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Algorithm To Derive Inherent Optical Properties From Remote Sensing Reflectance In Turbid And Eutrophic Lakes, Kun Xue, Emmanuel Boss, Ronghua Ma, Ming Shen

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Inherent optical properties play an important role in understanding the biogeochemical processes of lakes by providing proxies for a variety of biogeochemical quantities, including phytoplankton pigments. However, to date, it has been difficult to accurately derive the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton [aph(λ)] in turbid and eutrophic waters from remote sensing. A large dataset of remote sensing of reflectance [ Rrs (λ)] and absorption coefficients was measured for samples collected from lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huai River basin (MLYHR), China. In the process of scattering correction of spectrophotometric measurements, the particulate absorption coefficients …

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Evaluating Satellite Estimates Of Particulate Backscatter In The Global Open Ocean Using Autonomous Profiling Floats, K. M. Bisson, E. Boss, T. K. Westberry, M. J. Behrenfeld

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Satellite retrievals of particulate backscattering (bbp) are widely used in studies of ocean ecology and biogeochemistry, but have been historically difficult to validate due to the paucity of available ship-based comparative field measurements. Here we present a comparison of satellite and in situ bbp using observations from autonomous floats (n = 2,486 total matchups across three satellites), which provide bbp at 700 nm. With these data, we quantify how well the three inversion products currently distributed by NASA ocean color retrieve bbp. We find that the median ratio of satellite derived bbp to float bbp ranges from 0.77 to 1.60 …

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Factors Driving The Seasonal And Hourly Variability Of Sea-Spray Aerosol Number In The North Atlantic, Georges Saliba, Chia Li Chen, Savannah Lewis, Lynn M. Russell, Laura Helena Rivellini, Alex K.Y. Lee, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Nils Haëntjens, Emmanuel S. Boss, Lee Karp-Boss, Nicholas Baetge, Craig A. Carlson, Michael J. Behrenfeld

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Four North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) field campaigns from winter 2015 through spring 2018 sampled an extensive set of oceanographic and atmospheric parameters during the annual phytoplankton bloom cycle. This unique dataset provides four seasons of open-ocean observations of wind speed, sea surface temperature (SST), seawater particle attenuation at 660 nm (cp,660, a measure of ocean particulate organic carbon), bacterial production rates, and sea-spray aerosol size distributions and number concentrations (NSSA). The NAAMES measurements show moderate to strong correlations (0.56 < R < 0.70) between NSSA and local wind speeds in the marine boundary layer on hourly timescales, but this relationship weakens in the campaign averages that represent each season, in part because of the reduction in range of wind speed by multiday averaging. NSSA correlates weakly with seawater cp,660 (R = 0.36, P << 0.01), but the correlation with cp,660, is improved (R = 0.51, P < 0.05) for periods of low wind speeds. In addition, NAAMES measurements provide observational dependence of SSA mode diameter (dm) on SST, with dm increasing to larger sizes at higher SST (R = 0.60, P << 0.01) on hourly timescales. These results imply that climate models using bimodal SSA parameterizations to wind speed rather than a single SSA mode that varies with SST may overestimate SSA number concentrations (hence cloud condensation nuclei) by a factor of 4 to 7 and may underestimate SSA scattering (hence direct radiative effects) by a factor of 2 to 5, in addition to overpredicting variability in SSA scattering from wind speed by a factor of 5.

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A Review Of Protocols For Fiducial Reference Measurements Of Water-Leaving Radiance For Validation Of Satellite Remote-Sensing Data Over Water, Kevin G. Ruddick, Kenneth Voss, Emmanuel Boss, Alexandre Castagna, Robert Frouin, Alex Gilerson, Martin Hieronymi, B. Carol Johnson, Joel Kuusk, Zhongping Lee, Michael Ondrusek, Viktor Vabson, Riho Vendt

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

© 2019 by the authors. This paper reviews the state of the art of protocols for measurement of water-leaving radiance in the context of fiducial reference measurements (FRM) of water reflectance for satellite validation. Measurement of water reflectance requires the measurement of water-leaving radiance and downwelling irradiance just above water. For the former there are four generic families of method, based on: (1) underwater radiometry at fixed depths; or (2) underwater radiometry with vertical profiling; or (3) above-water radiometry with skyglint correction; or (4) on-water radiometry with skylight blocked. Each method is described generically in the FRM context with reference …

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A Review Of Protocols For Fiducial Reference Measurements Of Downwelling Irradiance For The Validation Of Satellite Remote Sensing Data Over Water, Kevin G. Ruddick, Kenneth Voss, Andrew C. Banks, Emmanuel Boss, Alexandre Castagna, Robert Frouin, Martin Hieronymi, Cedric Jamet, B. Carol Johnson, Joel Kuusk, Zhongping Lee, Michael Ondrusek, Viktor Vabson, Riho Vendt

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

This paper reviews the state of the art of protocols for the measurement of downwelling irradiance in the context of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM) of water reflectance for satellite validation. The measurement of water reflectance requires the measurement of water-leaving radiance and downwelling irradiance just above water. For the latter, there are four generic families of method, using: (1) an above-water upward-pointing irradiance sensor; (2) an above-water downward-pointing radiance sensor and a reflective plaque; (3) a Sun-pointing radiance sensor (sunphotometer); or (4) an underwater upward-pointing irradiance sensor deployed at different depths. Each method-except for the fourth, which is considered obsolete …

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Atmospheric Correction Of Satellite Ocean-Color Imagery During The Pace Era, Robert J. Frouin, Bryan A. Franz, Amir Ibrahim, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Ziauddin Ahmad, Brian Cairns, Jacek Chowdhary, Heidi M. Dierssen, Jing Tan, Oleg Dubovik, Xin Huang, Anthony B. Davis, Olga Kalashnikova, David R. Thompson, Lorraine A. Remer, Emmanuel Boss, Odele Coddington, Pierre Yves Deschamps, Bo Cai Gao, Lydwine Gross, Otto Hasekamp, Ali Omar, Bruno Pelletier, Didier Ramon, François Steinmetz, Peng Wang Zhai

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission will carry into space the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), a spectrometer measuring at 5 nm spectral resolution in the ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR) with additional spectral bands in the shortwave infrared (SWIR), and two multi-angle polarimeters that will overlap the OCI spectral range and spatial coverage, i. e., the Spectrometer for Planetary Exploration (SPEXone) and the Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP2). These instruments, especially when used in synergy, have great potential for improving estimates of water reflectance in the post Earth Observing System (EOS) era. Extending the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) observations to …

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Retrieving Aerosol Characteristics From The Pace Mission, Part 1: Ocean Color Instrument, Lorraine A. Remer, Anthony B. Davis, Shana Mattoo, Robert C. Levy, Olga V. Kalashnikova, Odele Coddington, Jacek Chowdhary, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Xiaoguang Xu, Ziauddin Ahmad, Emmanuel Boss, Brian Cairns, Heidi M. Dierssen, David J. Diner, Bryan Franz, Robert Frouin, Bo Cai Gao, Amir Ibrahim, J. Vanderlei Martins, Ali H. Omar, Omar Torres, Feng Xu, Peng Wang Zhai

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Clouds, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite mission is scheduled to launch in 2022, with the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) on board. For the first time reflected sunlight from the Earth across a broad spectrum from the ultraviolet (UV: 350 nm) to the short wave infrared (SWIR: 2260 nm) will be measured from a single instrument at 1 km spatial resolution. While seven discrete bands will represent the SWIR, the spectrum from 350 to 890 nm will be continuously covered with a spectral resolution of 5 nm. OCI will thus combine in a single instrument (and at an enhanced …

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Modeling Atmosphere-Ocean Radiative Transfer: A Pace Mission Perspective, Jacek Chowdhary, Peng Wang Zhai, Emmanuel Boss, Heidi Dierssen, Robert Frouin, Amir Ibrahim, Zhongping Lee, Lorraine A. Remer, Michael Twardowski, Feng Xu, Xiaodong Zhang, Matteo Ottaviani, William Reed Espinosa, Didier Ramon

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

The research frontiers of radiative transfer (RT) in coupled atmosphere-ocean systems are explored to enable new science and specifically to support the upcoming Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite mission. Given (i) the multitude of atmospheric and oceanic constituents at any given moment that each exhibits a large variety of physical and chemical properties and (ii) the diversity of light-matter interactions (scattering, absorption, and emission), tackling all outstanding RT aspects related to interpreting and/or simulating light reflected by atmosphere-ocean systems becomes impossible. Instead, we focus on both theoretical and experimental studies of RT topics important to the science threshold …

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Inversion Of Inherent Optical Properties In Optically Complex Waters Using Sentinel-3a/Olci Images: A Case Study Using China's Three Largest Freshwater Lakes, Kun Xue, Ronghua Ma, Hongtao Duan, Ming Shen, Emmanuel Boss, Zhigang Cao

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Inherent optical properties (IOPs) play an important role in underwater light field, and are difficult to estimate accurately using satellite data in optically complex waters. To study water quality in appropriate temporal and spatial scales, it is necessary to develop methods to obtain IOPs form space-based observation with quantified uncertainties. Field-measured IOP data (N = 405) were collected from 17 surveys between 2011 and 2017 in the three major largest freshwater lakes of China (Lake Chaohu, Lake Taihu, and Lake Hongze) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huai River (LYHR). Here we provide a case-study on how …

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Retrieval Of Phytoplankton Pigments From Underway Spectrophotometry In The Fram Strait, Yangyang Liu, Emmanuel Boss, Alison Chase, Hongyan Xi, Xiaodong Zhang, Rüdiger Röttgers, Yanqun Pan, Astrid Bracher

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Phytoplankton in the ocean are extremely diverse. The abundance of various intracellular pigments are often used to study phytoplankton physiology and ecology, and identify and quantify different phytoplankton groups. In this study, phytoplankton absorption spectra (a ph (λ)) derived from underway flow-through AC-S measurements in the Fram Strait are combined with phytoplankton pigment measurements analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to evaluate the retrieval of various pigment concentrations at high spatial resolution. The performances of two approaches, Gaussian decomposition and the matrix inversion technique are investigated and compared. Our study is the first to apply the matrix inversion technique to …

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The Tara Pacific Expedition—A Pan-Ecosystemic Approach Of The “-Omics” Complexity Of Coral Reef Holobionts Across The Pacific Ocean, Serge Planes, Denis Allemand, Sylvain Agostini, Bernard Banaigs, Emilie Boissin, Emmanuel Boss, Guillaume Bourdin, Chris Bowler, Eric Douville, J. M. Flores, Didier Forcioli, Paola Furla, Pierre E. Galand, Jean François Ghiglione, Eric Gilson, Fabien Lombard, Clémentine Moulin, Stephane Pesant, Julie Poulain, Stéphanie Reynaud, Sarah Romac, Matthew B. Sullivan, Shinichi Sunagawa, Olivier P. Thomas, Romain Troublé, Colomban De Vargas, Rebecca Vega Thurber, Christian R. Voolstra, Patrick Wincker, Didier Zoccola, E. Armstrong

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Coral reefs are the most diverse habitats in the marine realm. Their productivity, structural complexity, and biodiversity critically depend on ecosystem services provided by corals that are threatened because of climate change effects—in particular, ocean warming and acidification. The coral holobiont is composed of the coral animal host, endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, associated viruses, bacteria, and other microeukaryotes. In particular, the mandatory photosymbiosis with microalgae of the family Symbiodiniaceae and its consequences on the evolution, physiology, and stress resilience of the coral holobiont have yet to be fully elucidated. The functioning of the holobiont as a whole is largely unknown, although bacteria …

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The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission Status, Science, Advances, P. Jeremy Werdell, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Paula S. Bontempi, Emmanuel Boss, Brian Cairns, Gary T. Davis, Bryan A. Franz, Ulrik B. Gliese, Eric T. Gorman, Otto Hasekamp, Kirk D. Knobelspiesse, Antonio Mannino, J. Vanderlei Martins, Charlesr Mcclain, Gerhard Meister, Lorraine A. Remer

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission represents the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) next investment in satellite ocean color and the study of Earth's ocean-atmosphere system, enabling new insights into oceanographic and atmospheric responses to Earth's changing climate. PACE objectives include extending systematic cloud, aerosol, and ocean biological and biogeochemical data records, making essential ocean color measurements to further understand marine carbon cycles, food-web processes, and ecosystem responses to a changing climate, and improving knowledge of how aerosols influence ocean ecosystems and, conversely, how ocean ecosystems and photochemical processes affect the atmosphere. PACE objectives also encompass management …

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Retrieving Aerosol Characteristics From The Pace Mission, Part 2: Multi-Angle And Polarimetry, Lorraine A. Remer, Kirk D. Knobelspiesse, Peng Wang Zhai, Feng Xu, Olga Kalashnikova, Jacek Chowdhary, Otto P. Hasekamp, Oleg Dubovik, Lianghai Wu, Ziauddin Ahmad, Emmanuel Boss, Brian Cairns, Odele Coddington, Anthony B. Davis, Heidi M. Dierssen, David J. Diner, Bryan A. Franz, Robert J. Frouin, Bo Cai Gao, Amir Ibrahim, Robert C. Levy, J. Vanderlei Martins, Ali H. Omar, Omar Torres

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

The Plankton, Aerosol, Clouds, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission presents new opportunities and new challenges in applying observations of two complementary multi-angle polarimeters for the space-based retrieval of global aerosol properties. Aerosol remote sensing from multi-angle radiometric-only observations enables aerosol characterization to a greater degree than single-view radiometers, as demonstrated by nearly two decades of heritage instruments. Adding polarimetry to the multi-angle observations allows for the retrieval of aerosol optical depth, Angstrom exponent, parameters of size distribution, measures of aerosol absorption, complex refractive index and degree of nonsphericity of the particles, as demonstrated by two independent retrieval algorithms applied to the …

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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Algorithm To Derive Inherent Optical Properties From Remote Sensing Reflectance In Turbid And Eutrophic Lakes, Kun Xue, Emmanuel Boss, Ronghua Ma, Ming Shen

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Evaluating Satellite Estimates Of Particulate Backscatter In The Global Open Ocean Using Autonomous Profiling Floats, K. M. Bisson, E. Boss, T. K. Westberry, M. J. Behrenfeld

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Modeling Atmosphere-Ocean Radiative Transfer: A Pace Mission Perspective, Jacek Chowdhary, Peng Wang Zhai, Emmanuel Boss, Heidi Dierssen, Robert Frouin, Amir Ibrahim, Zhongping Lee, Lorraine A. Remer, Michael Twardowski, Feng Xu, Xiaodong Zhang, Matteo Ottaviani, William Reed Espinosa, Didier Ramon

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Inversion Of Inherent Optical Properties In Optically Complex Waters Using Sentinel-3a/Olci Images: A Case Study Using China's Three Largest Freshwater Lakes, Kun Xue, Ronghua Ma, Hongtao Duan, Ming Shen, Emmanuel Boss, Zhigang Cao

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Retrieval Of Phytoplankton Pigments From Underway Spectrophotometry In The Fram Strait, Yangyang Liu, Emmanuel Boss, Alison Chase, Hongyan Xi, Xiaodong Zhang, Rüdiger Röttgers, Yanqun Pan, Astrid Bracher

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship