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Articles 31 - 60 of 74
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Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: The Virginia Limited Liability Company Act, S. Brian Farmer, Louis A. Mezzullo
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: The Virginia Limited Liability Company Act, S. Brian Farmer, Louis A. Mezzullo
University of Richmond Law Review
Since the passage of the sixteenth amendment' in 1913 and the income tax legislation adopted thereunder, the development of new forms of business entities has been driven largely by the desire to harmonize two goals: limited liability for the owners of the entity and pass-through treatment of the entity for income tax purposes.
Free Speech And The Mandated Disclosure Of Information, R. George Wright
Free Speech And The Mandated Disclosure Of Information, R. George Wright
University of Richmond Law Review
This essay focuses on one element of an important, unresolved question in free speech law. The broader unresolved question concerns how freedom of speech, as a legal and social institution, operates best or most efficiently. Our society has often debated how an economy, as a legal and social institution, functions best. On this analogous question, we have generally concluded that the national economy ought to manifest a mixture of at least minimally voluntary marketplace exchanges and appropriate forms of government regulation.
The Threat Of A Second Constitutional Convention: Patrick Henry's Lasting Legacy, Jeffery K. Mitchell
The Threat Of A Second Constitutional Convention: Patrick Henry's Lasting Legacy, Jeffery K. Mitchell
University of Richmond Law Review
The Bill of Rights secured the individual freedoms that constitute the mainstay of American liberty. The Framers of the Constitution did not include these vital rights in the original version of the document. In fact, the first ten amendments were proposed by Congress to secure ratification of the Constitution and, more importantly, to prevent a second constitutional convention.
Virginia Law Of Products Liability, Thomas W. Williamson Jr.
Virginia Law Of Products Liability, Thomas W. Williamson Jr.
University of Richmond Law Review
When the history of Twentieth Century America's jurisprudence is chronicled, a prominent chapter will be devoted to the rise of product liability law. At the beginning of the century, a person injured by a defective product usually had no recourse against either the product's seller or manufacturer. By 1970, the barriers obstructing recovery had been dismantled and it was generally accepted that a seller or manufacturer of a product would be strictly liable to anyone injured by the defective condition of the product.
The Discourse Ethics Alternative To Rust V. Sullivan, Gary Charles Leedes
The Discourse Ethics Alternative To Rust V. Sullivan, Gary Charles Leedes
University of Richmond Law Review
Legal theorists in the United States should pay more attention to Jiirgen Habermas. His theory of discourse ethics provides us with an enriched understanding of the term "normative validity." Discourse ethics "is concerned ...with the grounding of normativity . . .; its central focus is the . . . specification of appropriate validation procedures."' Once participants in political discourse agree on validation procedures, they are then in a position to achieve a fully rational consensus about normatively right laws that are in everyone's best interests.
Reasonable Articulable Suspicion - The Demise Of Terry V. Ohio And Individualized Suspicion, Esther Jeanette Windmueller
Reasonable Articulable Suspicion - The Demise Of Terry V. Ohio And Individualized Suspicion, Esther Jeanette Windmueller
University of Richmond Law Review
The plethora of law review articles and cases on search and seizure demonstrates the confusion and frustration in fourth amendment stop-and-frisk jurisprudence. The fourth amendment to the Constitution guarantees that persons will be free of "unreasonable searches and seizures . . . and no Warrants shall issue but upon probable cause." A "stop-and-frisk" is a warrantless detention and search of a person by a police officer to investigate for unlawfulness. Although the United States Supreme Court has issued many investigative stop decisions, the Court has failed to promulgate a coherent and practical stop-and-frisk procedure for law enforcement personnel to follow. …
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Legal Issues Involving Children, Robert E. Shepherd Jr.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Legal Issues Involving Children, Robert E. Shepherd Jr.
University of Richmond Law Review
The past year was considerably more tranquil than recent years with regard to legal developments involving children. For example, there were no major United States Supreme Court decisions directly affecting children, and the 1991 Virginia General Assembly's actions impacted on children mainly through budget cuts and the disappointing abolition of the Department for Children - a result of those cuts. Virginia's child labor laws were extensively revised in 1991, but few of these revisions will make a noticeable difference in the work relationships of the state's youth because they largely conform state law to existing federal law. Finally, legislation was …
Employer Intentional Torts In Virginia: Proposal For An Exception To The Exclusive Workers' Compensation Remedy, Jodi Parrish Power
Employer Intentional Torts In Virginia: Proposal For An Exception To The Exclusive Workers' Compensation Remedy, Jodi Parrish Power
University of Richmond Law Review
Workers' compensation is a no-fault system of recovery implemented by statute in every state. Originating in the nature of a compromise, the workers' compensation system is the exclusive remedy between the employee and employer. The majority of states, however, recognize an exception to this exclusivity provision where an employer's actions constitute an intentional tort. Virginia has yet to recognize such an exception by statute or judicial action.
University Of Richmond Law Review
University Of Richmond Law Review
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Closing Of The Golden Door: Necessity, International Law And Freedom Of Religion Are Failing As Defenses For Sanctuary Movement Workers, Karen E. Lavarnway
The Closing Of The Golden Door: Necessity, International Law And Freedom Of Religion Are Failing As Defenses For Sanctuary Movement Workers, Karen E. Lavarnway
University of Richmond Law Review
Victor Walter Garcia Ortiz left El Salvador and came to the United States. In September 1980, he was deported from Los Angeles and returned to El Salvador. In November 1981, he was killed by the Salvadoran National Police. Santana Chirino Amayo was deported back to El Salvador in June 1981. In September 1981, his body was found, tortured and decapitated. Jose Umberto Santacruz Elias was returned to El Salvador in January 1981. He has not been heard from since. Octavio Osequeda, who was returned to El Salvador on July 12, 1982, was killed on July 13, 1982 by special police.
University Of Richmond Law Review
University Of Richmond Law Review
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Perfection And Enforcement Of A Mechanic's Lien In Virginia: A Defense Lawyer's Perspective, James L. Windsor
Perfection And Enforcement Of A Mechanic's Lien In Virginia: A Defense Lawyer's Perspective, James L. Windsor
University of Richmond Law Review
The right to a mechanic's lien in Virginia is statutorily created and the Supreme Court of Virginia requires strict adherence to these statutes. During mechanic's lien litigation, the validity of the underlying indebtedness to the claimant or the quality of the claimant's work often has little bearing on whether the lien is valid or enforceable. Rather, the question revolves around whether the claimant or his attorney substantially complied with the procedures mandated by the statutes as interpreted by the courts. These procedural or "technical" defenses are usually raised in the initial or preliminary stages of the litigation, long before any …
Understanding "Rights" And Bills Of Rights, Albert P. Blaustein, Carol Tenney
Understanding "Rights" And Bills Of Rights, Albert P. Blaustein, Carol Tenney
University of Richmond Law Review
Scholars hold that there are forty to fifty distinct human rights. History teaches that they should be constitutionally enshrined. In this modern era when constitution-making is multiplying, drafters of bills of rights must now determine questions of formulation and location. How should these forty to fifty distinct human rights be classified; where in these constitutions should these rights be recited?
Foreword, Patricia E. Mealer
Foreword, Patricia E. Mealer
University of Richmond Law Review
This issue of the Annual Survey of Virginia Law is very special. It completes volume twenty-five of the University of Richmond Law Review. Initially, the Law Review was published by the faculty. However, the publication of volume three marked the beginning of the Law Review as a student-run publication.
A Silvery Anniversary, History, Elizabeth B. Lacy
A Silvery Anniversary, History, Elizabeth B. Lacy
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Bankruptcy Law, Michael A. Condyles
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Bankruptcy Law, Michael A. Condyles
University of Richmond Law Review
This survey article reviews and analyzes legislative and judicial developments that have occurred in bankruptcy law between April 1989 and April 1991. This article intends to alert the general practitioner to significant recent developments in the bankruptcy area. The article focuses on legislative changes that have been made to the Bankruptcy Code and to Virginia statutory law, along with federal bankruptcy decisions issued within the Fourth Circuit. Where appropriate, Virginia state court cases dealing with bankruptcy issues are also addressed.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Business And Corporate Law, Rosalie Wacker O'Brien
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Business And Corporate Law, Rosalie Wacker O'Brien
University of Richmond Law Review
This article reviews recent developments in the law affecting Virginia businesses and corporations. Part II discusses judicial decisions, including: a United States Supreme Court decision concerning private rights of action under section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; a Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals opinion denying absolute priority to the FDIC as liquidator; two decisions interpreting the Virginia Stock Corporation Act, one by the Fourth Circuit denying the protection of the good faith standard to directors and one by the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia refusing to characterize a failed LBO/cash merger as …
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Construction Law, D. Stan Barnhill
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Construction Law, D. Stan Barnhill
University of Richmond Law Review
This article will review recent legislation and judicial decisions in Virginia affecting owners, contractors, and design professionals in the construction context. The discussion will include legislative amendments to the Code of Virginia ("Code") by the General Assembly promulgated in 1990 and the first half of 1991, as well as important cases on construction law decided by Virginia's state and federal courts for the last half of 1989, 1990, and the first half of 1991.
The Legal Nature Of Academic Freedom In United States Colleges And Universities, William H. Daughtrey Jr.
The Legal Nature Of Academic Freedom In United States Colleges And Universities, William H. Daughtrey Jr.
University of Richmond Law Review
The courts serve as the ultimate guardians of the free expression of ideas in colleges and universities throughout the United States. While the Constitution does not enumerate any specific right of academic freedom, the Supreme Court of the United States has employed the first and fourteenth amendments to help ensure that academic institutions can continue to be forums for the unfettered exchange of ideas. State constitutions and statutes also help de- termine the contours of academic freedom.
Books Received
University of Richmond Law Review
With this issue, the Editorial Board of the University of Richmond Law Review renews the publication of books of particular interest to the Virginia practitioner. We hope that this addition to the Annual Survey of Virginia Law will be of benefit to the practitioner as a source of current publications about Virginia law topics.
University Of Richmond Law Review
University Of Richmond Law Review
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Wills, Trusts, And Estates, J. Rodney Johnson
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Wills, Trusts, And Estates, J. Rodney Johnson
University of Richmond Law Review
The 1991 session of the General Assembly enacted legislation dealing with wills, trusts, and estates that added, amended, or repealed a number of sections of the Code of Virginia ("Code"). In addition to this legislation, there were six cases from the Supreme Court of Virginia and one from the Virginia Court of Appeals, in the year ending June 1, 1991, which involve issues of interest to both the general practitioner and the specialist in wills, trusts, and estates. This article analyzes each of these legislative and judicial developments.
The Like-Kind Exchange Of Partnership Interests Under Irc Section 1031(A)(2)(D): An Historical Analysis Of Alternative Approaches, Vincent John Piazza
The Like-Kind Exchange Of Partnership Interests Under Irc Section 1031(A)(2)(D): An Historical Analysis Of Alternative Approaches, Vincent John Piazza
University of Richmond Law Review
Before the Tax Reform Act of 1984, general partnership interests were considered like-kind property which could be exchanged tax-free under Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") section 1031(a). Prior to 1984, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") had tried unsuccessfully to convince the courts that the parenthetical clause of section 1031(a), which excludes certain exchanges of interests from the definition of like-kind property, encompassed all types of equity interests. Since the IRC did not specifically exclude partnership interests, judges were very reluctant to adopt the IRS's over-expansive reading of the statute. After making very little headway with the courts, the IRS and treasury …
The Availability Of Attorneys' Fees As A Necessary Cost Of Response In Private Cost-Recovery Actions Under Cercla, Heather M. Harvey
The Availability Of Attorneys' Fees As A Necessary Cost Of Response In Private Cost-Recovery Actions Under Cercla, Heather M. Harvey
University of Richmond Law Review
In 1980, Congress enacted the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ("CERCLA"). Its purpose was to remedy the environmental problems caused by abandoned hazardous waste sites. Prior to 1980, hazardous waste had been regulated primarily by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ("RCRA") and, to a lesser extent, by the Toxic Substances Control Act ("TSCA"). These statutes focused on the prevention of hazardous waste problems. Consequently, they proved inadequate to deal with the increasing threats posed by existing hazardous waste sites.' Congress drafted CERCLA to fill in the gap left by prior legislation.
Protecting The Environment: Creating A Citizen Standing-To-Sue Statute In Virginia, W. Scott Magargee
Protecting The Environment: Creating A Citizen Standing-To-Sue Statute In Virginia, W. Scott Magargee
University of Richmond Law Review
Recognizing that private citizens have generally been unable to obtain judicial review of state agency decisions affecting the environment, the General Assembly of Virginia recently resolved to study whether "the citizens of the Commonwealth are provided with adequate remedies for the protection of environmental interests. . ." Specifically, the General Assembly requested that the Institute of Environmental Negotiation at the University of Virginia form a committee to examine the problem and deliver its findings and recommendations during the Assembly's 1992 Session.
Redressing Wrongs Of The Blamelessly Ignorant Survivor Of Incest, Camille W. Cook, Pamela Kirkwood Millsaps
Redressing Wrongs Of The Blamelessly Ignorant Survivor Of Incest, Camille W. Cook, Pamela Kirkwood Millsaps
University of Richmond Law Review
Until recently, our society has refused to acknowledge and recognize the widespread incidence of incest. Childhood sexual abuse, especially incestuous abuse, has reached unconscionable proportions. A representative study by Dr. Diana E. H. Russell determined that as many as thirty-eight percent of the female population have experienced sexual molestation by the age of eighteen years. Formerly, psychiatrists, psychologists, therapists, and other investigators who did discover the severe effects of childhood incestuous abuse on adult women reacted by suppressing and denying their findings.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Property Law, Charles H. Rothenberg, Gloria L. Freye
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Property Law, Charles H. Rothenberg, Gloria L. Freye
University of Richmond Law Review
This article reviews selected judicial decisions and legislation affecting property law in Virginia during the past year. Part I of this article examines decisions of the Supreme Court of Virginia and the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia. Also included are several decisions from the United States Bankruptcy Courts for the Eastern and Western Districts of Virginia that examine the relationship between lenders and owners of commercial properties producing rental income.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Commercial Law, Michael J. Herbert
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Commercial Law, Michael J. Herbert
University of Richmond Law Review
This survey of commercial law in Virginia discusses significant Uniform Commercial Code ("Code") cases decided by the Virginia Supreme Court during the past year, as well as all significant statutory changes made to the Code during the 1991 session of the General Assembly. It also reviews selected Code cases decided in the Virginia circuit courts and in the various federal courts sitting in Virginia.
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Civil Procedure And Practice, George J. Dancigers, Michelle Redavid Rack
Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Civil Procedure And Practice, George J. Dancigers, Michelle Redavid Rack
University of Richmond Law Review
This article reviews recent developments and changes in legislation, case law, and Virginia Supreme Court Rules affecting civil litigation. The scope of the paper does not extend to criminal procedure or topics unique to equity practice.
Procedural Solutions To The Attorney's Fee Problem In Complex Litigation, Christopher P. Lu
Procedural Solutions To The Attorney's Fee Problem In Complex Litigation, Christopher P. Lu
University of Richmond Law Review
Justice William Brennan once observed that disputes about attorneys' fees are "one of the least socially productive types of litigation imaginable." Socially productive or not, attorneys' fees are a major problem in complex litigation today because of both the time and resources needed to determine appropriate fees and the public perception that fees are excessive. While the attorneys' fee problem is not unique to complex suits, the problem is magnified because: 1) complex suits are often more protracted than ordinary suits and necessarily require more lawyers; 2) many fee shifting statutes can be triggered in complex suits; and 3) class …