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Articles 151 - 180 of 182
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Multiple Solutions And Advection-Dominated Flows In The Wind-Driven Circulation. Part I: Slip, Glenn R. Ierley, Vitalii A. Sheremet
Multiple Solutions And Advection-Dominated Flows In The Wind-Driven Circulation. Part I: Slip, Glenn R. Ierley, Vitalii A. Sheremet
Journal of Marine Research
We consider steady solutions of the barotropic quasigeostrophic vorticity equation for a single subtropical gyre with dissipation in the form of lateral friction. Solutions are governed by two parameters: inertial boundary-layer width; and viscous boundary-layer width. Numerical computations for slip conditions indicate a wedge-shaped region in this two-dimensional parameter space, where three solutions coexist. One of these is a viscous solution with weak recirculation; one a solution of intermediate recirculation; and one a strongly nonlinear recirculation gyre. Parametric scalings based on elementary solutions are numerically corroborated as the first and third of these solutions are continued away from the vicinity …
Decay Of Plant Detritus In Organic-Poor Marine Sediment: Production Rates And Stoichiometry Of Dissolved C And N Compounds, Erik Kristensen, Kim Hansen
Decay Of Plant Detritus In Organic-Poor Marine Sediment: Production Rates And Stoichiometry Of Dissolved C And N Compounds, Erik Kristensen, Kim Hansen
Journal of Marine Research
Initial rates (30–60 days) and C:N stoichiometry of decomposition were examined in an organic-poor sediment (0.5% LOI) amended with fresh and dried yeast (Y) and Ruppia maritima (R) detritus by the use of “open system” core incubations and “closed system” jar incubations. High organic additions (0.5% dw) inhibited anaerobic carbon mineralization (i.e. sulfate reduction) and stimulated DOC production and nitrogen mineralization 3(R) to 15(Y) times (i.e. hydrolysis and fermentation). This indicated that carbon and nitrogen mineralization in the highly amended anaerobic sediments were uncoupled. Low organic additions (0.08% dw), on the other …
Carbon Cycling In Mesohaline Chesapeake Bay Sediments 1: Poc Deposition Rates And Mineralization Pathways, Eric E. Roden, Jon H. Tuttle, Walter R. Boynton, W. Michael Kemp
Carbon Cycling In Mesohaline Chesapeake Bay Sediments 1: Poc Deposition Rates And Mineralization Pathways, Eric E. Roden, Jon H. Tuttle, Walter R. Boynton, W. Michael Kemp
Journal of Marine Research
Organic carbon cycling in sediments at two locations in the mesohaline Chesapeake Bay was analyzed using available data on sediment sulfate reduction, sediment oxygen consumption, and particulate organic carbon (POC) deposition and burial. Estimates of POC deposition based on the sum of integrated sediment metabolism and POC burial compared well with direct estimates derived from chlorophyll-a collection rates in mid-water column sediment traps. The range of POC deposition estimates (15–31 mol C m−2 yr−1) accounted for a large fraction (36–74%) of average annual net primary production in the mesohaline Bay. The difference between rates of POC …
Structure Of An Inertial Deep Western Boundary Current, Robert S. Pickart, Rui Xin Huang
Structure Of An Inertial Deep Western Boundary Current, Robert S. Pickart, Rui Xin Huang
Journal of Marine Research
An inertial model of the deep western boundary current (DWBC) is presented where the cross-stream distribution of potential vorticity varies in a realistic fashion. The case of uniform potential vorticity, which has been solved earlier, is included for comparison. The potential vorticity distribution used in the model is obtained from a hydrographic density section across the North Atlantic DWBC. The model solutions using this distribution differ significantly from the uniform potential vorticity case. Most notably the current is wider and weaker with substantially reduced relative vorticity, more indicative of observed DWBCs. The addition of an exponential continental slope leads to …
Simultaneous Nitrate And Oxygen Respiration In Coastal Sediments: Evidence For Discrete Diagenesis, Jay A. Brandes, Allan H. Devol
Simultaneous Nitrate And Oxygen Respiration In Coastal Sediments: Evidence For Discrete Diagenesis, Jay A. Brandes, Allan H. Devol
Journal of Marine Research
Oxygen and nitrate porewater profiles from sediments of Puget Sound, the Washington continental margin, and the Chukchi Sea were determined using a whole core squeezing apparatus. The two oxidants were observed to have equal sediment penetration depths and similar profile shapes in nearly all cores. Oxygen and nitrate, therefore, behaved in a similar manner in these shallow sediments: an observation that is not consistent with existing models of sediment diagenesis. A two-dimensional model was constructed in which nearly all oxidant (O2 and NO3−)consumption took place in scattered, highly reactive discrete micro-sites. The model produced a sedimentary …
Shelf Harpacticoid Copepods Do Not Escape Into The Seabed During Winter Storms, David Thistle, Georges L. Weatherly, Stephen C. Ertman
Shelf Harpacticoid Copepods Do Not Escape Into The Seabed During Winter Storms, David Thistle, Georges L. Weatherly, Stephen C. Ertman
Journal of Marine Research
Winter storms on temperate shelves frequently rework bottom sediments. When the sediment is put in motion, sediment-dwelling harpacticoid copepods risk being suspended. We tested for evidence that adult harpacticoids move below the layer of reworked sediment to avoid suspension. To do so, we determined the rate at which a moderate storm at a site at 18 m depth in the northern Gulf of Mexico (29° 40.63′N, 84° 22.80′W) exposed subsurface sediment during bed-form development and then subjected intact cores from that site to a similar rate of exposure in a laboratory flume. We found no significant difference in vertical position …
Potential Flow Artifacts Associated With Benthic Experimental Gear: Deep-Sea Mudbox Examples, Paul V. R. Snelgrove, Cheryl Ann Butman, J. Frederick Grassle
Potential Flow Artifacts Associated With Benthic Experimental Gear: Deep-Sea Mudbox Examples, Paul V. R. Snelgrove, Cheryl Ann Butman, J. Frederick Grassle
Journal of Marine Research
In response to the growing recognition of the potential effects of near-bed hydrodynamics on various benthic processes, flume studies were conducted to document fine-scale flow patterns over several types of mudboxes that have been used to study colonization by deep-sea organisms. Mudboxes are typically filled with natural sediments or sediment treatments and placed in the field to observe how timing, larval supply and sediment composition may affect larval settlement. This study addresses potential hydrodynamic biases of mudbox structures as obstructions to the near-bed flow. Detailed velocity profiles were made over two types of “free vehicle” mudboxes that could be deployed …
Lateral Mixing Of The Mediterranean Water In The Eastern North Atlantic, M. Arhan, B. King
Lateral Mixing Of The Mediterranean Water In The Eastern North Atlantic, M. Arhan, B. King
Journal of Marine Research
Analysis of the salinity distribution along three quasi-meridional hydrographic sections in the eastern North Atlantic shows that different mesoscale processes act to mix the Mediterranean Water with the adjacent water masses. In the region of transition with the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the south, the salt transport by the meddies seems to account for most of the observed lateral diffusive exchanges at the large scale. In the north these exchanges are contributed to by parcels of both Mediterranean Water and Subarctic Intermediate Water travelling on average in opposite directions. Also in the north but at a deeper level, transition with …
Descent Of Dense Water Masses Along Continental Slopes, Scott A. Condie
Descent Of Dense Water Masses Along Continental Slopes, Scott A. Condie
Journal of Marine Research
The formation of dense water over the continental shelf and its descent along the continental slope have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Models have been developed for slope fronts and dense filaments, with emphasis on the role of the bottom boundary layer. An analytical, two-layer, two-dimensional model is first presented for the development of dense slope fronts near the shelf-break. The effects of vertical viscosity are explored and two behavioral regimes identified. The most relevant regime is determined by the parameter F = (UQ/gεs)(f3/v)1/2 where UQ is the flux …
A Transatlantic Section At 14.5n: Meridional Volume And Heat Fluxes, Birgit Klein, Robert L. Molinari, Thomas J. Müller, Gerold Siedler
A Transatlantic Section At 14.5n: Meridional Volume And Heat Fluxes, Birgit Klein, Robert L. Molinari, Thomas J. Müller, Gerold Siedler
Journal of Marine Research
Two high-resolution hydrographic sections occupied during February, March 1989 in the western and eastern basins of the North Atlantic at 14.5N are combined to study the water mass structure and meridional mass and heat transports. Absolute velocities were determined using these data and an earlier section at 8N in a linear inverse analysis. Mass balance for several layers representing the main water masses in the region and a zero net divergence for the sum of geostrophic and Ekman transport between the two sections are assumed. Using the annual mean of Ekman transports (13.6 Sv, 14.5N), (15.2 Sv, 8N) based on …
Analysis Of The Barotropic Model Of The Subtropical Gyre In The Ocean For Finite Reynolds Numbers. Part I, V. M. Kamenkovich, V. A. Sheremet, A. R. Pastushkov, S. O. Belotserkovsky
Analysis Of The Barotropic Model Of The Subtropical Gyre In The Ocean For Finite Reynolds Numbers. Part I, V. M. Kamenkovich, V. A. Sheremet, A. R. Pastushkov, S. O. Belotserkovsky
Journal of Marine Research
A barotropic time-dependent model of the wind-driven currents in the subtropical region of the ocean was considered taking both nonlinearity and lateral friction into account. The boundary conditions are the impermeability at all boundaries, no-slip at the coasts and slip at the fluid boundaries. It is shown that the solution of the problem is characterized by two nondimensional parameters ε (the ratio of width of the inertial boundary layer to a basin dimension) and R (Reynolds number for the boundary layer). A series of numerical experiments is discussed with fixed ε = 0.01 and varying R to analyze the joint …
Analysis Of The Barotropic Model Of The Subtropical Gyre In The Ocean For Finite Reynolds Numbers. Part Ii., V. A. Sheremet, V. M. Kamenkovich, A. R. Pastushkov
Analysis Of The Barotropic Model Of The Subtropical Gyre In The Ocean For Finite Reynolds Numbers. Part Ii., V. A. Sheremet, V. M. Kamenkovich, A. R. Pastushkov
Journal of Marine Research
This paper is a continuation of Part I of the suggested study of the barotropic model of the subtropical gyre for finite Reynolds numbers. The statement of the problem, the motivation of the analysis, and the description of the general properties of the solution are presented in Part I (Kamenkovich et al., 1995). Here, in Part II of the study, the detailed investigations of the peculiarities of the solution are offered. The most striking feature of the solution is the formation of a recirculation gyre in the northwest corner of the basin. To study the gyre structure for various …
The Growth Of Convective Plumes At Seafloor Hot Springs, Kevin G. Speer, John Marshall
The Growth Of Convective Plumes At Seafloor Hot Springs, Kevin G. Speer, John Marshall
Journal of Marine Research
The growth of buoyant plumes in the presence of stratification (N) and rotation (f) is studied and illustrated with a number of numerical experiments of convection induced by a localized source of buoyancy at the lower boundary of a linearly stratified fluid. The presence of stratification constrains the convection in the vertical giving rise to an equilibrium-spreading layer which receives the rising mass of plume fluid; the plume can be divided into an upper, mass-source driven anticyclone and a lower, buoyancy-source (F) driven cyclone. With N/f large, the plume's rise-height is set by the …
An Estimate Of The Climatological Mean Circulation In The Western North Atlantic, Wei Wang, M. Susan Lozier
An Estimate Of The Climatological Mean Circulation In The Western North Atlantic, Wei Wang, M. Susan Lozier
Journal of Marine Research
In order to produce a long-term mean circulation pattern for the western North Atlantic, geostrophic velocities have been calculated using a recently-assembled hydrographic database comprised of NODC station data from 1904–1990. The property fields generated from this database are smoothed on isopycnal surfaces and have a nominal resolution of one degree for the spatial domain of this study (34–42N, 48–66W). To reference the geostrophic velocities, SOFAR float data over the period 1972–1990 are used. The flow fields from this calculation are compared to fields produced using an assumed level of no motion. The calculations employing float data yield a flow …
Trade And The Environment: Does Environmental Diversity Detract From The Case For Free Trade?, T.N. Srinivasan, Jagdish Bhagwati
Trade And The Environment: Does Environmental Diversity Detract From The Case For Free Trade?, T.N. Srinivasan, Jagdish Bhagwati
Discussion Papers
No abstract provided.
Integrated Approaches To Human Resource Development, T. Paul Schultz
Integrated Approaches To Human Resource Development, T. Paul Schultz
Discussion Papers
No abstract provided.
Measuring Aggregate Human Capital, Xavier Sala-I-Martin, Casey B. Mulligan
Measuring Aggregate Human Capital, Xavier Sala-I-Martin, Casey B. Mulligan
Discussion Papers
No abstract provided.
Unemployment And Liquidity Constraints, Vassilis A. Hajivassiliou, Yannis M. Ioannides
Unemployment And Liquidity Constraints, Vassilis A. Hajivassiliou, Yannis M. Ioannides
Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
In this paper we propose a modelling approach for labor supply and consumption decisions that is firmly grounded within a utility maximizing framework and allows for a role of such institutional constraints as limited access to borrowing and involuntary unemployment. We report estimations for a system of dynamic probit models with data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. These estimations test broad predictions of the theoretical model. One of our models describes a household’s propensity to be liquidity constrained in a given period. The second is a dynamic ordered probit model for a labor constraint indicator describing qualitative aspects …
Ending The Bank Support, Unknown
Women's Role In The History Of The World Student Christian Federation, 1895-1945, Johanna M. Selles
Women's Role In The History Of The World Student Christian Federation, 1895-1945, Johanna M. Selles
Yale Divinity Library Occasional Publications
No abstract provided.
The City Of London: A World Of Its Own (1815-1890), David Kynaston
The City Of London: A World Of Its Own (1815-1890), David Kynaston
Documents
No abstract provided.
Annual Report Of The Resolution Trust Corporation – 1994, Resolution Trust Corporation
Annual Report Of The Resolution Trust Corporation – 1994, Resolution Trust Corporation
Documents
No abstract provided.
Annual Report From Arsenal In 1995, Arsenal Ltd Finnish Asset Management Company
Annual Report From Arsenal In 1995, Arsenal Ltd Finnish Asset Management Company
Documents
No abstract provided.
Bank Of Finland 76th Year Book Report On Activities In 1995, Suomen Pankki/Central Bank Of Finland
Bank Of Finland 76th Year Book Report On Activities In 1995, Suomen Pankki/Central Bank Of Finland
Documents
No abstract provided.
Mexico's Banks After The December 1994 Devaluation--A Chronology Of The Government's Response, Roy A. Karaoglan, Mike Lubrano
Mexico's Banks After The December 1994 Devaluation--A Chronology Of The Government's Response, Roy A. Karaoglan, Mike Lubrano
Documents
No abstract provided.
Financial Market Reform In The Czech Republic, 1991-1994: The Revival Of Repression?, Raj M. Desai
Financial Market Reform In The Czech Republic, 1991-1994: The Revival Of Repression?, Raj M. Desai
Documents
No abstract provided.
An Internal Model-Based Approach To Market Risk Capital Requirements, Bank For International Settlements (Bis)
An Internal Model-Based Approach To Market Risk Capital Requirements, Bank For International Settlements (Bis)
Documents
No abstract provided.
First No, Then Yes: The Danish Referendums On The Maastricht Treaty 1992 And 1993, Torben Worre
First No, Then Yes: The Danish Referendums On The Maastricht Treaty 1992 And 1993, Torben Worre
Documents
No abstract provided.
The Nordic Banking Crises: Pitfalls In Financial Liberalizations?, Burkhard Drees, Ceyla Pazarbasioglu
The Nordic Banking Crises: Pitfalls In Financial Liberalizations?, Burkhard Drees, Ceyla Pazarbasioglu
Documents
European I Department and Monetary and Exchange Affairs Department
Oecd Economic Surveys: Mexico 1995, Organisation For Economic Co-Operation And Development (Oecd)
Oecd Economic Surveys: Mexico 1995, Organisation For Economic Co-Operation And Development (Oecd)
Documents
No abstract provided.