Digital Commons Network^™

Women Who Choose: The Theme Of Mothering In Selected Dramas, Becky K. Becker

Theses and Dissertations

Too often, the drama treats mothering as the expected outcome of marriage or as a biological necessity for women. Yet, dramatic texts which address the issue of mothering do exist. This paper examines the unique mothering choices made by the central characters in three dramatic texts: Sophie Treadwell’s Machinal. Ruth Wolff’s The Abdication, and Wendy Wasserstein’s The Heidi Chronicles.

Chapter One introduces the selected theories of Ann Dally, Nancy Chodorow, and Barbara Katz Rothman, theorists whose diverse perceptions concerning mothering converge to provide an analysis of the complexity of mothering choices. Chapters Two through Four include analyses of the three …

Enhancement Of Communication Competence: A Model For A Program For International Teaching Faculty At The University Of North Dakota, Linda S. Goldstone

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for a faculty development program to enhance the English communication competence of international teaching faculty (ITF) at the University of North Dakota (UND). Three case studies were conducted with the most comprehensive university ITF development programs in the United States. Coordinators of those programs were interviewed by telephone.

The content of the interviews was analyzed into a series of descriptive items. An item-to-item comparison was made across the three programs. The comparison revealed that all three ITF programs focused on the areas of language proficiency, cultural awareness, and pedagogical skills. …

Images Of Native American In Film: The Cases Of Broken Arrow, Dances With Wolves, And Black Robe, Pamela A. Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

This study demonstrates how the medium of film continues to depict Native Americans in stereotypical images. A critical analysis of three films: Broken Arrow (1950), Dances wilh-Wolves (1990), and Black Rohe (1992) supports the assumption and argument.

Critical review of these films were made for images of how Native Americans are portrayed. The images include negative portrayals of culture, customs, language, and wardrobe. A compare and contrast tool demonstrates perpetuated stereotypical images of Hollywood negative portrayals of Native Americans. A brief history of motion pictures discusses and presents the development of stereotypical images mvolving Native Americans.

The critical analysis of …

Spontaneous Luteolysis In The Cyclic Golden Hamster: Evidence For Mediation Through Inflammation And Apoptosis, Mark W. Rodacker

Theses and Dissertations

Mammalian corpora lutea (CL) are transient ovarian glands which function to support pregnancy by secretion of progesterone (P). Sustained P secretion during pregnancy in the hamster requires gonadotrophic support, i.e., follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (Prl). Infertile cycles require CL regression. In luteolysis, CL first regress functionally (FL) and then structurally (SL). FL permits the next estrous. Estrous occurs every fourth day in the hamster such that CL form, function briefly, and then regress rapidly and completely. With only one generation of CL present in each ovary at any one time, the hamster is an ideal model for studying …

The Nikolai Spafarii Calamity : The Dismal Failure Of Russia's First Ambassadorial Mission To China (1675), Heidi M. Stark

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Among Educational Philosophy And Discipline Policies, Procedures, And Practices, Alan G. Ekblad

Theses and Dissertations

One enduring mission of the educational system has been to promote classroom environments where children learn about responsible citizenship, disruption is minimized, and learning is maximized. This mission has supported the development of discipline policy, procedures, and practices as one component of an overall educational philosophy for school districts.

This study compared written educational philosophies, discipline policies, and procedures with actual practices reported by school personnel. The intent was to determine whether the statements corresponded with one another to promote practices for discipline that reflected a sound educational philosophy. It was questioned whether evidence of discrepancies between the statements correlated …

The Educational Systems Of Sparta And Athens, Robin N. Phillips

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Compulsory Heterosexuality In The Abdication And Queen Christina, Becky Beth Benedict

Theses and Dissertations

Contemporary playwrights, Ruth Wolff and Pam Gems, create portrayals of Queen Christina of Sweden in Wolff’s The Abdication and Gem’s Queen Christina, both of which can be perceived to contain the issues of culturally- encoded gender and sexual roles.

To compare and contrast the influence of these culturally-encoded gender and sexual roles within these plays, I have applied Adrienne Rich’s theory of “compulsory heterosexuality," which serves as a critical tool to clarify the similarities and differences of these issues within the selected dramatic texts. According to Rich, “compulsory heterosexuality” refers to the ideas that male-female coupling is the preferred choice …

The Effects Of Time And Misinformation On Memory For Complete Events, Mary K. Devitt

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the effects of time and misinformation on memory for fictitious events in SO students who were given course credit in return for their participation. During an initial meeting, subjects were provided with descriptions of four events. Every subject received fictitious information about spending the night in the hospital for an ear infection. One group of subjects was led to believe they had been lost in a shopping mail when in fact that had never occurred (The Suggested Lost group). A second group of subjects were told to develop a convincing story about being lost in a shopping …

Mothers' And Fathers' Responses On The Child Behavior Checklist: Are There Systematic Differences?, Ralph E. Casazza

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined parental responses on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and considered variables that may affect rating reliability. Subjects for the study were 82 matched parent-pairs who completed CBCL protocols on their clinic-referred children. Research variables included parent gender, child gender, and level of item objectivity. The data was analyzed at the CBCL scale (narrowband) and broadband (Externalizing and Internalizing) levels, utilizing analysis of mean differences, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and clinical classification agreement.

Results showed little or no mean difference between mothers' and fathers' scores, but a large degree of discrepancy for parent-pairs was evident. None of the …

The Campus Climate As Perceived By American Indian Students Attending The University Of North Dakota, Nancy D. Harles

Theses and Dissertations

The climate of a college or university had been identified as a critical factor in the success and/or failure of minority students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the campus racial climate as perceived by American Indian students attending the University of North Dakota (UND) at Grand Forks, North Dakota. American Indian students have been present on the UND campus since 1934. Over the years, their numbers have steadily increased, but their attrition rate has remained high.

In the spring semester of 1994, data were gathered using two survey instruments which were personally administered by the researcher …

Public Relations In The Bureaucracy, Kristen Freeman-Larson

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Sentinel Butte Petrified Wood And Host Lithology Associations, Todd Lawrence Holweger

Undergraduate Theses and Senior Projects

Large quantities of petrified wood occur in the Paleocene Sentinel Butte Formation in western North Dakota. An examination of this petrified wood has provided information about modes and degrees of fossilization, silica phases present, organic structure preservation, and parent tree type. In the study site, fossilized tree stumps were concentrated along one continuous clay horizon. Twenty petrified wood samples were obtained. Five representative samples were chosen for thin section characterization. Microscopic analyses revealed well preserved plant structures including rays, tracheids, and growth rings. These structures were suitable for identifying parent tree type, which was determined to be a gymnosperm. Silica …

Characterization Of A Riparian Wetland Renwick Reservoir, Pembina County, Nd, Jo Ann Harrer, Constance Holth

Undergraduate Theses and Senior Projects

Renwick Reservoir, on the Tongue River near Cavalier, North Dakota, was constructed in 1962 as part of a flood control project. The cost at completion was about $350,000. The reservoir was built assuming a 50-year life expectancy. North Dakota's W ater Quality Assessment Plan concludes that sediment accumulation has already diminished storage capacity and negatively affected recreational uses. Primary problems include pollutants consisting of nutrients, sediment accumulation, turbid water and organic enrichment. Forty-one percent of the sediments deposited are in the newly-formed riparian wetland at the headwaters of the reservoir. This problem illustrates a need to characterize wetlands in reservoirs. …

Fibromyalgia, Bruce T. Amundson

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

One of the more common diagnosis that a physical therapist treats in the clinic is fibromyalgia (FM). Fibromyalgia is the latest name given to a condition that, for the most part, has received mixed acceptance at the clinical level. Part of the reason that FM has been poorly accepted is due to the lack of a clearly defined set of signs and symptoms. In the last few years, new research has delineated the signs and symptoms in a manner that makes FM a more understandable condition.

The Merck Manual defines FM as a group of non-articular rheumatic disorders characterized by …

Rehabilitation Of The Surgical Repair Of A Recurrent Anterior Dislocation Of The Glenohumeral Joint, Kellie L. Beckley

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Increasingly shoulder dislocations and instabilities are being recognized among athletes as a common disabling condition in the health care setting today.

Dislocations of the shoulder represent approximately 50% of all major joint dislocations. Of these shoulder dislocations, 95% are anterior dislocations. After a primary anterior dislocation, recurrence of dislocation occurs in 90% to 95% of patients in their mid 20s or younger. A high percentage of these injuries occur in repetitive athletic activities in which large forces and high velocities are produced, such as hockey, football, and baseball.

Consequently with the recognition of instability as the primary etiological factor for …

The Effect Of Backward Treadmill Walking On Lower Extremity Kinetics, Scott Billing

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Many physical therapy diagnoses require minimal anterior loading of the knee in their rehabilitation protocols. These include, but are not limited to, tibial plateau fractures, patellofemoral pain, patellar fractures, quadriceps tendinitis, and status post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. In the clinical setting, backward walking (BW), or "retro-walking," is often used during the rehabilitation of such diagnoses. We propose backward walking will initiate greater hamstring recruitment due to the kinematics and kinetics of this gait pattern and thereby result in less anterior knee stress. It is the purpose of this research project to determine if hamstring recruitment can increase in a …

Gluteus Medius Inhibition In Association With Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction, Amy J. Clifford

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction is one of the most common diagnoses of low back pain. Musculoskeletal imbalance is one of the precipitating factors which cause sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJ). The gluteus medius, a primary stabilizer of the pelvis, has been observed clinically to be weak in a significant number of individuals with SIJ dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in gluteus medius function in subjects without SIJ dysfunction in comparison to subjects with SIJ dysfunction. To make this comparison, electromyographic data and information regarding lower extremity stability were collected using a force plate.

This study showed …

Management Of Spasticity: A Review Of Two Methods Of Medical Intervention, Andrea Grock

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Spasticity is an entity with which physical therapists are quite frequently faced. It is a common phenomenon among individuals who have sustained central nervous system damage. Spasticity is "associated with a wide variety of neurological diagnoses and may have benefits as well as negative qualities. The negative effects can lead to multiple complications which interfere with functions of every day living. Management of spasticity becomes necessary when it ~causes complications or interferes with function. There are several modes of intervention, including conservative physical therapy approaches and/or medical approaches.

The purpose of this independent study is to review two medical methods …

Total Quality Management In Physical Therapy: A Primer For Physical Therapists In Search Of Quality, Brian C. Kittelson

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Total quality management (TQM), a management system first successfully utilized in the manufacturing industry, has gained much popularity in the healthcare industry over the past few years. Books, articles, conferences, workshops, and video tapes that teach health care executives how to utilize TQM in their organizations abound. Unfortunately, resources which specifically apply the TQM philosophy and tools to the practice of physical therapy are few. The purpose of this project is to provide a resource that introduces the philosophy, methods, and tools of TQM with applications to the physical therapy setting.

Chapter one briefly discusses the general history of TQM …

Parkinson's Disease: An Exercise Approach To Treatment, Kara Lynn Klosterman

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Parkinson's Disease (PO) is a common neurological disorder affecting elderly people. Patients suffering from PO typically display three cardinal signs: tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. As the disease progresses, secondary symptoms develop. These cardinal signs and secondary symptoms decrease the patient's abilities to function during normal daily activity.

Physical therapists are specially trained in the evaluation and treatment of persons with movement disorders such as PD. Research demonstrates success in the treatment of PO when physical therapy services are utilized. Physical therapists educate patients and their families about PD. Via exercise, physical therapists prevent the onset of complications and improve the …

Analysis Of Normal Human Postural Response During Stance, Christy M. Kramer

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this paper is to review the literature that examines normal standing postural responses including sensory input and motor response. This literature review also reviews changes in the use of sensory input and motor response which occur throughout the human lifespan. In addition, this literature review questions whether physical therapy can assist patients whose postural responses are not within ranges considered normal.

The information in this literature review should assist people within the field of physical therapy to increase their awareness of normal postural responses during stance. It should also increase the awareness among practitioners of how normal …

Patient Compliance With Medical Regimens, Stacie R. Lund

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Patient compliance is defined as the patients' following a request, wish, or demand that a health care provider has decided is necessary and beneficial for the improvement of the health of the patient. Oftentimes, though suggestions by providers are in the patient's best interest, patients will instead either disregard what has been told to them or actively go against the suggestions. Certainly, the patient is the manager of his/her own health care program, however, noncompliance is a very common problem. There are several reasons for noncompliance, including the psychological make-up of the patient, the patient's social environment, the nature of …

Outcome Based Survey On The University Of North Dakota Physical Therapy Curriculum, Elizabeth L. Malae

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

According to the American Physical Therapy Association's (APTA) current Standards for Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education Programs, "Criterion A for Standard VI states: The Comprehensive curriculum plan includes an organized and sequential series of integrated student-oriented learning experiences designed to enhance attainment of terminal competencies." How can we be sure that these educational goals and objectives of achieving technical clinical competency and meeting the needs of society and the profession are being met? One method is to get feedback from the students involved in the physical therapy program by means of a survey. This study will examine the content and …

Fibromyalgia: Diagnosis And Management, Janet Mckinnon Rasmusson

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Fibromyalgia is a nonarticular rheumatic disease of unknown origin. It is diagnosed by the presence of widespread pain of more than three months duration and tenderness at 11 or more of 18 tender point sites. Typical symptoms of this syndrome are generalized pain, stiffness, and chronic fatigue due to sleep disturbances. Other uncommon symptoms include headaches, anxiety, depression, irritable bowel syndrome, and numbness. These symptoms become worse with the presence of modulating factors such as weather, stress, fatigue, overexertion, or inactivity.

The purposes of this independent study are to examine the prevalence and demographics of this disorder, discuss the etiology …

A Review Of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability, Marcy K. Narum

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Ankle injuries constitute one of the most common and most frequent injuries affecting the lower extremities, with lateral ligament sprains comprising the majority of the ankle injuries. The development of chronic lateral ankle instability is a relatively common occurrence following an acute ankle sprain. Previously the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability has been primary surgical intervention, but more recently the initial treatment is shifting toward a conservative approach emphasizing functional rehabilitation of the unstable ankle. Frequently the treatment of recurrent sprains and chronic instability addresses only the symptoms; however, a treatment program addressing the underlying causes of instability needs …

Hippotherapy: A Survey Of Therapists Nationwide, Yvette J. Normandin

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this study was to survey physical therapists nationwide who are involved with North American Riding for the Handicapped Association (NARHA) certified centers to obtain their perspectives regarding the need for more empirical research and outcome studies, benefits of Therapeutic Horseback Riding, and methods of objective evaluation utilized when determining patient improvement. Of the 261 surveys mailed, 125 (48.8%) were returned with 110 utilized for data interpretation.

Respondents indicated a large need for more empirical research to support therapeutic horseback riding as a treatment method and to facilitate increased acceptance by the medical field in general. Only a …

A Detailed Look At The Innovative Manual Therapy Technique: Strain/Counterstrain, Rochelle Skarperud

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of the following literature review is to provide the reader with information regarding the manual therapy technique of strain/counterstrain. The review will describe the origin, theory, rationale, and methods associated with the treatment technique of strain/counterstrain. The role of the muscle spindle and trigger point as utilized in the technique are discussed in detail, along with a comparison of strain/counterstrain to similar manual therapy techniques. Several of the techniques discussed are: acupressure, acupuncture, osteopathic manipulation, and muscle energy techniques. To further support the authors' viewpoints, several case studies are presented and reviewed. The general treatment techniques and guidelines …

The Effects Of Supramalleolar Orthoses On The Biomechanics Of The Knee, Foot, And Ankle During Gait: A Single-Subject Design, Jennifer Ruth Stauffer

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Gait deviations are a common problem associated with disorders of movement and posture such as cerebral palsy (CP). Inhibitive casts and ankle-foot orthoses have been used to treat gait deviations in children with CP, but they have not satisfied the needs of children who are able to achieve active dorsiflexion and plantarflexion but lack stability at the subtalar joint. Supramalleolar orthoses (SMOs) were developed to address that need. SMOs, along with physical therapy, have been used to treat children with CP, but little research has been conducted to determine the actual effects of the SMO on lower extremity biomechanics during …

The Effects Of Repeat Testing On Performance Scores Utilizing The Isostation B-200, Stephanie D. Kyes

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this experimental study was twofold: 1) to determine if there was a significant increase in performance, or learning effect, between the first and second test sessions on the Isostation B-200 for normal subjects, and 2) if so, was there a specific percentage of increase that can be attributed as a learning effect for each age, gender, or activity level.

Twenty-two subjects (8 men, 14 women) with no prior history or treatment for low back pain were utilized in this study. All subjects were tested in two positions. First, in an upright standing position and second, in twenty …