Digital Commons Network^™

Training Grammaticality: Can People Be Taught To Perceive The Singular ‘They’ As Grammatical?, Val Willham

Undergraduate Honors Theses

As the usage of personal pronouns other than he and she becomes more mainstream, debates about their usage have become more and more common. Many of the reasons discouraging their use are rooted in negative attitudes toward people who prefer to be referred to as such (Patev, et al 2019). However, prior research has also found that perceptions of singular gender-neutral pronouns like they/them as being grammatically confusing can be an obstacle toward their use, even by people who otherwise hold positive opinions towards transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) individuals (Patev, et al 2019). Given the role that language use …

The Study Of The Potential For Positive And Negative Color Connotation Through Associations, Jamesa Mecayla Gray

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This project explored word associations with colors and shades of colors in a controlled manner to test the hypothesis that people associate negative descriptor and emotion words with darker shades and colors and positive descriptor and emotion words with lighter shades and colors. Two parts were completed. In the first, participants saw 8 colors in 3 different shades for a total of 24 colors presented, one at a time. In a first round of trials, participants were instructed to give the first three words that came to mind when they saw each color. In a second set of trials, participants …

Developing Politics While Detained: How Juvenile Incarceration Impacts Political Participation And Behavior, Jonathan Wilkins

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Carceral contact and childhood socialization matters, but we know little about how early encounters with carcerality mold political socialization. In this study, I examine a) if juvenile detention is a socializing agent, and b) how juvenile incarceration can shape political engagement and participation. I find that those incarcerated in their youth were less likely to be politically engaged but more likely to have negative feelings towards the criminal justice system compared to those first incarcerated as adults. Through semi-structured interviews of 8 people first incarcerated in their youth and 7 people first incarcerated in adulthood from Virginia, this paper analyzes …

A Look Down The Well: Exploring Co-Educational Femininity Through A Twentieth-Century Dormitory Feature At William & Mary, 1926-1944, Charlotte Russell

Undergraduate Honors Theses

As women began enrolling in universities across the United States in the early twentieth century, traditionally masculine spheres became the site of an emerging femininity. Administrative rules and single-gendered spaces organized the lives of women and men to fit socially acceptable gender roles. One such space was the college dormitory. The Digges House, most notably studied as the site of Williamsburg’s Bray School, served as an off-campus dormitory for women at William & Mary between 1926 and 1944 under the name Brown Hall. This project will employ artifact analysis of the small finds, glass, and ceramics found in a well …

An Experimental Test On The Effects Of Digital Framing Disputes On Social Movement Organization’S Mobilization And Organizational Image, Alison Trahan

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Framing disputes within social movement organizations have been shown to damage people’s opinions of the organization and the organization's ability to maintain mobilization. However, the majority of the research surrounding framing disputes has been conducted through case studies at in-person movement meetings. While these town hall-style meetings do still take place, many social movement organizations have begun to utilize social media as a part of their regular interactions with supporters and messaging efforts. This study employs a survey experimental design to examine the effects of online framing disputes on how social movement organizations are perceived and their ability to generate …

Starting Early: Returns On Kindergarten Attendance In Indonesia, Daniel Posthumus

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Indonesia is a rapidly developing economy, having averaged 5.26% economic growth from 2000 to 2019; over the same time, it has achieved near-universal primary school attendance. However, there are concerns about the quality of Indonesian education, with no improvement in standardized test scores between 2012 and 2022. Early childhood interventions are a critical part of human capital accumulation and skills- building, and the efficacy of interventions such as kindergarten in developing countries like Indonesia is under-studied. Using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) and Village Potential Statistics (PODES), I examine the effects of kindergarten on educational outcomes in …

Pompeiian Mill-Bakeries: Spatial Organization And Social Interaction, Madeleine Rubin

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis examines bread production and the daily lives of those who worked in mill-bakeries during the first century CE. Bread was the staple food across the ancient Mediterranean; however, there is little textual evidence about those who produced the bread that fed the Roman Empire. The most significant body of evidence relating to the lives of mill-bakers is the archaeological remains of mill-bakeries from the city of Pompeii, preserved by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 CE. This thesis analyzes the spatial organization of bread production within these mill-bakeries and applies the methodologies of spatial syntax – a …

A Comparison Of Neo-Hobbesian Social Contract Theory And Anthropological Accounts Of Socio-Political Complexity, Benjamin Lee

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Social contract theory continues to be a leading theoretical framework in political philosophy. It argues that an individual's moral and political obligations are generated by, and dependent upon, an agreement or contract between that individual and the other individuals within their society. Notable scholars who have championed this theory include Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Rawls, and Gauthier. This thesis focuses on reviewing the descriptive aspects of Hobbes’ social contract theory, by revising an already revised account provided by Gregory Kavka. Once this revision is complete, it will be argued that the descriptive aspects of Hobbes’ account of social contract are in …

Against A Ternary Analysis Of Syllable Strength: Positional Variation In The Vowel Inventory Of English, Joseph Lorber

Undergraduate Honors Theses

All of the vowels in Standard American English (SAE) are distinguishable from each other in stressed syllables, and it is generally accepted that none of them are contrastive in unstressed syllables. However, unstressed word-final syllables (or ultimas) without a coda consonant are able to host more vowel contrasts than unstressed syllables, evidenced by the minimal pair [ˈwɪndi] ‘windy’ and [ˈwɪndo͡ʊ] ‘window,’ but not as many contrasts as stressed syllables. Therefore, the standard analysis of syllable strength in SAE is a ternary one, where stressed syllables are Strong, unstressed non-final syllables are Weak, and unstressed open ultimas are Intermediate.

This work …

The Diy Ethic In Richmond, Virginia’S Underground Music Community, Calvin Sloan

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This project seeks to examine Richmond, Virginia’s underground music community through the analytical perspective of sociocultural anthropology. I argue that Richmond’s underground music community is guided by a governing ideology I refer to as the “DIY ethic”. The application of the DIY (Do It Yourself) ethic helps to explain the community’s unique practices, including moshing and the formation of new, niche genres. This ethnographic approach includes interviews with community members and my own firsthand observations of music venues and other subcultural spaces. This research is part of my undergraduate honors project at the College of William & Mary.

Beyond The Exit: Moma Design Store & The Extended Museum Experience, Anna C. Wershbale

Undergraduate Honors Theses

American art museum attendance soared following World War II as museums became popular education and entertainment destinations for the growing middle class. Shaped by the influence of 1980s Reaganomics and the effects of neoliberal funding policies, museum shops developed from small information desk ventures into a vital source of public relevance and financial sustainability. When given creative liberty and economic attention, the now standardized amenity presented the opportunity to sell institutional ethos. In light of neoliberal capitalism’s tendency to construe value primarily in economic terms, shops reveal how the art museum strategically assigns new meaning to its collection, mission, and …

Survey For Sexual Harassment In Public Libraries, Candice Benjes-Small, Allison Wisecup, Joanna Hunter, Jennifer Whicker, Jennifer Knievel

W&M Libraries Publications

No abstract provided.

Dietary Shifts And The Need For Increased Sustainability Approaches In The Global Aquaculture Seafood System, Darien D. Mizuta

VIMS Articles

Recent shifts in the global dietary preferences have indicated the fast-growing choice for plant-based, or meat-reduced diets. Among the motivations for such choices, which are increasingly advocated by nations and environmental institutions, is the major concern with global environmental sustainability and impacts of food production systems. Incontestably, the animal food source industry is extremely diverse, and seafood production through the aquaculture value chain remains unfamiliar to key stakeholders possibly leading to an uncomprehensive view and often biased perception of the farming industry within the environmental context. Accordingly, I discuss the importance of seafood production systems, such as the fastest seafood …

“I Got A Migraine And That Sucked”: College Students’ Affective Stance Towards Their Migraine Experiences, Megha Vasudevan

Undergraduate Research Awards

Migraines are a genetically influenced disorder and they are a common cause for disability (Ruschel & Jesus, 2023). This study seeks to examine the affective stance of college students towards their migraines. Affective stance refers to overt expressions of emotions in relation towards a particular entity to convey an emotional position in relation to that entity (Du Bois & Kärkkäinen, 2012, Kiesling 2022). Since this study was seeking to research a specific community, both participants were recruited because of their migraine experience. The findings of this study reveal that college students generally take a negative stance towards their migraine experiences, …

The Body In Pieces: Towards A Feminist Phenomenology Of Violence, Archana Kaku

Arts & Sciences Articles

This article proposes that feminist phenomenology offers an essential set of conceptual tools for analysing forms of violence which destroy the body beyond the point of death. To illustrate the potential utility of this approach, I apply this lens to the 11 September 2001 attack on the World Trade Center in Manhattan, New York City. I identify several distinct modes of bodily transformation from the attack, grouped into three broad categories: vaporised bodies, intermingled remains, and hidden fragments. I describe how these transformations unsettled the relationships between bodies and contexts, and occasioned the formation of new relationships in ways that …

Teachers’ Referral Practices: Opportunities For School Counselor Advocacy, Maggie Parker, Alex Ostrander, Emily Decker, Sarah Ray

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

Using Consensual Qualitative Research, researchers examined teachers’ experiences in the student referral process, specifically how they determined when and to whom a referral should be made. Results indicate that teachers actively work to engage students and families in strong relationships to avoid referrals and that certain behaviors are more likely to result in specific referrals (e.g., externalizing to discipline). Implications for school counselors and school counseling advocacy and limitations of this study are discussed.

Examining Indiana’S State-Recognized Comprehensive School Counseling Programs, Caseload, And Academic Outcomes Of Diverse Student Populations, Marsha L. Rutledge, Melanie Burgess, Kenya G. Bledsoe, Jaimie Stickl Haugen

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

In the age of accountability, school counselors are responsible for ensuring that their services are effective for all students by providing evidence of the impact of comprehensive school counseling programs (CSCPs) on student academic outcomes. Numerous studies provide empirical evidence of the impact of RAMP on student outcomes; however, none have disaggregated outcome data by race/ethnicity. Reviewing disaggregated scores will aid in how CSCPs and school counselor caseloads support specific student populations and assist in closing student opportunity gaps. Using an archival dataset from Indiana DOE (n=264), we sought to understand the impact of a state-recognized CSCP and …

Ecological Barriers To Comprehensive School Counseling Program Implementation, Kristi D. Kratsa, Derron Hilts, Jered B. Kolbert, Matthew Joseph, Matthew L. Nice, Laura M. Crothers

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

According to the American School Counselor Association (ASCA), schools designated as Recognized American School Counselor Model Programs (RAMP) demonstrate, through evidence, an alignment with the ASCA National Model, widely recognized as the standard for comprehensive school counseling programs (CSCPs). Empirical investigations of the barriers to achieving the RAMP-designation have primarily focused on the intra- and interpersonal characteristics of the schools’ counselors, with little attention to macro-systemic factors. Grounded in McMahon et al.’s (2014) ecological school counseling framework, we investigated whether macro-systemic characteristics including region, institution type, community setting, and program funding significantly and uniquely predict RAMP-designation above and beyond school …

Continuity And Change In Saudi Arabia’S Development And Humanitarian Aid, Narayani Sritharan, Ammar A. Malik, Asad Sami

AidData

This paper delves into the motivations and drivers behind Saudi Arabia’s foreign aid, shedding light on the interplay between geopolitics, religious affinity, and strategic objectives. Drawing on newly released empirical data from the Saudi Aid Platform (SAP) dataset, encompassing 47 years of aid delivery, the study seeks to answer the long-standing debate surrounding the factors shaping Saudi Arabia’s foreign aid decisions. The study focuses on two pivotal periods: the Bosnian War and the post-Arab Spring era. By examining Saudi aid allocations during these periods, we investigate the influence of foreign policy and geostrategic objectives versus the humanitarian needs of the …

The Matching Function And Nonlinear Business Cycles, Joshua Bernstein, Alexander W. Richter, Nathaniel A. Throckmorton

Arts & Sciences Articles

The Cobb-Douglas matching function is ubiquitous in labor search and matching models, even though it imposes a constant matching elasticity that is unlikely to hold empirically. To examine the implications of this discrepancy, this paper uses a general constant returns to scale matching function to derive conditions that show how the cyclicality of the matching elasticity affects the shape of the job finding rate as a function of productivity and amplifies or dampens nonlinear labor market dynamics. It then shows that modest variation in the matching elasticity, consistent with recent estimates, significantly affects higher order moments and optimal policy. This …

Creating New Knowledge With Undergraduate Students: Institutional Incentives And Faculty Agency, Kelebogile Zvobgo, Paula M. Pickering, Jamie E. Settle, Michael J. Tierney

Arts & Sciences Articles

Undergraduate students today face a more demanding and competitive labor market than their parents’ generation. In response, some pursue double majors to signal breadth to potential employers and to improve their job prospects. Some students also realize that a strong signal of workplace readiness is acquiring in-demand skills through independent and collaborative research. In this article, four professors at an undergraduate-focused public university in the United States share their experiences working with undergraduate students on research, focusing on the “supply side” of student research training and mentoring. We discuss how institutions can support differently situated faculty members, who face different …

Counsellor's Corner: An Interview With Sal Mendaglio, Tracy L. Cross

SENG Journal: Exploring the Psychology of Giftedness

No abstract provided.

Sternberg’S Transformational And Transactional Giftedness: A Dabrowskian Interpretation, Salvatore Mendaglio

SENG Journal: Exploring the Psychology of Giftedness

Sternberg’s (2020) transformational and transactional giftedness are based on a theory of leadership. Transformational leaders are highly moral, make changes that benefit members and society. They are concerned with members’ well-being and development. Transactional leaders are motivated by self-interest, concerned with members’ compliance with expectations and standards. Qualities of these forms are applied to giftedness, yielding transformational and transactional giftedness. Sternberg’s presentation and a review of leadership literature were examined from the perspective of Dabrowski’s theory of positive disintegration. It is concluded that they resonate well with Dabrowski’s theory. The current article suggests that Sternberg’s transactional and transformational giftedness resemble …

The Pursuit Of Eriksonian Fidelity In Education For The Gifted: A Literature Review Exploring Its Interpersonal And Intrapersonal Determinants, Anyesha Mishra

SENG Journal: Exploring the Psychology of Giftedness

This review of literature introduces Erikson’s psychosocial theory in relation to identity development and fidelity. It explores the intrapersonal and interpersonal determinants of fidelity and identity development as described by Erikson, with a specific focus on the role of schools and the challenges faced by students with gifts and talents (SWGT). It explores the unique challenges faced by SWGT in their identity development journey, such as boredom, underachievement, and social isolation. The social aspects of identity construction and the influence of educational institutions on students’ identity development have been highlighted. It emphasizes the significance of creating a supportive learning environment …

Basic Psychological Needs, Socioeconomic Status, And Well-Being Of Undergraduate Honors And Non-Honors Students, Rebecca M. Johnson, Rachel Mun, Jaret Hodges, Anne Rinn

SENG Journal: Exploring the Psychology of Giftedness

Basic psychological needs, socioeconomic status and involvement in honors programs may impact well-being of undergraduate students. This exploratory study examines these factors and uses Self-Determination Theory as a lens to interpret the effect on well-being of undergraduate honors and non-honors students. Self-Determination Theory is a macro theory of motivation and personality development that relates to individuals’ need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and addresses the social-emotional and cognitive components needed to ensure individuals’ well-being. In this study, researchers examined the relationship among basic psychological needs, socioeconomic status, honors participation, and well-being of 252 undergraduates. Results of a …

Frank Worrell: An Interview With A Multitalented Psychologist, Tracy L. Cross

SENG Journal: Exploring the Psychology of Giftedness

No abstract provided.

Full Issue, Tracy L. Cross

SENG Journal: Exploring the Psychology of Giftedness

No abstract provided.

Race And Racial Exclusion In Security Studies: A Survey Of Scholars, Kelebogile Zvobgo, Arturo C. Sotomayor, Maria Rost Rublee, Meredith Loken, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

Increased attention to racialized knowledge and methodological whiteness has swept the political science discipline, especially international relations. Yet an important dimension of race and racism continues to be ignored: the presence and status of scholars of color in the discipline. In contrast to other fields, there is little research on (under)representation of scholars of color in security studies, and no systematic studies of race and racial exclusion that center their voices and experiences. Building on scholarship that contends with the fundamental whiteness of academia and knowledge creation, we present results from a 2019 survey of members of the International Security …

An Analysis Of The Reconceptualizing The Achieving Success Everyday Group Counseling Model, Norma L. Day-Vines

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

This article provides an evaluation of Steen et al.’s (2023) systematic review of group counseling interventions with Black male students. The article highlights strengths of the review including the effort to center the specific and unique needs of Black male students, the avoidance of comparative frameworks, and the use of critical race theory as an organizing principle so researchers do not problematize Black boys, the social and cultural heterogeneity of Black boys. Recommendations for future research include the consideration of students’ intersectional identities and studies that exhibit more methodological rigor.

A Commentary Response To The Article Reconceptualizing The Achieving Success Everyday Group Counseling Model To Focus On The Strengths Of Black Male Middle School Youth, Kristopher M. Goodrich

Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation

The purpose of this commentary is to review the article Reconceptualizing the Achieving Success Everyday Group Counseling Model to Focus on the Strengths of Black Male Middle School Youth. In the commentary, the author complements the article authors on their strong foundation of critical race theory, their attention to the current status of scholarship surrounding Black middle school students, as well as their notes about the need for more rigorous methodology in the future. The commentary author offers the article authors suggestions surrounding how they may better situate the Achieving Success Everyday group model for readers less familiar with it …