Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 31 - 60 of 126
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Experiences Of Mental Health Service Providers Adapting Counseling Treatments For Refugee Clients, Gurusewak Singh Khalsa
The Experiences Of Mental Health Service Providers Adapting Counseling Treatments For Refugee Clients, Gurusewak Singh Khalsa
Dissertations
This study examined the perceptions of mental health professionals through their experiences of adapting counseling treatments to meet the cultural needs of their refugee clients. For this interpretative phenomenological study, 11 licensed clinicians participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews that utilized multicultural counseling and vicarious trauma theories. Results were presented in superordinate and subordinate themes. This study added to the literature and exploration of the unique experiences of mental health providers culturally adapting their counseling approaches in order to provide more effective services to refugee communities. Participants discussed the influences of their cultural backgrounds, the challenges, supports, and areas of growth …
Anxiety, Depression, And Perceived Barriers To Adherence Among Parents Of Pediatric Transplant Patients, Alice Marie Wille
Anxiety, Depression, And Perceived Barriers To Adherence Among Parents Of Pediatric Transplant Patients, Alice Marie Wille
Dissertations
Before being listed for an organ transplant, pediatric patients and families undergo a psychosocial pre-transplant evaluation to determine familial strengths and risk factors that may impact the success of transplant. Adherence is considered to be one of the primary factors in the survival of the transplanted organ and existing research has suggested a link between parental functioning and post-transplant adherence. To better understand the relationship between parental mental health and perceived barriers to adherence, this study examined whether parental symptoms of anxiety and depression significantly predicted parent and patient perceived barriers to adherence in the pre-transplant phase (n=65 parents and …
Interpersonal Trauma, Adult Attachment, And Self-Compassion: A Relational Model Of Shame, Abigail J. Kimm
Interpersonal Trauma, Adult Attachment, And Self-Compassion: A Relational Model Of Shame, Abigail J. Kimm
Dissertations
The purpose of the present study was to examine the interrelationships among cumulative interpersonal trauma (IPT), the dimensions of adult attachment anxiety and avoidance, self-compassion, and shame based on an integrative theoretical framework in a sample of undergraduate students (N = 310). The results of this structural equation modeling analysis with bootstrapping supported the primary model which showed that higher degrees of exposure to IPT in childhood, adolescence, and the first two years of emerging adulthood directly related to increased levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance as well as decreased levels of self-compassion. The findings further demonstrated that higher levels …
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Of How Transgender And Gender Expansive Youth Experience Their Gender Identities, Michelle N. Saltis
An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Of How Transgender And Gender Expansive Youth Experience Their Gender Identities, Michelle N. Saltis
Dissertations
This dissertation presents findings from the first known Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis study of how nine transgender and/or gender expansive youth, aged 13-17, experienced their gender identities and additional intersecting identities. The purpose of this study was to share how transgender and/or gender expansive youth experienced their gender identities, additional intersecting identities, and how they made meaning of these experiences within the contexts of current social, cultural, political, and historical factors. Additionally, this study sought to share the participants’ stories within their own words. The primary research question for this study was: how do transgender and gender expansive youth (TGEY) experience …
An Exploratory Factor Analysis Of The Humility In Counseling Scale, Jennifer Barker Santopietro
An Exploratory Factor Analysis Of The Humility In Counseling Scale, Jennifer Barker Santopietro
Dissertations
As clients’ needs grow in depth and complexity, it is imperative that counselor educators have a process for training counselors-in-training (CITs) to develop nuanced intrapersonal qualities and further prepare them for the challenges of the therapeutic relationship. Counseling skills are just one facet of clinical competence. Counselors-in-training must also develop their self-as-the therapist to gain competence in working with the client’s emotional turmoil, life stressors, intersectionality, unique perspectives, and autonomy (Aponte et al., 2009). The purposeful application of clinical humility could be a catalyst to both scaffold and deepen learning experiences to foster intra- and interpersonal development. The purpose of …
“Will You Scream With Me?”; The Experience Of Expressive Therapy For One Adult Survivor Of Childhood Sexual Abuse And Their Counselor: A Single-Case Study Giving Voice To Complex Trauma, Maegen Grace Horton
“Will You Scream With Me?”; The Experience Of Expressive Therapy For One Adult Survivor Of Childhood Sexual Abuse And Their Counselor: A Single-Case Study Giving Voice To Complex Trauma, Maegen Grace Horton
Dissertations
Due to the high prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (Finkelhor, 1994), most mental health counselors will likely provide treatment to adult survivors. However, many counselors lack specialty training in working with this vulnerable population (Priest & Nishiinura, 1995). Recent neurobiology research has illuminated the long-lasting effects of childhood sexual abuse on the brain and its implications for emotional expression and regulation (van der Kolk, 2014). Informed by this research, it stands to reason that expressive therapy, defined by Malchiodi (2005) as “the use of art, music, dance/movement, drama, poetry/creative writing, play, and sandtray within the context of psychotherapy, counseling, rehabilitation, …
Contemplative Pedagogy: A Grounded Theory Of The Integration Of Contemplative Practices And Perspectives Within Counselor Training, Clarissa B. Cigrand
Contemplative Pedagogy: A Grounded Theory Of The Integration Of Contemplative Practices And Perspectives Within Counselor Training, Clarissa B. Cigrand
Dissertations
While there is a growing evidence on the value of contemplative practice within counselor preparation (Christopher & Maris, 2010; Leppma & Young, 2016; McCollum & Gehart, 2010), research to date has focused on studying specific contemplative practices and their benefits to clients and CITs rather than guidelines of implementation. As a field, we are lacking information on how contemplative practice informs pedagogical strategies and approaches. Scant research exists on how contemplative practices and perspectives inform the roles of counselor educators, their way of being in the classroom, and how they situate contemplative practices and perspectives into student learning. This dissertation …
Military Life Narratives And Identity Development Among Black Post-9/11 Veterans, Deon Marcell Hall
Military Life Narratives And Identity Development Among Black Post-9/11 Veterans, Deon Marcell Hall
Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenological experience of veteran identity development in post-9/11 veterans who identify within the Black diaspora. Given that current research suggests that behavioral health providers lack the sufficient training necessary to meet the unique clinical needs of post-9/11 veterans, this study aimed to examine military culture and experience in the context of intersecting cultural identities so as to more effectively frame the services offered by counseling psychologists working with Black military veterans and service members. More specifically, this study strengthens the existing empirical framework for addressing the behavioral health needs of post-9/11 …
Drunkorexia And Gender Role Conformity, Sarah Zwetzig
Drunkorexia And Gender Role Conformity, Sarah Zwetzig
Dissertations
Zwetzig, Sarah. Drunkorexia and Gender Role Conformity. Published Doctor of Philosophy dissertation, University of Northern Colorado, 2020. Drunkorexia, a behavior involving binge drinking and compensatory eating or dieting behaviors, has been found in approximately 15-39% of college-aged individuals (Burke, Cremeens, & Vail-Smith, 2010; Giles, Champion, Sutfin, McCoy, & Wagoner, 2009; Roosen & Mills, 2015). Its prevalence, along with increased risk of negative consequences, make drunkorexia a particularly risky behavior (Giles et al., 2009). The current study examined the relationship and predictive power of gender role conformity, both feminine (as measured by the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory-45 [Parent & Moradi, …
The Experience Of Affectional And Gender Minority Students At Cacrep Accredited Counseling Programs Housed Within Conservative Christian Institutions: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Matthew S. Tis
Dissertations
Tis, Matthew S. The Experience of Affectional and Gender Minority Students at CACREP Accredited Counseling Programs Housed within Conservative Christian Institutions: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Published Doctor of Philosophy dissertation, University of Northern Colorado, 2020. The purpose of this interpretative phenomenological analysis was to explore the lived experiences of affectional and gender minority students who currently attend or previously attended CACREP accredited counseling programs housed within Conservative Christian Institutions (CCIs), and the sense they make of those experiences. Eight themes emerged from individual interviews conducted with five participants, with most themes existing across all participant accounts. Participants described discriminatory environments …
From Invisibility To Belonging: Supports And Challenges Of First-Generation College Students Who Identify As Racial Or Ethnic Minorities, Megan Nichols Martinez
From Invisibility To Belonging: Supports And Challenges Of First-Generation College Students Who Identify As Racial Or Ethnic Minorities, Megan Nichols Martinez
Dissertations
Martinez, Megan N. From Invisibility to Belonging: Supports and Challenges of First- Generation College Students who Identify as Racial and Ethnic Minorities. Published Doctor of Philosophy dissertation, University of Northern Colorado, 2020. The experience of navigating through college is fraught with challenges, and within six years only 20 percent of first-generation college students graduate with their bachelor’s degree (RTI International, 2019b). Additionally, these students experience notable academic difficulties during college when compared to peers, including lower GPA (Chen & Carroll, 2005; D’Amico & Dika, 2013; Lohfink & Paulsen, 2005), decreased academic engagement (Soria & Stebleton, 2012b), and greater likelihood of …
Perceptions Of Challenges And Resiliences Of Of Post 9/11 Combat Veterans’ Wives, Kaitlin N. Ohde
Perceptions Of Challenges And Resiliences Of Of Post 9/11 Combat Veterans’ Wives, Kaitlin N. Ohde
Dissertations
Ohde, Kaitlin N. (2020). Perceptions of Challenges and Resiliencies of Post 9/11 Combat Veterans’ Wives. Published Doctor of Philosophy dissertation, University of Northern Colorado, 2020. This study examined the perceptions of challenges and resiliencies of post 9/11 combat veterans’ spouses. For this phenomenological study, 12 female, heterosexual, Caucasian, post 9/11 combat veterans’ wives participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews that utilized family systems and secondary traumatic stress theories. Results were presented in themes and subthemes. This study added to the literature and exploration of the unique challenges experienced by post 9/11 veterans’ wives and how they cultivated resiliency in their marriages. …
The Relationship Between Adult Attachment, Perceived Social Support, And Depression In Chinese College Students With Different Life Experiences, Yuge Guo
Dissertations
Guo, Yuge. The Relationship between Adult Attachment, Perceived Social Support and Depression in Chinese College Students with Different Life Experiences. Published Dissertation, University of Northern Colorado, August 2020. The population of left-behind children in China face great challenges in daily life and serious concern has been raised over their physical and psychological health. The current study examines whether childhood left-behind experiences have a long-term impact on the mental health of college students in comparison to their peers without such experiences. The current study explored if there were difference in the level of insecure attachment to a parent figure, perceived social …
Exploring Counselor Educators’ Experiences With Neuroscience-Informed Counseling Pedagogy, Savannah Rose Cormier
Exploring Counselor Educators’ Experiences With Neuroscience-Informed Counseling Pedagogy, Savannah Rose Cormier
Dissertations
Human beings have been curious about the mysteries of the brain for centuries (Bear, Connors, & Paradiso, 2007). Modern advances in neuroscience technology and brain imaging techniques have allowed scientists to see the inner workings of the brains of living people, resulting in increased knowledge and understanding of how the brain functions and how learning occurs (Hardiman, 2012; Sousa, 2017). Findings from neuroscience research are rapidly being used to inform practices in fields such as education (Thomas, Ansari, & Knowland, 2018) and professional counseling (Beeson & Field, 2017; Field, Jones, & Russell-Chapin, 2017; Luke, Miller, & McAuliffe, 2019; Navalta, McGee, …
The Wounded Healer: A Phenomenological Study Of The Experiences Of Counselors-In-Training With Complex Trauma Histories, Jessica Leigh Manson
The Wounded Healer: A Phenomenological Study Of The Experiences Of Counselors-In-Training With Complex Trauma Histories, Jessica Leigh Manson
Dissertations
Thirty percent of the general population report one or more traumatic experiences (National Council for Community Behavioral Healthcare, 2019), and samples of mental health professionals report rates of traumatic experience as high as eighty percent (Pearlman & Mac Ian, 1995). Research on the neurobiological effects of trauma highlights the possibility of a trauma history uniquely impacting counselors-in-training (CITs) in their professional development and counseling work. This study focused on understanding the experiences of counselors-in-training (CITs) with complex trauma histories. Complex trauma is defined as a form of trauma that is chronic in nature and/or timing- specifically, an event perceived as …
A Phenomenological Study Exploring The Experiences And Perceptions Of Counselor Education Students Who Have Completed An Intensive Social Justice Retreat, Aaron James Henderson
A Phenomenological Study Exploring The Experiences And Perceptions Of Counselor Education Students Who Have Completed An Intensive Social Justice Retreat, Aaron James Henderson
Dissertations
The intention of this phenomenology research study was to better understand the experiences and perceptions of counseling students who attend a weekend intensive social justice retreat. This examination may shed light on whether an intensive social justice experience is a valuable and worthy training modality to compliment the traditional classroom learning environment often found in counselor preparation programs. The data from two semi-structured interviews, a focus group, and research participant journals were utilized from 10 counseling students from CACREP accredited counseling programs in a mid-Western mountain state. Seven themes emerged from the data including: Increased Awareness, Desired for Prolonged Training, …
Lived Experiences Of Counselors Providing Counseling To Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study, Jenna Annette Mack
Lived Experiences Of Counselors Providing Counseling To Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study, Jenna Annette Mack
Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experiences of counselors providing counseling to adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Eleven professional counselors participated in the study from various regions of the United States. Four themes and 10 subthemes were found. The resulting themes discuss the counselor reactions, previous experiences with ASD, approaches used in counseling, and counselor self-care. The findings exhibit new evidence in the literature such as counselors’ emotional reactions to working with adults with ASD, challenges in balancing adult clients with ASD and their family members, and professional emotional boundaries used as a self-care tool. …
Understanding Counselor Educators’ Experiences Of Professional Identity And Leadership In A Group Private Practice, Jessica L. Hopkins
Understanding Counselor Educators’ Experiences Of Professional Identity And Leadership In A Group Private Practice, Jessica L. Hopkins
Dissertations
Similar to other mental health professionals, Counselor Educators work in a variety academic, clinical and business settings. The Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) (2016) describes CES doctoral programs as preparing “graduates to work as Counselor Educators, supervisors, researchers, and practitioners in academic and clinical settings” (p. 38). However, research has only minimally focused on Counselor Educators who work in private practice settings, especially group counseling practices. Swickert’s (1997) research on the professional identity of Counselor Educators in private practice settings signifies the most recent study of counselor education that references Counselor Educators’ professional identities and …
A Phenomenological Exploration Of Moral Injury Among Female Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans, Tricia Mercaldi Steeves
A Phenomenological Exploration Of Moral Injury Among Female Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans, Tricia Mercaldi Steeves
Dissertations
The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological qualitative study was to investigate the construct of moral injury among a female Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veteran sample. Moral injury has been defined as the “lasting psychological, biological, spiritual, behavioral, and social impact of perpetrating, failing to prevent, or bearing witness to acts that transgress deeply-held moral beliefs and expectations” (Litz et al., 2009, p. 697). Moral injury also includes experiences of feeling betrayed by others (e.g., leaders and/or peers) while serving in high-stakes situations such as theater (Drescher et al., 2011; Litz, Leslie, Gray, & Nash, 2015; Shay, 1994). A …
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents And Young Adults Of Color: How Racial Identity Impacts Self-Harm Use, Chloe Ayesha-Marie Hinton
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents And Young Adults Of Color: How Racial Identity Impacts Self-Harm Use, Chloe Ayesha-Marie Hinton
Dissertations
This dissertation study was written and conducted to explore the connections between racial identity and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) that people of color experienced during adolescence. This was explored through the use of a phenomenological, qualitative methodology. The researcher accessed individuals of color through online websites, forums, and blogs, and additionally through contacting diversity related cultural centers on university campuses. Individuals completed a prescreening questionnaire, and were then contacted to take part in semi-structured, individual interviews. Eight individuals described at length their experiences with their racial identity development and their experiences with NSSI. The following six themes regarding their experiences with …
Latinos’ Intention To Seek Mental Health Services: A Cultural Adaptation Of The Theory Of Reasoned Action, Jesse Andrew Valdez
Latinos’ Intention To Seek Mental Health Services: A Cultural Adaptation Of The Theory Of Reasoned Action, Jesse Andrew Valdez
Dissertations
Latinos are at unique risk for experiencing untreated mental illness. These men face structural, cultural and gender specific barriers that may inhibit their use of counseling services. The current study provided greater insight into the factors that positively influence Latinos intention to seek these services. Building upon previous research, the current bi-lingual study recruited participants from Northern Colorado. Using an empirically supported model for explaining human behavior, the influence of traditional machismo, caballerismo, and attitudes as they relate to Latinos intention to seek counseling services were examined. In addition, the current study included measures of psychological distress, acculturation and enculturation, …
Sexual Minority Identity And Religious Styles: How Sexual Identity Development And Religious Schemata Explain Experiences Of Religious And Spiritual Struggles And Life Satisfaction, Jeffrey Allen Paul
Sexual Minority Identity And Religious Styles: How Sexual Identity Development And Religious Schemata Explain Experiences Of Religious And Spiritual Struggles And Life Satisfaction, Jeffrey Allen Paul
Dissertations
A growing body of research indicates both potentially positive and negative experiences for sexual minorities with religious/spiritual (R/S) experiences. The current study sought to answer calls for larger samples and quantitative research methods at this intersection of identities by investigating the relationships between sexual minority identity development, religious schemata, R/S struggles, and life satisfaction among a sample of sexual minority adults with R/S experiences (N = 655). Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to determine the variance explained by sexual identity development factors and religious schemata above and beyond the variance explained by demographic differences when explaining the outcome variables of …
Afterlife Beliefs, Attachment, And Continuing Bonds In Predicting Complicated Grief, Kiersten Michele Eberle Medina
Afterlife Beliefs, Attachment, And Continuing Bonds In Predicting Complicated Grief, Kiersten Michele Eberle Medina
Dissertations
This study examined the possible moderating effect afterlife beliefs and attachment have on the impact of continuing bonds on complicated grief. Although research has examined the relationship between attachment and complicated grief, and between afterlife beliefs and complicated grief, little is known about how these constructs interact with continuing bonds to affect complicated grief symptomatology. Research questions asked: (a) Does complicated grief symptomology (CGS) severity differ between individuals who hold afterlife beliefs versus those who do not? (b) Does the presence of internalized continuing bonds (ICB) expressions differ between individuals who hold afterlife beliefs versus those who do not? (c) …
Supervision Of Sex Counseling In Counselor Education: A Phenomenological Study From A Sex Positive And Multiculturally Sensitive Perspective, Reka K. Farago
Supervision Of Sex Counseling In Counselor Education: A Phenomenological Study From A Sex Positive And Multiculturally Sensitive Perspective, Reka K. Farago
Dissertations
While existing literature indicates the importance of supervision in counselor training (Bernard & Goodyear; 2003; Harris & Hayes, 2008; Lofrisco, 2013) and counseling efficacy with sexual topics (Bidell, 2005; Harris & Hayes, 2008), counselor educators’ role with supervising client sexual issues is unknown. Currently, 50% of American Counseling Association (ACA) members report uncertainty in how to address sexual concerns with clients (Blount, Booth, Webb, & Liles, 2017). As supervision is paramount in counselor training (Bernard & Goodyear, 2003) and Counselors in Training (CITs) increasingly inquire about working with sexual topics, a study in supervisor experiences with sexual topics is timely. …
Differences In Treatment Utilization Between Fee Paying And Non-Fee Paying Clients In A Counseling Training Clinic, Katherine E. Sammons
Differences In Treatment Utilization Between Fee Paying And Non-Fee Paying Clients In A Counseling Training Clinic, Katherine E. Sammons
Dissertations
Freud’s writings and cognitive dissonance theories assume that paying a fee for mental health services is necessary for client motivation to progress through treatment; however, empirical study has failed to support this assertion. Regular client utilization (as measured by total number of sessions, number of cancellations, and persistence through a planned termination session) is correlated with improved client treatment outcome and is essential for providing counselors-in-training with the opportunity to practice and demonstrate counseling skills. Prior literature illustrates that counseling training clinics may experience premature termination at a greater rate than other outpatient settings due to two primary issues: (a) …
Nevertheless They Persisted: Youth Formerly In Foster Care Who Have Experienced Trauma And Their Journey To Postsecondary Education, Kristin Janine Myers
Nevertheless They Persisted: Youth Formerly In Foster Care Who Have Experienced Trauma And Their Journey To Postsecondary Education, Kristin Janine Myers
Dissertations
It is estimated that approximately 60% of children have experienced some form of trauma in their lifetime (Wiest-Stevenson & Lee, 2016). Research in the last 20 years has shown the impact of childhood trauma on human development, social development, and learning, and yet, there is very little literature in school counseling about this topic (Perry, 2001, 2006). School counselors play in essential role in identifying barriers that impede students from receiving a high-quality education (American School Counselor Association [ASCA], 2012), and are charged with reducing the educational attainment gap for the students they serve (Milsom & McCormick, 2015). There are …
The Relationship Between Emotional Competence And The Supervisory Working Alliance: A Study Of Doctoral Counselor Education Supervisors And Master’S-Level Counselors-In-Training, Elizabeth Gilchrist Tolliver
The Relationship Between Emotional Competence And The Supervisory Working Alliance: A Study Of Doctoral Counselor Education Supervisors And Master’S-Level Counselors-In-Training, Elizabeth Gilchrist Tolliver
Dissertations
Emotional competence (EC) is an individual’s ability to skillfully embark into emotionally-laden interactions (Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2008). Counselors rely on EC to build a therapeutic alliance with clients, while supervisors rely on EC to build a supervisory working alliance (SWA) with counselors-in-training. A strong SWA impacts counselor development (Ellis, 2001). Previous research suggests that SWA may be impacted by multicultural competency, supervision style, gender, and age (Bhat & Davis, 2007; Crockett & Hays, 2015; Doughty & Leddick, 2007). EC and SWA have been studied independently, but not in the context of the master’s level counselors-in-training (CITs) and doctoral education …
Development And Validation Of A Measure Of Social Alienation For Student Veterans, Nicole Marie Justice
Development And Validation Of A Measure Of Social Alienation For Student Veterans, Nicole Marie Justice
Dissertations
The number of veterans who return to college and university campuses following separation from the military is the highest since World War II and those numbers are expected to continue to rise (McBain, Kim, Cook, & Snead, 2012). Important to note is student veterans are a distinct sub-population of students on college and university campuses who have unique experiences and challenges--both as a result of their military experience as well as challenges that accompany transitioning from military to institutions of higher education. Given that unique challenges for this population often have a profound impact on social or interpersonal domains for …
Counseling In Spanish And English: Phenomenological Experiences Of Bilingual Counselors, Bradley James Crookston
Counseling In Spanish And English: Phenomenological Experiences Of Bilingual Counselors, Bradley James Crookston
Dissertations
The primary purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to understand how bilingual professional counselors experience bilingual counseling in Spanish and English. I was additionally interested in learning how bilingual professional counselors develop their bilingual skills for bilingual counseling. Further, how counselor educators and supervisors can assist bilingual professional counselors in their development of bilingual skills was of note. Twelve professional counselors were interviewed for the study from various regions in the United States of America. Through thematic analysis, five main themes and 13 subthemes were identified. The findings provide specific implications for bilingual professional counselors, counselor educators, and supervisors. …
Shame, Aggression, And Self-Compassion In At-Risk Adolescents, Sara Ashline Hofmann
Shame, Aggression, And Self-Compassion In At-Risk Adolescents, Sara Ashline Hofmann
Dissertations
Prior research has identified a strong link between experiences of shame and aggressive behavior in at-risk and offender populations but the mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. One potential interrupter of this relationship is self-compassion, a teachable emotional regulation skill. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nonoffender at-risk youth differed significantly in levels of self-compassion, shame, and aggression from nonviolent offender and violent offender youth with the goal of evaluating these relationships to aid in the future development of more tailored and effective interventions for court-involved youth. One hundred and six at-risk adolescents in the Rocky Mountain …