Digital Commons Network^™

Are Women Nursing Academics Represented In University Leadership Positions?, Karen Livesay, Ruby Walter, Sacha Petersen, Lin Zhao

Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice

The nursing workforce constitutes the largest professional health workforce in Australia. Nursing is traditionally a female dominated profession. This study reviewed Australian universities that provide entry to practice nursing education. The study identified the distribution of females and males in leadership in nursing education, the positioning of the discipline in the university, and where nurses occupy leadership roles above the nursing discipline (faculty/college). Of the 37 universities that offered entry to practice nursing, more females were evident. However, more men were evident in academia than the proportion of men in nursing outside of the academic setting. Leadership nomenclature varied within …

Who Is A Tired Student? Fatigue And Its Predictors From A Gender Perspective., Agata Zdun-Ryżewska, Natalia Nadrowska, Krzysztof Basiński, Maciej Walkiewicz, Magdalena Błażek

Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice

The level of fatigue among medical students is increasing. Exhaustion is an essential symptom of burnout, which may occur even while a student. Our exploratory study sought to identify the characteristics of tired students and to describe factors determining fatigue among medical students. The studied group consisted of second-year medical students (N=193) from a Polish medical university. Statistically significant differences in fatigue appeared between male and female students. We obtained positive correlations between intensity of fatigue and sleepiness, pain intensity, stress, anxiety, depression and negative health conditions, life satisfaction, emotional stability, conscientiousness, and self-efficacy. Predictors relevant for female fatigue were …

Work Like A Girl: Redressing Gender Inequity In Academia Through Systemic Solutions, Kelly-Ann Allen, Kerryn Butler-Henderson, Andrea Reupert, Fiona Longmuir, Ilana Finefter-Rosenbluh, Emily Berger, Christine Grove, Amanda Heffernan, Nerelie Freeman, Sarika Kewalramani, Shiri Krebs, Levita Dsouza, Grace Mackie, Denise Chapman, Marilyn Fleer

Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice

Historically, the professional structure of higher education has provided restricted employment, career, and leadership opportunities for women. This is exacerbated where there is an intersection between gender and race, culture, religion, or age. Women continue to be underrepresented in senior leadership positions across a range of disciplines, and this lack of representation of women within the professional structure of higher education itself acts as a barrier for more women reaching senior levels within institutions. More women are needed in higher positions to increase representation and visibility, and to encourage and mentor others to then aspire to follow a similar path. …

Gender-Based Violence, Abortion And Sexual And Reproductive Health In Rwanda: Myth And Reality, Jeune Marjorie Pritchard

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

In the wake of Rwanda’s 1994 genocide, former rebel leader turned President Paul Kagame set about restructuring the shattered state on a foundation of gender equality policies, arguing gender mainstreaming was crucial to national reconstruction. These policies have been acclaimed internationally and domestically. The existence of impressive gender equality legislation is extremely good politics for a state dependent on foreign aid, and Kagame’s has skillfully leveraged international genocide guilt following the global abandonment of any responsibility to intervene and stop the killing. The political strategy of gender mainstreaming has delivered Kagame and his government an international reputation as a progressive …

Exploring The Use Of A Care-Focused Approach To Foster Gender Inclusion In The Construction Industry In Australia, Kanchana Wijayawardena

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

Construction engineering is one of the industries in Australia where researchers and practitioners attempt to close the gender gap via various policies and practices. However, even after some decades, the construction-engineering industry in Australia still reports low female participation, and the problem remains unsolved. Although a few studies have focused on finding why the current policies and practices fail to increase the female representation in male-dominant industries, there is very little use of an “inclusion lens” to identify how to retain women while enhancing their sense of inclusion at work. It is believed that unlike other concepts, such as diversity, …

Women In Modern Medicine In India: Progression, Contribution, Challenges And Empowerment, Sharad Khattar

Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal

Womens’ representation in most of the professions in India was been dismally low before the country gained independence. This can be attributed to the customs and traditions which have been in vogue through the centuries. Women’s accepted role within the confines of the home and seclusion from males other than the family members were two reasons which contributed to women not being part of many professions. Medicine as a profession reflected this and thus the representation of women in medicine was insignificant in the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. However certain measures during the period began …

Women And Wealth: Financial Propinquity To Business Success, Nikunj Aggarwal, Harjit Singh

Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal

Around the globe, women’s income and wealth are increasing as never before. Prevailing economic, demographic, and technological changes are growing women’s financial strength and independence. Be it finance, marketing, supply chain or ICT based industry, women have made incredible strides, both at professional and social fronts, particularly in the two decades. Today they are better educated, well placed and have greater accountability in the corporate world and are frontrunners in many professions. Consequently, women, particularly in developing countries like India and China have become economic powerhouses. They not only significantly contribute to GDP but also are becoming a substantial untapped …

Gender Distributions In New Zealand Universities: Guilt In Brotopia, Hedy Huang, Jing Wang

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

The article sets out first to discover the gender balance in universities in New Zealand. The analysis examines three disciplinary areas: the hard and soft disciplines plus accounting, the latter as a discipline of gender balance on entry. The goal is to explain gender imbalance by advancing the problem of internal obstacles such as guilt. The article acknowledges the social constructions that engender imbalance but argues that for a sufficient explanation the internal responses to external constructions should be considered. The method involves an analysis of gender distributions at junior and senior levels in New Zealand universities, relevant case studies …

#Ustoo: Control Pathologies And Gender In East Asia, Jing Wang, Gary S. Monroe

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

Many East Asian companies employ a Confucian management style. A Confucian management style is characterized by: paternalism, centralized control, harmony and expectations of obedience (Miles and Goo, 2013).1 Accounting is a mechanism that enables control by providing knowledge that can be used to control employees and with such control come expectations of obedience. Several accounting researchers have employed the Foucauldian concepts of surveillance, enclosure and the making of efficient, docile bodies to show how accounting enables managers to discipline, control performance and exact obedience (Knights and Collinson,1987; Cowton and Dopson, 2002; Hopper and Macintiosh, 1993; Macintosh, 2002). While these case …

The Quantification Of Migrant Labour From The Pacific: Gender And The F…..G Plaza, Jing Wang, Keith Hooper, James Prescott, Nadesa Goundar

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

Prescott and Hooper (2009) drew attention in their paper to the change for Pasifika workers having to adapt from a “commons” driven society to an “anti-commons” society. They showed how migrants coming from a task orientated society had to adapt very quickly to what the French writer Foucault (1977a) identified as a disciplinary regime characterised by measurement, and surveillance from invisible managers. Compare this with, for example, the task of fishing among an island community. Fishing depends on nature. The tides, currents, winds and weather must all be right there being no fixed time of starting.

One Hundred Years: Gender And Prestige: A Comparison Of Australian Novelists; 1920-1945 And 1990-2016, Julie Keys

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

This doctorate investigates the history of gender inequality within Australia's literary and arts culture and poses the question - is it any easier for contemporary women writers to achieve acclaim today than it was for their counterparts in the inter/war years, 1920 - 1945?

The research is presented in two parts, a novel, Triptych, which contrasts the lives of two women of different generations and their respective experiences of gender inequality, and a research thesis which offers a detailed analysis of the impact of gender inequality on Australian women writers, especially in their quest for recognition and acclaim.

Gender Differences In The Impact Of Weight-Related Stigmatisation On Self-Determined Motivation And Physical Activity In Individuals With Overweight And Obesity, Krystal Sattler

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

Stigmatisation based on an individual’s weight remains a prevalent occurrence across the world. This form of stigma has been shown to impact psychological, behavioural, motivational and physiological domains for not only individuals with overweight and obesity, but also those within the normal weight ranges. Despite impacting individuals across all weight ranges, weight-related stigma appears particularly salient for those with overweight and obesity with evidence that rates of stigma increase as weight status increases. It is well established that having overweight or obesity increases an individual’s risk for a variety of medical conditions that impact quality of life and morbidity. However, …

Having Gender In Mind, Nick Brancazio

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

The enactive, embodied approach to cognition gives us new ways of looking at the situatedness of our cognitive processes. Enactivism views cognition in terms of multiple nested processes spanning brain, body, and world. In contrast to more conventional computational or representational accounts of cognition, enactivism emphasizes the non-reductive nature of cognition through its interdisciplinarity and advocation for dynamical rather than mechanistic explanatory models. Using this framework, I explore the fertile ground at the crossroads of situated cognition, feminist theory, and epistemology. I first argue that the enactive approach provides better resources for discussing epistemic situatedness, as discussed in feminist epistemology …

Rupaul's Drag Race Is Still Figuring Out How To Handle Gender And Race, Scott J. Mckinnon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

For a reality TV show about a queer subculture, RuPaul's Drag Race has achieved extraordinary success. In the show, which winds up another series this Friday, drag queens compete to be named "America's Next Drag Superstar". Across 13 seasons (including three of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars) it has graduated from niche programming on the LGBT cable station Logo to a mainstream, award-winning hit on the widely viewed VH1. In Australia, the show streams on Stan and is often highlighted as a drawcard in its ad campaigns. The show's wit and glamour go some way to explaining this success. Just …

Men's Perspectives On The Impact Of Female-Directed Cash Transfers On Gender Relations: Findings From The Hptn 068 Qualitative Study, Makhosazane Nomhle Khoza, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Fiona Scorgie, Jennifer Hove, Amanda Selin, John Imrie, Rhian Twine, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor, Catherine L. Mac Phail

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

HIV is an inherently gendered disease in eastern and southern Africa, not only because more women than men are infected, but also because socially constructed gender norms work to increase women's HIV-infection risk. The provision of cash transfers to young women alone in such a context adds another dimension to already existing complex social relations where patriarchal values are entrenched, gender inequality is the norm, and violence against women and girls is pervasive. It raises concerns about complicating young women's relationships with their male partners or possibly even setting them up for more violence. In our attempt to understand how …

Gender Bias In Medical Images Affects Students' Implicit But Not Explicit Gender Attitudes, Rhiannon Parker, Theresa A. Larkin, Jonathan P. Cockburn

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

Medical education curricula have the potential to impact the gender attitudes of future healthcare providers. This study investigated whether gender-biased imagery from anatomy textbooks had an effect on the implicit and explicit gender attitudes of students. We used an online experimental design in which students (N = 456; 55% female) studying anatomy were randomly assigned to a visual priming task using either gender-neutral or gender-biased images. The impact of this priming task on implicit attitudes was assessed using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the impact on explicit attitudes was measured using the Gender Bias in Medical Education Scale. Viewing …

Gender Inequalities In Science Won't Self-Correct: It's Time For Action, Sarah Hamylton, Ana Concejo, Luciana Esteves, Shari L. Gallop

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Harassed on fieldtrips. Excluded from projects. On the receiving end of micro-aggressions. A lack of female role models. These are some of our collective experiences as women working in science and engineering.

From Rice Eaters To Soy Boys: Race, Gender, And Tropes Of ‘Plant Food Masculinity’, Iselin Gambert, Tobias Linné

Animal Studies Journal

Tropes of ‘effeminized’ masculinity have long been bound up with a plant-based diet, dating back to the ‘effeminate rice eater’ stereotype used to justify 19th-century colonialism in Asia to the altright’s use of the term ‘soy boy’ on Twitter and other social media today to call out men they perceive to be weak, effeminate, and politically correct (Gambert and Linné). This article explores tropes of ‘plant food masculinity’ throughout history, focusing on how while they have embodied different social, cultural, and political identities, they all serve as a tool to construct an archetypal masculine ideal. The analysis draws on a …

Legal And Medical Aspects Of Diverse Gender Identity In Childhood, Felicity Bell, Anthony Bell

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Boardroom Gender Diversity And Stock Liquidity: Evidence From Australia, Ammad Ahmed, Searat Ali

Faculty of Business and Law - Papers

In this study, we investigate the relationship between gender-diverse boards and stock liquidity in Australia. We expect that the gender-diverse boards, with their efficient monitoring functions, lead to higher stock liquidity that has positive implications for market efficiency. Consistent with the notion, we find, using 944 Australian firms from 2008 to 2013, that boardroom gender diversity is significantly and positively associated with stock liquidity. Our findings are robust to a series of endogeneity checks and to alternative proxies for gender diversity and stock liquidity. Our results reject the assumption of women on the board as ‘tokens’ and also provide support …

Gender-Specific Symptomatology In Depression: Implications For Assessment And Treatment, Anna Cavanagh

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

A growing body of research suggests that depressed men are more likely to express alternative symptoms that are currently not included in standard diagnostic depression criteria. Findings on this topic, however, have been inconclusive and it remains unclear which symptoms accurately identify depression in men. Without a sufficient and thorough understanding of gender-specific symptomatology in depression, depressed men might not receive appropriate treatment and support. Consequently, the overall aim of this thesis is to clarify whether men and women express different symptoms associated with depression and potential implications for assessment and treatment. This aim is addressed by critically reviewing existing …

Shōjo Jump: Women’S Fan Discourse And Its Transformative History With Gendered Youth Media, Kristine Michelle L. Santos

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+

Japan’s gendered media extend to young audiences where shōjo media cater to girls while shōnen media entertain boys. This division of youth media stems from Japan’s modernisation in the late twentieth century where youth magazines were established to educate their target audiences with various literacies and practices that shaped their gendered culture. Weekly Shōnen jump emerges from this gendered media landscape as it inspires young men with heroic adventures that highlight virtues of victory, camaraderie, and perseverance. This thesis, however, highlights an audience that challenges these gendered boundaries in youth media as young women affectively transform various elements from Weekly …

Crafting Masculinities: Gender, Culture And Emotion At Work In The Surfboard Industry, Andrew T. Warren

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article examines the masculinities of male workers in the context of an emotionally rich form of labour: surfboard-making. Contributing to emerging research around the emotional and embodied dimensions of men's working lives, the article maps the cultural, emotional and embodied dimensions of work onto masculine identity construction. Combining cultural economy theory, emotional geographies and in-depth ethnographic methods, I reveal how surfboard-making has become a gendered form of work; how jobs rely on (and impact) the body and what surfboard-making means to workers outside of financial returns. Following a manual labour process, and informed by Western surfing subculture, commercial surfboard-making …

Cooks And Chefs: Gender In British Food Writing, Charlotte Julie Allen

University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016

This thesis explores the work of five of Britain’s most prominent food writers - Delia Smith, Jamie Oliver, Nigella Lawson, Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall and Nigel Slater - to illustrate how food writing in Britain emanates from a range of gendered positions.

The literature chapter illustrates the various meanings of the gendered literary performances to be studied in this thesis, and broadly defines what is meant by a masculine, a feminine and a queer perspective for the purposes of this study. Beginning with Judith Butler it then uses supporting evidence from other gender scholars to examine the impact and effect of gender …

Sexuality, Gender And Youth Sport, Jan Wright

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

There are two main themes underpinning most research and writing on gender, sexuality and youth sports: a concern with social inequalities based on gender and sexuality, and a concern with sport as a site where limiting gender norms are (re)produced for boys, girls, young women and men. The two themes are not distinct but are often intertwined in discussions of gender and sexuality in relation to youth sports. For example, girls' limited access to and different experience of sports, such as the different codes of football, are not only about fewer resources or opportunities but about the ways the practices …

Gender, Ethnicity And Sustainable Mobility: A Governmentality Analysis Of Migrant Chinese Women's Daily Trips In Sydney, Gordon R. Waitt, Sophie-May Kerr, Natascha Klocker

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The automobile is acknowledged as an urgent environmental sustainability issue in cities where it remains pivotal to everyday life and society. We explore the potential of migrants - from societies where urban spaces and everyday life are not centred on the automobile - to elucidate pathways for reducing car dependence. This paper explores the sustainability implications of everyday mobility decisions in Sydney, Australia, through the mobility discourses of female migrants from China. Our governmentality analyses suggest a preference, among female Chinese migrants, to initially walk and cycle after arriving in Sydney. Many expressed a fear rather than a love of …

Sexual Harassment And Gender Discrimination In Wildland Fire Management Must Be Addressed, Christine Eriksen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Sexual harassment and gender discrimination are behavioral patterns not uncommon in the many varied settings of wildland fire. Whether in the classroom, on the fireline, in a government or non-governmental organization office, women and men are subjected to and are targets of sexual harassment and gender discrimination on a daily basis. The prevalence of this issue, its causes, its impacts, and potential solutions are the foci of this Associa- tion for Fire Ecology (AFE) position paper.

A Psychometric Evaluation Of The Gender Bias In Medical Education Scale, Rhiannon Parker, Philip Parker, Theresa A. Larkin, Jonathan P. Cockburn

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Enduring Debates: Closing The Gender Gap In Japan, Vera C. Mackie

Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)

Women in Japan voted and stood for office for the first time on 10 April 1946. It was the country's first postwar election and the first election after the Japanese government amended the Electoral Law to include women. Of the 79 female candidates, 39 were elected to Japan's national parliament, the Diet. Seventy years on, what is the state of gender relations in Japan? What issues now stimulate feminist campaigns and activism?

Talking Yourself Into Work: Insights From Sociolinguistics About Gender And The Employment Interview, Mary Barrett

Faculty of Business - Papers (Archive)

This chapter gives a brief critical history of three phases of linguistic research into gender and language: an essentialist phase, a constructionist phase and a post-structuralist phase. It pays particular attention to the post-structuralist phase, which focuses on how meaning is actively constructed by both parties to a speech event such as a conversation, and the consequences of particular judgements by the more powerful participants, especially in 'gate-keeping' conversations such as job interviews. We pay particular attention to research into naturally occurring conversations, which employs conversation analysis (CA), an interactional sociolinguistics technique. Campbell and Roberts's (2007) CAbased study of intercultural …