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Investigation Of Contaminant Transport In Tidally-Influenced Aquifers: Experiment And Analysis, Hua Chen
Investigation Of Contaminant Transport In Tidally-Influenced Aquifers: Experiment And Analysis, Hua Chen
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Tidally-induced head fluctuation is a natural phenomenon in coastal regions. The discharge of groundwater through sediments will occur anywhere that the aquifer is hydraulically connected to a surface water body and the time averaged tidally-influenced water level in the aquifer is higher than sea level, and almost all coastal regions are subject to such flow. With the development of coastal areas, the discharge of groundwater contaminants into tidally affected coastal water bodies has become a significant problem. Biota that live in the benthic region are known to be sensitive to the concentration of discharging anthropogenic chemical compounds. Thus the contaminant …
The Effect Of Class Size On Student Achievement In A Rural State, Michael Kornfeld
The Effect Of Class Size On Student Achievement In A Rural State, Michael Kornfeld
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
The thesis addresses the relationship of class size to student performance in a rural state. It presents findings from a longitudinal study of a cohort of students who were tested with state assessments at grade 4 in 2000, again at grade 8 in 2004 and, finally at grade 10 in 2006. Graduation rates for five large-class sized schools and five small-class sized school populations were established in 2008. All scores (n=1137) were matched across time enabling students from similar socioeconomic backgrounds from schools that were considered small (average class size, n=11) to schools that were large (average, n= 20). The …
Rural Vermont: The Food Environment And Cooking Practices As An Implication For Health, Shauna Henley
Rural Vermont: The Food Environment And Cooking Practices As An Implication For Health, Shauna Henley
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
The primary aim of this research was to investigate cooking practices and cooking knowledge in a rural environment, as well as learn how the kitchen environment may reflect and/or shape an individual‘s process when creating a meal. Qualitative methods were implemented allowing for the data to be triangulated. The research methods used included a semi-structured interview, participant questionnaire, and videotaping dinner time meal preparations by the primary meal preparer on two separate occasions. Emergent themes about the role of the rural food environment began to develop surrounding how respondents procure food. The rural Vermonter relied on using home gardens, farmers‘ …
Searching For The Sweet Spot: Managing Information As A Good That Improves With Use, Ida Kubiszewski
Searching For The Sweet Spot: Managing Information As A Good That Improves With Use, Ida Kubiszewski
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
‘Additive’ goods and services are defined as those that improve with use. They are not naturally rival, or even non-rival, but are “anti-rival.” Information is an example. Information can be made excludable through the use of patents and copyrights, however this does not necessarily lead to socially optimal production and allocation. A more flexible, open access, and decentralized process for the production and allocation of information could improve social welfare. This dissertation describes the challenges and problems with privatizing and restricting access to information and reviews alternative mechanisms for its allocation. Two particular issues at opposite ends of the access …
Role Of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels In Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Constriction Of Intracerebral Arterioles, Matthew Nystoriak
Role Of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels In Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Constriction Of Intracerebral Arterioles, Matthew Nystoriak
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) following cerebral aneurysm rupture is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The ability of SAH to induce vasospasm in large diameter pial arteries has been extensively studied, although the contribution of this phenomenon to patient outcome is unclear. Conversely, little is known regarding the impact of SAH on intracerebral (parenchymal) arterioles, which are critical for regulation of cerebral blood flow. To assess the function of parenchymal arterioles following SAH, measurements of diameter, intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and membrane potential were performed in intact arterioles from unoperated (control), sham-operated and SAH model rats. At physiological intravascular pressure, parenchymal arterioles …
Modulation Of Base Excision Repair By Nucleosomes, Ian Odell
Modulation Of Base Excision Repair By Nucleosomes, Ian Odell
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
DNA in eukaryotes is packaged into nucleosomes, which present steric impediments to many of the factors and enzymes that act on DNA, including DNA repair enzymes. Within the nucleosome, DNA remains vulnerable to oxidative damage that can result from normal cellular metabolism, ionizing radiation, and various chemical agents. Oxidatively damaged DNA is repaired in a stepwise fashion via the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Other DNA repair pathways, including Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), Mismatch Repair (MMR), Homologous Recombination (HR), and Non-homologous End-Joining (NHEJ) are all thought to require nucleosome remodeling or disruption. In contrast, it was reported that the first …
Applications Of Acoustic Techniques To Targeting Drug Delivery And Dust Removal Relevant To Nasa Projects, Di Chen
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Sonoporation, enhanced by ultrasound contrast agents has been explored as a promising non-viral technique to achieve gene transfection and targeting drug delivery in recent years. However, the short lifespan of traditional ultrasound contrast agents like Optison® microbubbles under moderate intensity ultrasound exposure limits their application. Liposomes, as drug carriers consisting of curved spherical closed phospholipid bilayer shells, have the following characteristics: 1) The ability to encapsulate and carry hydrophilic or hydrophobic molecules. 2) The biocompatibility with cell membranes. 3) The nanometer size and the relative ease of adding special ligands to their surface to target a specific disease site. 4) …
Characterization Of Porous Building Materials For Agent Transport Predictions Using Artificial Neural Networks, Cabot Savidge
Characterization Of Porous Building Materials For Agent Transport Predictions Using Artificial Neural Networks, Cabot Savidge
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Agent fate in porous building materials is currently a topic of national concern, with possible applications ranging from chemical and biological attacks to more common acid rain events. Paramount to understanding such transport phenomena is knowledge of both micro and macroscopic substrate properties such as pore structure, surface and macroscopic gas permeability, hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity, among others. In order to quickly identify and asses a traumatic situation, especially when historic and significant buildings are affected, one needs to rapidly determine such material properties using only what is available; namely the surface of the material. A study evaluating transport …
A Bound Vortex Surface Impingement Method For Adhered Dust Particle Removal, Nicholas Vachon
A Bound Vortex Surface Impingement Method For Adhered Dust Particle Removal, Nicholas Vachon
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Methods of dust mitigation in Martian and Lunar environments are an increasingly active area of research within the uid dynamic and aerospace community. Martian and Lunar environments produce electrically charged particles, which easily adhere to exposed surfaces. Adhered regolith particles can interfere with human comfort and mechanical functionality. In this work we investigate the potential to enhance particle removal through bound vortex surface impingement. A bound vortex ow condition is created using a specialized nozzle con guration where a combination of positive pressure inlets and a central negative pressure outlet are used to control ow dynamics. Using the techniques of …
A Multilevel Property Hedonic Approach To Valuing Parks And Open Space, Christopher Treg
A Multilevel Property Hedonic Approach To Valuing Parks And Open Space, Christopher Treg
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Many of the benefits that are generated by the natural environment are external to normal market transactions and are consequently undervalued and under-provisioned even though they substantially contribute to human welfare. One approach to valuing certain environmental goods and services is through a regression technique known as the property hedonic model. This model considers a property as a bundle of attributes where the total price of the property is decomposed into marginal, implicit prices for property-specific attributes, the context or neighborhood in which a property resides and access to environmental amenities. The goal of this dissertation research is to estimate …
Subcellular Distribution Of A Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel: The Effect Of Localization On Channel Function, Megan Anne Doczi
Subcellular Distribution Of A Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel: The Effect Of Localization On Channel Function, Megan Anne Doczi
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Voltage-gated potassium channels are primary determinants of cellular excitability in the mammalian nervous system. The localization of these channels to distinct cellular compartments influences components of neuronal function, including resting membrane potential, action potential characteristics and neurotransmitter release. Thus, understanding the mechanistic basis of ion channel localization can provide fundamental insight into human physiology. The overall goal of this dissertation was to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing localization and function of the Kv1.3 voltage-gated potassium channel. The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system innervates many organ systems including the kidneys, heart and blood vessels and was used as a …
Peer To Peer Sustainability Outreach Programs: The Interface Of Education And Behavior Change, Christina Erickson
Peer To Peer Sustainability Outreach Programs: The Interface Of Education And Behavior Change, Christina Erickson
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
The current climate change crisis demands immediate and creative approaches for systemic shifts in our culture and actions. In the past several decades, education has played a role in bringing awareness regarding environmental issues, but has not necessarily resulted in all the needed behavior changes. A newer approach combines psychological theories with outreach and marketing techniques. This is the rationale behind a new kind of campus activism, peer to peer sustainability outreach programs – the subject of this research. This dissertation research aims to identify current peer to peer sustainability outreach programs and their operations; develop process and outcome evaluation …
Effective Practices For Teaching Learners With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Validation Of A Program Assessment Tool, Meagan Roy
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Creating effective education programs for students with autism spectrum disorder is challenging for schools for a variety of reasons, most notably because of the increase in population, a widespread lack of expertise, and the variability in the presentation of the disorder itself. This study takes a systems approach to understanding how to meet the needs of students with autism. It examines the reliability and validity of an observational tool that was designed to analyze the quality of an educational program for students with autism spectrum disorders. The Best Practice Measures for Educating Students with Autism: Lesson Observation and Document Audit …
A Complex Network Approach To Analyzing The Structure And Dynamics Of Power Grids, J. Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez
A Complex Network Approach To Analyzing The Structure And Dynamics Of Power Grids, J. Eduardo Cotilla-Sanchez
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Electrical energy generation and distribution systems are good examples of complex systems. They include continuous, discrete, and social dynamics. They are operated by millions of human and non-human (or electro-mechanical) agents, and they show statistical properties found in other complex systems, such as power-law distributions in failure sizes. A number of recent large blackouts in Europe and North America have emphasized the societal importance of understanding these dynamics. Classical electromagnetic analysis alone frequently does not provide the insight required to characterize and mitigate risks in the electricity infrastructure. The objective of this thesis is to obtain insights into the dynamics …
Biochemical Characterization Of Dna Glycosylases From Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Yin Guo
Biochemical Characterization Of Dna Glycosylases From Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Yin Guo
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
The DNA glycosylases function in the first step of the base excision repair (BER) process, that is responsible for removing base lesions resulting from oxidation, alkylation or deamination. The DNA glycosylases that recognize oxidative base damage fall into two general families: the Fpg/Nei family and the Nth superfamily. Based on protein sequence alignments, we identified four putative Fpg/Nei family members as well as a putative Nth protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, the causative agent of tuberculosis. While Fpg proteins are widely distributed among the bacteria and plants, Nei homologs are sparsely distributed across phyla, and are only found in γ-proteobacteria, …
« Vive Nous! »: Les Fondements Nationalistes De La Guerre Des Boutons, Karl E. Haloj Ii
« Vive Nous! »: Les Fondements Nationalistes De La Guerre Des Boutons, Karl E. Haloj Ii
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
The author Louis Pergaud (1882-1915) lived during a fascinating and complex period in the development of the French national identity. It was a time when various forms of nationalism, many fed by lingering memories of the disastrous defeat of 1870/71, came to exert an enormous influence on the evolution of political, social and artistic expression in France. La Guerre des boutons is an example of a literary work deeply marked by the nationalistic tendencies prevalent in Belle Époque France. Without being a nationalist manifesto, nor an allegory of the Franco-Prussian war, Pergaud’s novel is founded in a popular nationalism which …
Lung Impedance Measurements Using Tracked Breathing, Daphtary Nirav
Lung Impedance Measurements Using Tracked Breathing, Daphtary Nirav
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
The forced Oscillation Technique (FOT) can be used to measure lung impedance continuously during breathing. However, spectral overlap between the breathing waveform and the applied flow oscillation can be problematic if the frequency content of spontaneous breathing is unknown. This problem motivated us to develop a modification to the FOT system called the Tracked Breathing Trainer. The modification uses biofeedback to constrain subjects to breathe at a single predetermined frequency. This thesis investigates the engineering and physiological aspects of the modification we made. We studied 8 adult non-asthmatic and 8 adult asthmatic subjects. Three 16 s perturbatory flow oscillation signals …
Mechanisms Of Secondary Extinction, Drina Vurbic
Mechanisms Of Secondary Extinction, Drina Vurbic
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Pavlov (1927) first reported that following appetitive conditioning of multiple stimuli, extinction of one CS attenuated responding to others which had not undergone direct extinction. Four experiments with rat subjects investigated potential mechanisms of this secondary extinction effect. Experiment 1 assessed whether secondary extinction would be more likely to occur with target CSs that have themselves undergone some prior extinction. Two CSs were initially paired with shock. One CS was subsequently extinguished before the second CS was tested. The target CS was partially extinguished for half the rats and not extinguished CS for the other half. A robust secondary extinction …
Estimating The Genuine Progress Indicator (Gpi) For Baltimore, Md, Stephen Posner
Estimating The Genuine Progress Indicator (Gpi) For Baltimore, Md, Stephen Posner
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
In order to better manage progress toward improved human welfare, governments and organizations around the world have begun to report on more comprehensive indicators of environmental, social, and economic conditions. The Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) has proven useful as a measure of economic welfare by incorporating changes in environmental conditions, resource stocks, social capital, income distribution, and other non-marketed economic activity. Studies at the local scale have also found the GPI to be an effective tool for informing debate and stimulating questions about the nature of the economic development process. In this study, the GPI methodology is applied to Baltimore …
A Study Of The Relationship Between Foundational Per Pupil Investment And Student Outcomes, Michelle Baird Mathias
A Study Of The Relationship Between Foundational Per Pupil Investment And Student Outcomes, Michelle Baird Mathias
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
The concept of return on investment for public education requires an understanding of the cumulative impact of resources employed to educate a student over time. The State of Vermont presented a unique opportunity to measure the return on investment as indicated by student outcomes. The governance structure of Vermont school districts allowed the identification of investments at the local school level, thereby enabling a match between the outcomes for 1355 students on the New Standards Reference Exam and cumulative investments over time. The longitudinal study examined the relationship between the cumulative investment made during the first eight years of school …
Chemical Composition And Nutrient Profile Of The Low Molecular Weight Fraction Of Bovine Colostrum, Scott Christiansen
Chemical Composition And Nutrient Profile Of The Low Molecular Weight Fraction Of Bovine Colostrum, Scott Christiansen
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
Bovine colostrum collected within 12h of parturition was de-fatted, de-caseinated, and ultrafiltered (UF) using a 5 kDa cut-off membrane; the resulting UF permeate was freeze dried to create a powder with possible use as a functional food ingredient. Samples representative of five lots of this powdered “colostrum low molecular weight fraction” (CLMWF) were analyzed for chemical composition and nutrient profile. The average contents of fat, moisture, and ash were 0.6%, 1.7%, and 8.3% w/w, respectively. Carbohydrate analysis showed an average of 58.2% w/w lactose monohydrate with no monosaccharides, other disaccharides, trioses, or tetroses detected. The total nitrogen content averaged 1.13% …
Educating Youth In Foster Care: Educators’ Perspectives, Randall Preston
Educating Youth In Foster Care: Educators’ Perspectives, Randall Preston
Graduate College Dissertations and Theses
This dissertation explores the education of foster care children through the perspectives of classroom teachers. Numerous studies have found that foster youth experience depressed educational outcomes relative to their peers. A meta-analysis of such studies reported depressed educational outcomes in terms of standardized test scores, grade averages, retention rates, and suspension and expulsion rates (Scherr, 2007). Foster care is most often associated with maltreatment, which in turn has been linked to depressed educational outcomes (Runyan, 1985) and to insecure attachment (Howe, 1999). Attachment theory, which emphasizes the impact of relationships in early childhood on future relationships, informed this study. Purposeful …