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Evaluating Erosional Impacts On Open-Air Archaeological Sites Along The Doring River, South Africa: Methods And Implications For Research Prioritization, Christopher J.H. Ames, Sherrie Chambers, Matthew Shaw, Natasha Phillips, Brian G. Jones, Alex Mackay

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Open-air sites in arid and semi-arid landscapes are often subject to prolonged periods of exposure and episodes of erosion that can lead to the redistribution of artefacts and the loss of behaviorally significant spatial information. This is true along the Doring River, South Africa, where archaeologically rich sediment stacks with records exceeding 200,000 years are undergoing rapid erosion in response to modern climatic conditions and land use practices. This paper evaluates the impacts of past and future erosion on the disaggregation of artefacts from these open-air sites and the resulting loss of stratigraphic context and behaviorally significant spatial information. We …

Job Satisfaction And Career Intention Of Australian General Practice Nurses: A Cross‐Sectional Survey, Elizabeth J. Halcomb, Sonia Bird

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Purpose

The nursing workforce in Australian general practice has increased exponentially in size over recent years to meet the growing demand for health care. Nurses are more likely to remain working if they are satisfied with their jobs. Satisfaction is impacted by a complex range of factors, including the environment, workplace relationships, and the nurses’ role. Therefore, satisfaction data cannot be generalized across disparate clinical settings. This study sought to investigate the job satisfaction and turnover intentions of nurses working in Australian general practice.

Design and Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey of nurses employed in general practices across Australia was …

Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Formal (4 + 2) Cycloaddition Of Vinyl Benzoxazinanones With 3-Nitroindoles, Melissa Bird, Steven M. Wales, Christopher Richardson, Christopher J. T Hyland

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

A diastereoselective palladium-catalyzed dearomative formal (4 + 2) cycloaddition between vinyl benzoxazinanones and 3-nitroindoles has been developed. This reaction provides a concise route to tetrahydro-5 H-indolo[2,3-b ]quinolines in excellent yield (up to 94%) and diastereoselectivity (up to >98:2), with versatile functional handles including vinyl, nitro, and free NH groups.

Tsumeb: Zincolivenite And The Adamite-Olivenite Series, Malcolm J. Southwood, Martin Stevko, Paul F. Carr

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Tsumeb is one of the world’s premier localities for arsenate (and arsenite) minerals. At least eighty-four species containing the arsenate (or arsenite) anion groups have been confirmed from Tsumeb, which is the type locality for forty-two of them.

Soil Carbon Stocks Vary Across Geomorphic Settings In Australian Temperate Tidal Marsh Ecosystems, Connor Gorham, Paul Lavery, Jeffrey Kelleway, Cristian Salinas, Oscar Serrano

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© 2020, The Author(s). Tidal marshes rank among the ecosystems with the highest capacity to sequester and store organic carbon (Corg) on earth. To inform conservation of coastal vegetated ecosystems for climate change mitigation, this study investigated the factors driving variability in carbon storage. We estimated soil Corg stocks in tidal marshes across temperate Western Australia and assessed differences among geomorphic settings (marine and fluvial deltas, and mid-estuary) and vegetation type (Sarcocornia quinqueflora and Juncus kraussii) linked to soil biogeochemistry. Soil Corg stocks within fluvial and mid-estuary settings were significantly higher (209 ± 14 and 211 ± 20 Mg Corg …

Brown Adipose Tissue Activity Is Modulated In Olanzapine-Treated Young Rats By Simvastatin, Xuemei Liu, Xiyu Feng, Chao Deng, Lu Liu, Yanping Zeng, Chang Hu

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Background: Prescription of second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) to childhood/adolescent has exponentially increased in recent years, which was associated with the greater risk of significant weight gain and dyslipidemia. Statin is considered a potential preventive and treatment approach for reducing SGA-induced weight gain and dyslipidemia in schizophrenia patients. However, the effect of statin treatment in children and adolescents with SGA-induced dyslipidemia is not clearly demonstrated. Methods: To investigate the efficacy of statin interventions for reversing SGA-induced dyslipidemia, young Sprague Dawley rats were treated orally with either olanzapine (1.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.), simvastatin (3.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.), olanzapine plus simvastatin (O + S), or …

N- And C-Terminal Regions Of Αb-Crystallin And Hsp27 Mediate Inhibition Of Amyloid Nucleation, Fibril Binding, And Fibril Disaggregation, Emily Selig, Courtney Zlatic, Dezerae Cox, Yee-Foong Mok, Paul Gooley, Heath Ecroyd, Michael D. W Griffin

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© 2020 Selig et al. Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperones that inhibit amyloid fibril formation; however, their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. sHSPs comprise a conserved α-crystallin domain flanked by variable N- and C-terminal regions. To investigate the functional contributions of these three regions, we compared the chaperone activities of various constructs of human αB-crystallin (HSPB5) and heat-shock 27-kDa protein (Hsp27, HSPB1) during amyloid formation by α-synuclein and apolipoprotein C-II. Using an array of approaches, including thioflavin T fluorescence assays and sedimentation analysis, we found that the N-terminal region of Hsp27 and the terminal regions …

Alternative Mental Health Clinical Placements: Knowledge Transfer And Benefits For Nursing Practice Outside Mental Health Care Settings, Caitlin Goman, Christopher F. Patterson, Lorna Moxham, Theresa Harada, Amy M. Tapsell

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Aim and objectives To explore whether nursing student’s experiences at Recovery Camp have impacted their current nursing practices. Background Recently, there has been a move toward more holistic models of nursing care, which seek to break down barriers of stigmatisation and embrace the tenets of self‐determination, to acknowledge people with lived experiences of mental illness and their ability to manage their recovery. In that regard, future health professionals such as nursing students, will need to be educated in a manner that recognises the importance of lived experience. In this paper, we propose that Recovery Camp , an alternative clinical placement …

Early And Mid-Career Scientists Face A Bleak Future In The Wake Of The Pandemic, Justine Shaw, Yee Lian Chew

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a heavy toll on research in Australia. We surveyed 333 early and mid-career researchers in science, technical, engineering and medical (STEM) fields and found the impact on their productivity and mental health has been dire, with many considering leaving research altogether.

Telomere Length Varies Substantially Between Blood Cell Types In A Reptile: Telomere Length In Different Blood Cells, Mats M. Olsson, Nicholas Geraghty, Erik Wapstra, Mark R. Wilson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© 2020 The Authors. Telomeres are repeat sequences of non-coding DNA-protein molecules that cap or intersperse metazoan chromosomes. Interest in telomeres has increased exponentially in recent years, to now include their ongoing dynamics and evolution within natural populations where individuals vary in telomere attributes. Phylogenetic analyses show profound differences in telomere length across non-model taxa. However, telomeres may also differ in length within individuals and between tissues. The latter becomes a potential source of error when researchers use different tissues for extracting DNA for telomere analysis and scientific inference. A commonly used tissue type for assessing telomere length is blood, …

Uv-B And Drought Stress Influenced Growth And Cellular Compounds Of Two Cultivars Of Phaseolus Vulgaris L. (Fabaceae), Deborah Santos, Marcelo Ferreira, Tamara Matos, Wilton Sala-Carvalho, Fernanda Anselmo-Moreira, Lucas Roma, Juliana Carvalho, Miguel Pena-Hidalgo, Kris French, Melinda J. Waterman, Sharon A. Robinson, Claudia Furlan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© 2020 American Society for Photobiology Combined enhanced UV-B radiation and drought may induce different morphological and physiological alterations in plants than either abiotic stress alone. We evaluated morphology, biomass, and primary and secondary metabolism changes in seedlings of two common bean cultivars, IAC Imperador (drought-resistant) and IAC Milênio. To test the hypothesis that cultivars responded differently to combined stresses in a controlled environment, seedlings of the examined been cultivars were exposed to UV-B and/or drought treatments for three weeks. The cultivars behaved differently, especially to the drought treatment, suggesting that they use different mechanisms to cope with unfavorable environmental …

Pancreatitis And Biliary Obstruction Secondary To Duodenal Metastasis From Rapidly Progressing Lung Adenocarcinoma Treated With Common Bile Duct Stenting, Robert O'Neill, Tuan Duong, Welan Dionela, Claudia Rogge, Daniel Brungs

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterised by diffuse metastases, with common sites being the brain, liver, bones, and adrenal glands. Small bowel metastasis from NSCLC is a rare phenomenon, particularly in patients with an adenocarcinoma histology. We report the case of a 56-year-old lung adenocarcinoma patient with a duodenal metastasis diagnosed on FDG/PET-CT and confirmed on duodenal biopsy. Although initially asymptomatic, he subsequently presented with obstructive jaundice secondary to rapid local disease progression at the duodenal metastasis, requiring endoscopic intervention for biliary drainage. He was commenced on single agent pembrolizumab, with disease response on subsequent follow-up. This case highlights …

The Postprandial Effect Of Anthocyanins On Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Literature Review Of High-Fat Meal Challenge Studies, Vinicius Do Rosario, Jaclyn Spencer, Katrina Weston-Green, Karen E. Charlton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Purpose of review: Recurrent post-prandial metabolic imbalances are important contributing factors to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study evaluated whether anthocyanin consumption attenuates the deleterious postprandial response of high-fat meals on CVD risk factors including blood pressure, vascular endothelial function, lipid profile and biomarkers related to oxidative stress, antioxidant status and immune response. Recent findings: Five electronic databases were searched up to the period of 1 February 2020, yielding 13 eligible studies, including randomised or cross-over clinical trials (18–59 years of age), using PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD42019126265). …

The Effect Of Nut Consumption (Tree Nuts And Peanuts) On The Gut Microbiota Of Humans: A Systematic Review, Emily Fitzgerald, Kelly Lambert, Jordan Stanford, Elizabeth Neale

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© The Authors 2020. There is increasing evidence linking the gut microbiota to various aspects of human health. Nuts are a food rich in prebiotic fibre and polyphenols, food components which have been shown to have beneficial effects on the gut microbiota. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the evidence regarding the effect of nut consumption on the human gut microbiota. A systematic search of the databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and CINAHL was performed until November 28, 2019. Eligible studies were those that investigated the effects of nut consumption in humans (aged over three years old), utilising next-generation sequencing …

Teamwork And Social Cohesion Are Key: Nurses' Perceptions And Experiences Of Working In A New Decentralised Intensive Care Unit, Clare Loveday, Heidi Lord, Laura Ellwood, Kim Bonnici, Virginia Decker, Ritin S. Fernandez

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© 2020 Background: Decentralised nursing stations (DCNs) have gained popularity in new hospital designs owing to their positive impact on patient safety. However, the impact on the nurses' working environment and on continuity and quality of patient care is limited. Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe nurses' perceptions and experiences of the working environment and of patient care in a decentralised intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Twelve months after the establishment of the new decentralised ICU in a tertiary teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia, a prospective cross-sectional survey of registered nurses working in the unit was undertaken. …

Effects Of 38 Years Of Wildfires On Tree Density In The Blue Mountains, Australia, Simin Rahmani, Owen F. Price

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© 2020 Ecological Society of Australia Forests are vital for biodiversity, carbon storage and ecosystem services, but can be potentially threatened by fires. Given the significance of forests and fire in a changing climate, research into the long-term effects of fire on forests plays an important role in understanding the global carbon cycle by the forests functioning as a large terrestrial carbon sink or source. In this study, we used aerial photography from 1975 and 2013 to count the change in the number of trees in 560 dry sclerophyll plots (40 × 40m) in the Blue Mountains of Australia. We …

Nubian Levallois Reduction Strategies In The Tankwa Karoo, South Africa, Emily Hallinan, Matthew Shaw

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

The Middle Stone Age record in southern Africa is recognising increasing diversity in lithic technologies as research expands beyond the coastal-montane zone. New research in the arid Tankwa Karoo region of the South African interior has revealed a rich surface artefact record including a novel method of point production, recognised as Nubian Levallois technology in Late Pleistocene North Africa, Arabia and the Levant. We analyse 121 Nubian cores and associated points from the surface site Tweefontein against the strict criteria which are used to define Nubian technology elsewhere. The co-occurrence of typically post-Howiesons Poort unifacial points suggests an MIS 3 …

Endocrine Resistance In Breast Cancer: The Role Of Estrogen Receptor Stability, Sarah Jeffreys, Branka Powter, Bavanthi Balakrishnar, Kelly Mok, Patsy Soon, Andre Franken, Hans Neubauer, Paul De Souza, Therese Becker

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Therapy of hormone receptor positive breast cancer (BCa) generally targets estrogen receptor (ER) function and signaling by reducing estrogen production or by blocking its interaction with the ER. Despite good long-term responses, resistance to treatment remains a significant issue, with approximately 40% of BCa patients developing resistance to ET. Mutations in the gene encoding ERα, ESR1, have been identified in BCa patients and are implicated as drivers of resistance and disease recurrence. Understanding the molecular consequences of these mutations on ER protein levels and its activity, which is tightly regulated, is vital. ER activity is in part controlled via its …

Connecting Nutrition As A Hard Science And International Knowledge Networks: Proceedings Of The Fourth International Summit On Medical And Public Health Nutrition Education And Research, Eden Barrett, Mhairi Brown, Luke Buckner, James Bradfield, Ali Khalid, Celia Laur, Sumantra Ray

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Introduction: Nutrition is a â hard' science in two ways; the scientific rigour required for quality nutrition research, and equally, the challenges faced in evidence translation. Ways in which quality nutrition research can be synthesised and evidence effectively translated into practice were the focus of the Fourth Annual International Summit on Medical and Public Health Nutrition Education and Research. Setting: Wolfson College, University of Cambridge, and Addenbrookes Hospital at the Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, in July 2018. Key findings: …

Synthesis And Crystal Structure Of (±)-Goniotamirenone C, Pornphimol Meesakul, Christopher Richardson, Surat Laphookhieo, Stephen G. Pyne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

2020 International Union of Crystallography. All rights reserved. The structure of the racemic version of the natural product Goniotamirenone C [racemic anti-6-(2-chloro-1-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one, C13H11ClO3] at 150 K is reported. The compound crystallizes with monoclinic (P21/n) symmetry and with Z0 = 2. One independent molecule is ordered while the other independent molecule exhibits an interesting whole-molecule enantiomeric disorder with occupancies of 0.846 (4) and 0.154 (4). The independent molecules are hydrogen bonded with -OH... O=C linkages into chains that run parallel to the a axis. This structural analysis corrects our previous assignment as the syn isomer [Meesakul et al. (2020). Phytochemistry, 171, …

Severe Childhood And Adulthood Stress Associates With Neocortical Layer-Specific Reductions Of Mature Spines In Psychiatric Disorders, Dominic Kaul, Caine C. Smith, Julia Stevens, Anna S. Fröhlich, Elisabeth B. Binder, Naguib Mechawar, Sibylle G. Schwab, Natalie Matosin

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

Severe stress exposure causes the loss of dendritic spines on cortical pyramidal neurons and induces psychiatric-like symptoms in rodent models. These effects are strongest following early-life stress and are most persistent on apical dendrites. However, the long-term impacts and temporal effects of stress exposure on the human brain remain poorly understood. Using a novel postmortem cohort of psychiatric cases with severe stress experienced in childhood, adulthood, or no severe stress, and matched controls, we aimed to determine the impact of stress timing on pyramidal neuron structure in the human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). We performed Golgi Cox staining and manually measured …

A Multi-User Mobile Gis Solution For Documenting Large Surface Scatters: An Example From The Doring River, South Africa, Christopher J.H. Ames, Matthew Shaw, Corey O'Driscoll, Alex Mackay

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: Part B

This article discusses the development and implementation of a mobile GIS catch-and-release system for documenting large surface artifact scatters along the Doring River in South Africa. An integrated, cloud-based mobile GIS solution was built using a suite of ESRI ArcGIS applications with an aim to maximize the speed and breadth of techno-typological data capture, while minimizing data collection errors and post-processing requirements. The system was successfully implemented during the 2019 field season of the Doring River Archaeological Project. With the ability for project-specific customization and interchangeable hardware components, the system transcends geographic region and temporal focus. Moreover, the system accommodates …