the arms and each leg in the block start and in the first two contacts of the acceleration phase in sprinting. The set-up consisted of six force platforms embedded in an indoor running track. A total of 61 starts from 19 male international level athletes were collected during maximal effort starts and accelerations between 10m and 40m. The average time over 10m was 1.648 ±0.048 seconds, measured using a Laveg speed gun. Results indicated that the arms accounted for 13.9% of the vertical impulse and -2% to …
Kinematic Strategies To Keep An Unchanged Margin Of Stability During Treadmill Running On An Even And Uneven Surface, Nils Eckardt, Alessandro Santuz, Antonis Ekizos, Adamantios Arampatzis, Armin Kibele
Kinematic Strategies To Keep An Unchanged Margin Of Stability During Treadmill Running On An Even And Uneven Surface, Nils Eckardt, Alessandro Santuz, Antonis Ekizos, Adamantios Arampatzis, Armin Kibele
ISBS Proceedings Archive
Understanding how to control stability when running, particularly when being exposed to uneven terrain, is vital to prevent falls and to get an insight into compensatory strategies while running on uneven terrain. The purpose of this study was to assess surface related differences of the margin of stability, kinematics of hip and knee and upper body acceleration which may affect the control of running stability. Eighteen healthy younger adults ran on an even and an uneven surfaced treadmill for two minutes at fixed speeds of 2.0 m/s (female) and 2.2 m/s (male), respectively. Results showed an unchanged margin of stability …
Kinematic Analysis Of Resist-And-Release Sprint Running, Oleg Nemtsev, Natalia Nemtseva
Kinematic Analysis Of Resist-And-Release Sprint Running, Oleg Nemtsev, Natalia Nemtseva
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The objective of this study was to compare the kinematic characteristics of athlete's movements at the resistance and release phases of resist-and-release sprint running and free maximal sprint running. Five female sprinters and heptathletes and three male sprinters took part in the study. Videotaping was done at 240 Hz. 2D video analysis was performed using SkillSpector software. It was found that horizontal takeoff velocity, step length, ground contact time, knee angle at touchdown and trunk tilt at touchdown and takeoff had significant differences between release and resistance phases of resist-andrelease sprint running, along with constant speed phase of free sprint …
Kinematic Analysis Of Diving Back Pike Somersault In Platform According To Players’ Skill Level, Jiho Park, Ji-Seon Ryu, Sangkyoon Park, Heesung Lim, Sangheon Park, Joonyeon Kim, Chan-Hyuck Jung, Sukhoon Yoon
Kinematic Analysis Of Diving Back Pike Somersault In Platform According To Players’ Skill Level, Jiho Park, Ji-Seon Ryu, Sangkyoon Park, Heesung Lim, Sangheon Park, Joonyeon Kim, Chan-Hyuck Jung, Sukhoon Yoon
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic difference in Back Pike somersault in platform diving according to players‘ skill level and to assist them to improve performances. Ten Korean diving athletes participated in this study and they were divided into skilled group (n=5) and less-skilled group (n=5) and t-test was performed to find the difference at the moment of take-off between groups. The results showed that the hip extension angle was greater and the extension velocity of knee and hip joints were faster in skilled group compared to less-skilled group. It is recommended, therefore that the flexibility …
Force Generation In Sprint Running Is Related To Muscle Properties In Male Sprinters, Andrea Monte, Paola Zamparo
Force Generation In Sprint Running Is Related To Muscle Properties In Male Sprinters, Andrea Monte, Paola Zamparo
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscle properties (MP) and force production (F) during a sprint running acceleration phase in 18 male sprinters (Age: 24.4±4 years; personal best: 10.66±0.5 s). MP (muscle thickness, fascicle length and pennation angle) of the lower limb muscles were measured by B-mode ultrasonography and F was modelled at each instant by derivation of running velocity. All MP variables showed significant correlations with peak force values (p>0.01): longer fascicle length, greater thickness and lower pennation angle are associated with greater force production and subsequent acceleration ability.
Effects Of Walking Versus Completing A Neurocognitive Task On Breathing Physiology In Healthy Individuals – A Pilot Study, Patrick Siedlecki, Paolo Sanzo, Carlos Zerpa, Ian Newhouse
Effects Of Walking Versus Completing A Neurocognitive Task On Breathing Physiology In Healthy Individuals – A Pilot Study, Patrick Siedlecki, Paolo Sanzo, Carlos Zerpa, Ian Newhouse
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of walking at different speeds and elevation versus completing a neurocognitive task on end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and respiratory rate (RR) in a healthy population. Eleven healthy participants completed the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) battery and walked on a treadmill under four conditions (slow versus fast walking and uphill versus downhill). A CapnoTrainer was used to measure ETCO2 and RR during the tasks. Statistically significant increases were observed in RR (t(10)=5.52, p=.001) during the ImPACT; ETCO2 (F(4,7)=14.18, p=.002) during all four walking trials; and RR (F(4,7)=7.02, p=.01) …
Effects Of Triceps Surae Fatigue On Gait Local Dynamic Stability In Women As Practitioners And Non-Practitioners Of Strength Training, Georgia Cristina Lehnen, Rina Márcia Magnani, Fábio Barbosa Rodrigues, Gustavo Souza De Sá E Souza, Marcus Fraga Vieira
Effects Of Triceps Surae Fatigue On Gait Local Dynamic Stability In Women As Practitioners And Non-Practitioners Of Strength Training, Georgia Cristina Lehnen, Rina Márcia Magnani, Fábio Barbosa Rodrigues, Gustavo Souza De Sá E Souza, Marcus Fraga Vieira
ISBS Proceedings Archive
This study evaluated the effects of plantar flexors fatigue on gait local dynamic stability in young women. Strength-training practitioners (n = 20), and non-practitioner women (n = 21) performed a 4-min treadmill walking before and after a unilateral fatigue protocol of the triceps surae. The major findings of the study demonstrated that localized fatigue did not affect the local dynamic stability, independent of the participant’s training condition. Participants appear to be able to cope with muscle fatigue, adapting to maintain gait performance. Even so, the need for a recovery interval should be considered in order to minimize the risk of …
Effect Of Fatigue On Kinematic And Kinetics Of Youth Runners: A Pilotstudy, Susan Basile, John Oliver, Mark Geil
Effect Of Fatigue On Kinematic And Kinetics Of Youth Runners: A Pilotstudy, Susan Basile, John Oliver, Mark Geil
ISBS Proceedings Archive
The purpose of this study was to investigate the vertical ground reaction forces and heel acceleration of young runners and how they change with fatigue. Young distance athletes (n=4) completed a fatiguing run on a treadmill while kinematic and kinetic data were recorded at the beginning, middle, and ends of their runs. Changes in ground reaction forces and limb acceleration were highly runner-specific, but demonstrate the need for a larger-scale study on the effects of fatigue on developing runners.