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- Ocean optics (28)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 246
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Robust Algorithm For Estimating Total Suspended Solids (Tss) In Inland And Nearshore Coastal Waters, Sundarabalan V. Balasubramanian, Nima Pahlevan, Brandon Smith, Caren Binding, John Schalles, Hubert Loisel, Daniela Gurlin, Steven Greb, Krista Alikas, Mirjam Randla, Matsushita Bunkei, Wesley Moses, Hà Nguyễn, Moritz K. Lehmann, David O'Donnell, Michael Ondrusek, Tai Hyun Han, Cédric G. Fichot, Tim Moore, Emmanuel Boss
Robust Algorithm For Estimating Total Suspended Solids (Tss) In Inland And Nearshore Coastal Waters, Sundarabalan V. Balasubramanian, Nima Pahlevan, Brandon Smith, Caren Binding, John Schalles, Hubert Loisel, Daniela Gurlin, Steven Greb, Krista Alikas, Mirjam Randla, Matsushita Bunkei, Wesley Moses, Hà Nguyễn, Moritz K. Lehmann, David O'Donnell, Michael Ondrusek, Tai Hyun Han, Cédric G. Fichot, Tim Moore, Emmanuel Boss
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
One of the challenging tasks in modern aquatic remote sensing is the retrieval of near-surface concentrations of Total Suspended Solids (TSS). This study aims to present a Statistical, inherent Optical property (IOP) -based, and muLti-conditional Inversion proceDure (SOLID) for enhanced retrievals of satellite-derived TSS under a wide range of in-water bio-optical conditions in rivers, lakes, estuaries, and coastal waters. In this study, using a large in situ database (N > 3500), the SOLID model is devised using a three-step procedure: (a) water-type classification of the input remote sensing reflectance (Rrs), (b) retrieval of particulate backscattering (bbp) in the red or near-infrared …
Chlorophyll Absorption And Phytoplankton Size Information Inferred From Hyperspectral Particulate Beam Attenuation, Henry F. Houskeeper, David Draper, Raphael M. Kudela, Emmanuel Boss
Chlorophyll Absorption And Phytoplankton Size Information Inferred From Hyperspectral Particulate Beam Attenuation, Henry F. Houskeeper, David Draper, Raphael M. Kudela, Emmanuel Boss
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Electromagnetic theory predicts spectral dependencies in extinction efficiency near a narrow absorption band for a particle with an index of refraction close to that of the medium in which it is immersed. These absorption band effects are anticipated in oceanographic beam-attenuation (beam-c) spectra, primarily due to the narrow red peak in absorption produced by the phytoplankton photopigment, chlorophyll a (Chl a). Here we present a method to obtain Chl a absorption and size information by analyzing an eigendecomposition of hyperspectral beam-c residuals measured in marine surface waters by an automatic underway system. We find that three principal modes capture more …
Evaluation Of Ocean Color Remote Sensing Algorithms For Diffuse Attenuation Coefficients And Optical Depths With Data Collected On Bgc-Argo Floats, Xiaogang Xing, Emmanuel S. Boss, Jie Zhang, Fei Chai
Evaluation Of Ocean Color Remote Sensing Algorithms For Diffuse Attenuation Coefficients And Optical Depths With Data Collected On Bgc-Argo Floats, Xiaogang Xing, Emmanuel S. Boss, Jie Zhang, Fei Chai
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
The vertical distribution of irradiance in the ocean is a key input to quantify processes spanning from radiative warming, photosynthesis to photo-oxidation. Here we use a novel dataset of thousands local-noon downwelling irradiance at 490 nm (Ed(490) and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) profiles captured by 103 BGC-Argo floats spanning three years (from October 2012 to January 2016) in the world's ocean, to evaluate several published algorithms and satellite products related to diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kd). Our results show: (1) MODIS-Aqua Kd(490) products derived from a blue-to-green algorithm and two semi-analytical algorithms show good consistency with the float-observed values, but the …
An Algorithm To Estimate Suspended Particulate Matter Concentrations And Associated Uncertainties From Remote Sensing Reflectance In Coastal Environments, Juliana Tavora, Emmanuel Boss, David Doxaran, Paul Hill
An Algorithm To Estimate Suspended Particulate Matter Concentrations And Associated Uncertainties From Remote Sensing Reflectance In Coastal Environments, Juliana Tavora, Emmanuel Boss, David Doxaran, Paul Hill
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) is a major constituent in coastal waters, involved in processes such as light attenuation, pollutant propagation, and waterways blockage. The spatial distribution of SPM is an indicator of deposition and erosion patterns in estuaries and coastal zones and a necessary input to estimate the material fluxes from the land through rivers to the sea. In-situ methods to estimate SPM provide limited spatial data in comparison to the coverage that can be obtained remotely. Ocean color remote sensing complements field measurements by providing estimates of the spatial distributions of surface SPM concentration in natural waters, with high …
An Algorithm To Estimate Suspended Particulate Matter Concentrations And Associated Uncertainties From Remote Sensing Reflectance In Coastal Environments, Juliana Tavora, Emmanuel S. Boss, David Doxaran, Paul Hill
An Algorithm To Estimate Suspended Particulate Matter Concentrations And Associated Uncertainties From Remote Sensing Reflectance In Coastal Environments, Juliana Tavora, Emmanuel S. Boss, David Doxaran, Paul Hill
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) is a major constituent in coastal waters, involved in processes such as light attenuation, pollutant propagation, and waterways blockage. The spatial distribution of SPM is an indicator of deposition and erosion patterns in estuaries and coastal zones and a necessary input to estimate the material fluxes from the land through rivers to the sea. In-situ methods to estimate SPM provide limited spatial data in comparison to the coverage that can be obtained remotely. Ocean color remote sensing complements field measurements by providing estimates of the spatial distributions of surface SPM concentration in natural waters, with high …
Small Phytoplankton Dominate Western North Atlantic Biomass, Luis M. Bolaños, Lee Karp-Boss, Chang Jae Choi, Alexandra Z. Worden, Jason R. Graff, Nils Haëntjens, Alison P. Chase, Alice Della Penna, Peter Gaube, Françoise Morison, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Toby K. Westberry, Robert T. O’Malley, Emmanuel Boss, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Stephen J. Giovannoni
Small Phytoplankton Dominate Western North Atlantic Biomass, Luis M. Bolaños, Lee Karp-Boss, Chang Jae Choi, Alexandra Z. Worden, Jason R. Graff, Nils Haëntjens, Alison P. Chase, Alice Della Penna, Peter Gaube, Françoise Morison, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Toby K. Westberry, Robert T. O’Malley, Emmanuel Boss, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Stephen J. Giovannoni
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
The North Atlantic phytoplankton spring bloom is the pinnacle in an annual cycle that is driven by physical, chemical, and biological seasonality. Despite its important contributions to the global carbon cycle, transitions in plankton community composition between the winter and spring have been scarcely examined in the North Atlantic. Phytoplankton composition in early winter was compared with latitudinal transects that captured the subsequent spring bloom climax. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), imaging flow cytometry, and flow-cytometry provided a synoptic view of phytoplankton diversity. Phytoplankton communities were not uniform across the sites studied, but rather mapped with apparent fidelity onto subpolar- and …
Shifts In Phytoplankton Community Structure Across An Anticyclonic Eddy Revealed From High Spectral Resolution Lidar Scattering Measurements, Jennifer A. Schulien, Alice Della Penna, Peter Gaube, Alison P. Chase, Nils Haëntjens, Jason R. Graff, Johnathan W. Hair, Chris A. Hostetler, Amy Jo Scarino, Emmanuel S. Boss, Lee Karp-Boss, Michael J. Behrenfeld
Shifts In Phytoplankton Community Structure Across An Anticyclonic Eddy Revealed From High Spectral Resolution Lidar Scattering Measurements, Jennifer A. Schulien, Alice Della Penna, Peter Gaube, Alison P. Chase, Nils Haëntjens, Jason R. Graff, Johnathan W. Hair, Chris A. Hostetler, Amy Jo Scarino, Emmanuel S. Boss, Lee Karp-Boss, Michael J. Behrenfeld
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Changes in airborne high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) measurements of scattering, depolarization, and attenuation coincided with a shift in phytoplankton community composition across an anticyclonic eddy in the North Atlantic. We normalized the total depolarization ratio (δ) by the particulate backscattering coefficient (bbp) to account for the covariance in δ and bbp that has been attributed to multiple scattering. A 15% increase in δ/bbp inside the eddy coincided with decreased phytoplankton biomass and a shift to smaller and more elongated phytoplankton cells. Taxonomic changes (reduced dinoflagellate relative abundance inside the eddy) were also observed. The δ signal is thus potentially …
A Global Compilation Of In Situ Aquatic High Spectral Resolution Inherent And Apparent Optical Property Data For Remote Sensing Applications, Kimberly A. Casey, Cecile S. Rousseaux, Watson W. Gregg, Emmanuel Boss, Alison P. Chase, Susanne E. Craig, Colleen B. Mouw, Rick A. Reynolds, Dariusz Stramski, Steven G. Ackleson, Annick Bricaud, Blake Schaeffer, Marlon R. Lewis, Stéphane Maritorena
A Global Compilation Of In Situ Aquatic High Spectral Resolution Inherent And Apparent Optical Property Data For Remote Sensing Applications, Kimberly A. Casey, Cecile S. Rousseaux, Watson W. Gregg, Emmanuel Boss, Alison P. Chase, Susanne E. Craig, Colleen B. Mouw, Rick A. Reynolds, Dariusz Stramski, Steven G. Ackleson, Annick Bricaud, Blake Schaeffer, Marlon R. Lewis, Stéphane Maritorena
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Light emerging from natural water bodies and measured by radiometers contains information about the local type and concentrations of phytoplankton, non-algal particles and colored dissolved organic matter in the underlying waters. An increase in spectral resolution in forthcoming satellite and airborne remote sensing missions is expected to lead to new or improved capabilities for characterizing aquatic ecosystems. Such upcoming missions include NASA's Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission; the NASA Surface Biology and Geology designated observable mission; and NASA Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) airborne missions. In anticipation of these missions, we present an organized dataset …
A Global Compilation Of In Situ Aquatic High Spectral Resolution Inherent And Apparent Optical Property Data For Remote Sensing Applications, Kimberly A. Casey, Cecile S. Rousseaux, Watson W. Gregg, Emmanuel Boss, Alison P. Chase, Susanne E. Craig, Colleen B. Mouw, Rick A. Reynolds, Dariusz Stramski, Steven G. Ackleson, Annick Bricaud, Blake Schaeffer, Marlon R. Lewis, Stéphane Maritorena
A Global Compilation Of In Situ Aquatic High Spectral Resolution Inherent And Apparent Optical Property Data For Remote Sensing Applications, Kimberly A. Casey, Cecile S. Rousseaux, Watson W. Gregg, Emmanuel Boss, Alison P. Chase, Susanne E. Craig, Colleen B. Mouw, Rick A. Reynolds, Dariusz Stramski, Steven G. Ackleson, Annick Bricaud, Blake Schaeffer, Marlon R. Lewis, Stéphane Maritorena
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Light emerging from natural water bodies and measured by radiometers contains information about the local type and concentrations of phytoplankton, non-algal particles and colored dissolved organic matter in the underlying waters. An increase in spectral resolution in forthcoming satellite and airborne remote sensing missions is expected to lead to new or improved capabilities for characterizing aquatic ecosystems. Such upcoming missions include NASA's Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission; the NASA Surface Biology and Geology designated observable mission; and NASA Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) airborne missions. In anticipation of these missions, we present an organized dataset …
Information Content Of Absorption Spectra And Implications For Ocean Color Inversion, B. B. Cael, Alison Chase, Emmanuel Boss
Information Content Of Absorption Spectra And Implications For Ocean Color Inversion, B. B. Cael, Alison Chase, Emmanuel Boss
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
The increasing use of hyperspectral optical data in oceanography, both in situ and via remote sensing, holds the potential to significantly advance characterization of marine ecology and biogeochemistry because, in principle, hyperspectral data can provide much more detailed inferences of ecosystem properties via inversion. Effective inferences, however, require careful consideration of the close similarity of different signals of interest, and how these interplay with measurement error and uncertainty to reduce the degrees of freedom (DoF) of hyperspectral measurements. Here we discuss complementary approaches to quantify the DoF in hyperspectral measurements in the case of in situ particulate absorption measurements, though …
Tara Pacific Expedition's Atmospheric Measurements Of Marine Aerosols Across The Atlantic And Pacific Oceans: Overview And Preliminary Results, J. M. Flores, G. Bourdin, G. Bourdin, O. Altaratz, M. Trainic, N. Lang-Yona, E. Dzimban, S. Steinau, F. Tettich, S. Planes, S. Planes, D. Allemand, S. Agostini, B. Banaigs, E. Boissin, E. Boss, E. Douville, D. Forcioli, P. Furla, P. E. Galand, P. E. Galand, M. B. Sullivan, M. B. Sullivan, Gilson, Gilson, F. Lombard, F. Lombard, C. Moulin, S. Pesant, J. Poulain, J. Poulain
Tara Pacific Expedition's Atmospheric Measurements Of Marine Aerosols Across The Atlantic And Pacific Oceans: Overview And Preliminary Results, J. M. Flores, G. Bourdin, G. Bourdin, O. Altaratz, M. Trainic, N. Lang-Yona, E. Dzimban, S. Steinau, F. Tettich, S. Planes, S. Planes, D. Allemand, S. Agostini, B. Banaigs, E. Boissin, E. Boss, E. Douville, D. Forcioli, P. Furla, P. E. Galand, P. E. Galand, M. B. Sullivan, M. B. Sullivan, Gilson, Gilson, F. Lombard, F. Lombard, C. Moulin, S. Pesant, J. Poulain, J. Poulain
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Marine aerosols play a significant role in the global radiative budget, in clouds' processes, and in the chemistry of the marine atmosphere. There is a critical need to better understand their production mechanisms, composition, chemical properties, and the contribution of ocean-derived biogenic matter to their mass and number concentration. Here we present an overview of a new dataset of in situ measurements of marine aerosols conducted over the 2.5-yr Tara Pacific Expedition over 110, 000 km across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Preliminary results are presented here to describe the new dataset that will be built using this novel set …
Phytoplankton Phenology In The North Atlantic: Insights From Profiling Float Measurements, Bo Yang, Emmanuel S. Boss, Nils Haëntjens, Matthew C. Long, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Rachel Eveleth, Scott C. Doney
Phytoplankton Phenology In The North Atlantic: Insights From Profiling Float Measurements, Bo Yang, Emmanuel S. Boss, Nils Haëntjens, Matthew C. Long, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Rachel Eveleth, Scott C. Doney
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
There was a typographical error in Equation (1) of our article, where the first term in the denominator should be 0.022 rather than 0.22. The fully corrected equation should be: (Formula presented.). The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
Detecting Mesopelagic Organisms Using Biogeochemical-Argo Floats, Nils Haëntjens, Alice Della Penna, Nathan Briggs, Lee Karp-Boss, Peter Gaube, Hervé Claustre, Emmanuel Boss
Detecting Mesopelagic Organisms Using Biogeochemical-Argo Floats, Nils Haëntjens, Alice Della Penna, Nathan Briggs, Lee Karp-Boss, Peter Gaube, Hervé Claustre, Emmanuel Boss
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
During the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study in the western North Atlantic, float-based profiles of fluorescent dissolved organic matter and backscattering exhibited distinct spike layers at (Formula presented.) 300 m. The locations of the spikes were at depths similar or shallower to where a ship-based scientific echo sounder identified layers of acoustic backscatter, an Underwater Vision Profiler detected elevated concentration of zooplankton, and mesopelagic fish were sampled by a mesopelagic net tow. The collocation of spike layers in bio-optical properties with mesopelagic organisms suggests that some can be detected with float-based bio-optical sensors. This opens the door to …
Inlinino: A Modular Software Data Logger For Oceanography, Nils Haëntjens, Emmanuel Boss
Inlinino: A Modular Software Data Logger For Oceanography, Nils Haëntjens, Emmanuel Boss
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Inlinino is an open-source software data logger whose main purpose is to log scientific measurements collected during extended periods at sea. Here, we present an application of this software to data collected with commercial instrumentation. Inlinino also provides real-time visualization of the recorded observations, which helps users troubleshoot instruments in the field and prevents the collection of bad data. Inlinino is written in Python and runs on regular computers for instruments that have a serial interface. For less than $57, we built a separate data acquisition module—a precision analog-to-serial converter—for interfacing instruments that output analog signals to Inlinino. Inlinino was …
Evaluation Of Diagnostic Pigments To Estimate Phytoplankton Size Classes, Alison P. Chase, Sasha J. Kramer, Nils Haëntjens, Emmanuel S. Boss, Lee Karp-Boss, Mimi Edmondson, Jason R. Graff
Evaluation Of Diagnostic Pigments To Estimate Phytoplankton Size Classes, Alison P. Chase, Sasha J. Kramer, Nils Haëntjens, Emmanuel S. Boss, Lee Karp-Boss, Mimi Edmondson, Jason R. Graff
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Limnology and Oceanography: Methods published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography. Phytoplankton accessory pigments are commonly used to estimate phytoplankton size classes, particularly during development and validation of biogeochemical models and satellite ocean color-based algorithms. The diagnostic pigment analysis (DPA) is based on bulk measurements of pigment concentrations and relies on assumptions regarding the presence of specific pigments in different phytoplankton taxonomic groups. Three size classes are defined by the DPA: picoplankton, nanoplankton, and microplankton. Until now, the DPA has not been evaluated against an independent approach that provides phytoplankton size …
Algorithm To Derive Inherent Optical Properties From Remote Sensing Reflectance In Turbid And Eutrophic Lakes, Kun Xue, Emmanuel Boss, Ronghua Ma, Ming Shen
Algorithm To Derive Inherent Optical Properties From Remote Sensing Reflectance In Turbid And Eutrophic Lakes, Kun Xue, Emmanuel Boss, Ronghua Ma, Ming Shen
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Inherent optical properties play an important role in understanding the biogeochemical processes of lakes by providing proxies for a variety of biogeochemical quantities, including phytoplankton pigments. However, to date, it has been difficult to accurately derive the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton [aph(λ)] in turbid and eutrophic waters from remote sensing. A large dataset of remote sensing of reflectance [ Rrs (λ)] and absorption coefficients was measured for samples collected from lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huai River basin (MLYHR), China. In the process of scattering correction of spectrophotometric measurements, the particulate absorption coefficients …
Evaluating Satellite Estimates Of Particulate Backscatter In The Global Open Ocean Using Autonomous Profiling Floats, K. M. Bisson, E. Boss, T. K. Westberry, M. J. Behrenfeld
Evaluating Satellite Estimates Of Particulate Backscatter In The Global Open Ocean Using Autonomous Profiling Floats, K. M. Bisson, E. Boss, T. K. Westberry, M. J. Behrenfeld
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Satellite retrievals of particulate backscattering (bbp) are widely used in studies of ocean ecology and biogeochemistry, but have been historically difficult to validate due to the paucity of available ship-based comparative field measurements. Here we present a comparison of satellite and in situ bbp using observations from autonomous floats (n = 2,486 total matchups across three satellites), which provide bbp at 700 nm. With these data, we quantify how well the three inversion products currently distributed by NASA ocean color retrieve bbp. We find that the median ratio of satellite derived bbp to float bbp ranges from 0.77 to 1.60 …
Factors Driving The Seasonal And Hourly Variability Of Sea-Spray Aerosol Number In The North Atlantic, Georges Saliba, Chia Li Chen, Savannah Lewis, Lynn M. Russell, Laura Helena Rivellini, Alex K.Y. Lee, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Nils Haëntjens, Emmanuel S. Boss, Lee Karp-Boss, Nicholas Baetge, Craig A. Carlson, Michael J. Behrenfeld
Factors Driving The Seasonal And Hourly Variability Of Sea-Spray Aerosol Number In The North Atlantic, Georges Saliba, Chia Li Chen, Savannah Lewis, Lynn M. Russell, Laura Helena Rivellini, Alex K.Y. Lee, Patricia K. Quinn, Timothy S. Bates, Nils Haëntjens, Emmanuel S. Boss, Lee Karp-Boss, Nicholas Baetge, Craig A. Carlson, Michael J. Behrenfeld
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Four North Atlantic Aerosol and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) field campaigns from winter 2015 through spring 2018 sampled an extensive set of oceanographic and atmospheric parameters during the annual phytoplankton bloom cycle. This unique dataset provides four seasons of open-ocean observations of wind speed, sea surface temperature (SST), seawater particle attenuation at 660 nm (cp,660, a measure of ocean particulate organic carbon), bacterial production rates, and sea-spray aerosol size distributions and number concentrations (NSSA). The NAAMES measurements show moderate to strong correlations (0.56 < R < 0.70) between NSSA and local wind speeds in the marine boundary layer on hourly timescales, but this relationship weakens in the campaign averages that represent each season, in part because of the reduction in range of wind speed by multiday averaging. NSSA correlates weakly with seawater cp,660 (R = 0.36, P << 0.01), but the correlation with cp,660, is improved (R = 0.51, P < 0.05) for periods of low wind speeds. In addition, NAAMES measurements provide observational dependence of SSA mode diameter (dm) on SST, with dm increasing to larger sizes at higher SST (R = 0.60, P << 0.01) on hourly timescales. These results imply that climate models using bimodal SSA parameterizations to wind speed rather than a single SSA mode that varies with SST may overestimate SSA number concentrations (hence cloud condensation nuclei) by a factor of 4 to 7 and may underestimate SSA scattering (hence direct radiative effects) by a factor of 2 to 5, in addition to overpredicting variability in SSA scattering from wind speed by a factor of 5.
A Review Of Protocols For Fiducial Reference Measurements Of Water-Leaving Radiance For Validation Of Satellite Remote-Sensing Data Over Water, Kevin G. Ruddick, Kenneth Voss, Emmanuel Boss, Alexandre Castagna, Robert Frouin, Alex Gilerson, Martin Hieronymi, B. Carol Johnson, Joel Kuusk, Zhongping Lee, Michael Ondrusek, Viktor Vabson, Riho Vendt
A Review Of Protocols For Fiducial Reference Measurements Of Water-Leaving Radiance For Validation Of Satellite Remote-Sensing Data Over Water, Kevin G. Ruddick, Kenneth Voss, Emmanuel Boss, Alexandre Castagna, Robert Frouin, Alex Gilerson, Martin Hieronymi, B. Carol Johnson, Joel Kuusk, Zhongping Lee, Michael Ondrusek, Viktor Vabson, Riho Vendt
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
© 2019 by the authors. This paper reviews the state of the art of protocols for measurement of water-leaving radiance in the context of fiducial reference measurements (FRM) of water reflectance for satellite validation. Measurement of water reflectance requires the measurement of water-leaving radiance and downwelling irradiance just above water. For the former there are four generic families of method, based on: (1) underwater radiometry at fixed depths; or (2) underwater radiometry with vertical profiling; or (3) above-water radiometry with skyglint correction; or (4) on-water radiometry with skylight blocked. Each method is described generically in the FRM context with reference …
A Review Of Protocols For Fiducial Reference Measurements Of Downwelling Irradiance For The Validation Of Satellite Remote Sensing Data Over Water, Kevin G. Ruddick, Kenneth Voss, Andrew C. Banks, Emmanuel Boss, Alexandre Castagna, Robert Frouin, Martin Hieronymi, Cedric Jamet, B. Carol Johnson, Joel Kuusk, Zhongping Lee, Michael Ondrusek, Viktor Vabson, Riho Vendt
A Review Of Protocols For Fiducial Reference Measurements Of Downwelling Irradiance For The Validation Of Satellite Remote Sensing Data Over Water, Kevin G. Ruddick, Kenneth Voss, Andrew C. Banks, Emmanuel Boss, Alexandre Castagna, Robert Frouin, Martin Hieronymi, Cedric Jamet, B. Carol Johnson, Joel Kuusk, Zhongping Lee, Michael Ondrusek, Viktor Vabson, Riho Vendt
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
This paper reviews the state of the art of protocols for the measurement of downwelling irradiance in the context of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM) of water reflectance for satellite validation. The measurement of water reflectance requires the measurement of water-leaving radiance and downwelling irradiance just above water. For the latter, there are four generic families of method, using: (1) an above-water upward-pointing irradiance sensor; (2) an above-water downward-pointing radiance sensor and a reflective plaque; (3) a Sun-pointing radiance sensor (sunphotometer); or (4) an underwater upward-pointing irradiance sensor deployed at different depths. Each method-except for the fourth, which is considered obsolete …
Atmospheric Correction Of Satellite Ocean-Color Imagery During The Pace Era, Robert J. Frouin, Bryan A. Franz, Amir Ibrahim, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Ziauddin Ahmad, Brian Cairns, Jacek Chowdhary, Heidi M. Dierssen, Jing Tan, Oleg Dubovik, Xin Huang, Anthony B. Davis, Olga Kalashnikova, David R. Thompson, Lorraine A. Remer, Emmanuel Boss, Odele Coddington, Pierre Yves Deschamps, Bo Cai Gao, Lydwine Gross, Otto Hasekamp, Ali Omar, Bruno Pelletier, Didier Ramon, François Steinmetz, Peng Wang Zhai
Atmospheric Correction Of Satellite Ocean-Color Imagery During The Pace Era, Robert J. Frouin, Bryan A. Franz, Amir Ibrahim, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Ziauddin Ahmad, Brian Cairns, Jacek Chowdhary, Heidi M. Dierssen, Jing Tan, Oleg Dubovik, Xin Huang, Anthony B. Davis, Olga Kalashnikova, David R. Thompson, Lorraine A. Remer, Emmanuel Boss, Odele Coddington, Pierre Yves Deschamps, Bo Cai Gao, Lydwine Gross, Otto Hasekamp, Ali Omar, Bruno Pelletier, Didier Ramon, François Steinmetz, Peng Wang Zhai
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission will carry into space the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI), a spectrometer measuring at 5 nm spectral resolution in the ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR) with additional spectral bands in the shortwave infrared (SWIR), and two multi-angle polarimeters that will overlap the OCI spectral range and spatial coverage, i. e., the Spectrometer for Planetary Exploration (SPEXone) and the Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP2). These instruments, especially when used in synergy, have great potential for improving estimates of water reflectance in the post Earth Observing System (EOS) era. Extending the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) observations to …
Retrieving Aerosol Characteristics From The Pace Mission, Part 1: Ocean Color Instrument, Lorraine A. Remer, Anthony B. Davis, Shana Mattoo, Robert C. Levy, Olga V. Kalashnikova, Odele Coddington, Jacek Chowdhary, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Xiaoguang Xu, Ziauddin Ahmad, Emmanuel Boss, Brian Cairns, Heidi M. Dierssen, David J. Diner, Bryan Franz, Robert Frouin, Bo Cai Gao, Amir Ibrahim, J. Vanderlei Martins, Ali H. Omar, Omar Torres, Feng Xu, Peng Wang Zhai
Retrieving Aerosol Characteristics From The Pace Mission, Part 1: Ocean Color Instrument, Lorraine A. Remer, Anthony B. Davis, Shana Mattoo, Robert C. Levy, Olga V. Kalashnikova, Odele Coddington, Jacek Chowdhary, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Xiaoguang Xu, Ziauddin Ahmad, Emmanuel Boss, Brian Cairns, Heidi M. Dierssen, David J. Diner, Bryan Franz, Robert Frouin, Bo Cai Gao, Amir Ibrahim, J. Vanderlei Martins, Ali H. Omar, Omar Torres, Feng Xu, Peng Wang Zhai
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Clouds, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite mission is scheduled to launch in 2022, with the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) on board. For the first time reflected sunlight from the Earth across a broad spectrum from the ultraviolet (UV: 350 nm) to the short wave infrared (SWIR: 2260 nm) will be measured from a single instrument at 1 km spatial resolution. While seven discrete bands will represent the SWIR, the spectrum from 350 to 890 nm will be continuously covered with a spectral resolution of 5 nm. OCI will thus combine in a single instrument (and at an enhanced …
Modeling Atmosphere-Ocean Radiative Transfer: A Pace Mission Perspective, Jacek Chowdhary, Peng Wang Zhai, Emmanuel Boss, Heidi Dierssen, Robert Frouin, Amir Ibrahim, Zhongping Lee, Lorraine A. Remer, Michael Twardowski, Feng Xu, Xiaodong Zhang, Matteo Ottaviani, William Reed Espinosa, Didier Ramon
Modeling Atmosphere-Ocean Radiative Transfer: A Pace Mission Perspective, Jacek Chowdhary, Peng Wang Zhai, Emmanuel Boss, Heidi Dierssen, Robert Frouin, Amir Ibrahim, Zhongping Lee, Lorraine A. Remer, Michael Twardowski, Feng Xu, Xiaodong Zhang, Matteo Ottaviani, William Reed Espinosa, Didier Ramon
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
The research frontiers of radiative transfer (RT) in coupled atmosphere-ocean systems are explored to enable new science and specifically to support the upcoming Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite mission. Given (i) the multitude of atmospheric and oceanic constituents at any given moment that each exhibits a large variety of physical and chemical properties and (ii) the diversity of light-matter interactions (scattering, absorption, and emission), tackling all outstanding RT aspects related to interpreting and/or simulating light reflected by atmosphere-ocean systems becomes impossible. Instead, we focus on both theoretical and experimental studies of RT topics important to the science threshold …
Inversion Of Inherent Optical Properties In Optically Complex Waters Using Sentinel-3a/Olci Images: A Case Study Using China's Three Largest Freshwater Lakes, Kun Xue, Ronghua Ma, Hongtao Duan, Ming Shen, Emmanuel Boss, Zhigang Cao
Inversion Of Inherent Optical Properties In Optically Complex Waters Using Sentinel-3a/Olci Images: A Case Study Using China's Three Largest Freshwater Lakes, Kun Xue, Ronghua Ma, Hongtao Duan, Ming Shen, Emmanuel Boss, Zhigang Cao
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Inherent optical properties (IOPs) play an important role in underwater light field, and are difficult to estimate accurately using satellite data in optically complex waters. To study water quality in appropriate temporal and spatial scales, it is necessary to develop methods to obtain IOPs form space-based observation with quantified uncertainties. Field-measured IOP data (N = 405) were collected from 17 surveys between 2011 and 2017 in the three major largest freshwater lakes of China (Lake Chaohu, Lake Taihu, and Lake Hongze) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huai River (LYHR). Here we provide a case-study on how …
Retrieval Of Phytoplankton Pigments From Underway Spectrophotometry In The Fram Strait, Yangyang Liu, Emmanuel Boss, Alison Chase, Hongyan Xi, Xiaodong Zhang, Rüdiger Röttgers, Yanqun Pan, Astrid Bracher
Retrieval Of Phytoplankton Pigments From Underway Spectrophotometry In The Fram Strait, Yangyang Liu, Emmanuel Boss, Alison Chase, Hongyan Xi, Xiaodong Zhang, Rüdiger Röttgers, Yanqun Pan, Astrid Bracher
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Phytoplankton in the ocean are extremely diverse. The abundance of various intracellular pigments are often used to study phytoplankton physiology and ecology, and identify and quantify different phytoplankton groups. In this study, phytoplankton absorption spectra (a ph (λ)) derived from underway flow-through AC-S measurements in the Fram Strait are combined with phytoplankton pigment measurements analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to evaluate the retrieval of various pigment concentrations at high spatial resolution. The performances of two approaches, Gaussian decomposition and the matrix inversion technique are investigated and compared. Our study is the first to apply the matrix inversion technique to …
The Tara Pacific Expedition—A Pan-Ecosystemic Approach Of The “-Omics” Complexity Of Coral Reef Holobionts Across The Pacific Ocean, Serge Planes, Denis Allemand, Sylvain Agostini, Bernard Banaigs, Emilie Boissin, Emmanuel Boss, Guillaume Bourdin, Chris Bowler, Eric Douville, J. M. Flores, Didier Forcioli, Paola Furla, Pierre E. Galand, Jean François Ghiglione, Eric Gilson, Fabien Lombard, Clémentine Moulin, Stephane Pesant, Julie Poulain, Stéphanie Reynaud, Sarah Romac, Matthew B. Sullivan, Shinichi Sunagawa, Olivier P. Thomas, Romain Troublé, Colomban De Vargas, Rebecca Vega Thurber, Christian R. Voolstra, Patrick Wincker, Didier Zoccola, E. Armstrong
The Tara Pacific Expedition—A Pan-Ecosystemic Approach Of The “-Omics” Complexity Of Coral Reef Holobionts Across The Pacific Ocean, Serge Planes, Denis Allemand, Sylvain Agostini, Bernard Banaigs, Emilie Boissin, Emmanuel Boss, Guillaume Bourdin, Chris Bowler, Eric Douville, J. M. Flores, Didier Forcioli, Paola Furla, Pierre E. Galand, Jean François Ghiglione, Eric Gilson, Fabien Lombard, Clémentine Moulin, Stephane Pesant, Julie Poulain, Stéphanie Reynaud, Sarah Romac, Matthew B. Sullivan, Shinichi Sunagawa, Olivier P. Thomas, Romain Troublé, Colomban De Vargas, Rebecca Vega Thurber, Christian R. Voolstra, Patrick Wincker, Didier Zoccola, E. Armstrong
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Coral reefs are the most diverse habitats in the marine realm. Their productivity, structural complexity, and biodiversity critically depend on ecosystem services provided by corals that are threatened because of climate change effects—in particular, ocean warming and acidification. The coral holobiont is composed of the coral animal host, endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, associated viruses, bacteria, and other microeukaryotes. In particular, the mandatory photosymbiosis with microalgae of the family Symbiodiniaceae and its consequences on the evolution, physiology, and stress resilience of the coral holobiont have yet to be fully elucidated. The functioning of the holobiont as a whole is largely unknown, although bacteria …
The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission Status, Science, Advances, P. Jeremy Werdell, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Paula S. Bontempi, Emmanuel Boss, Brian Cairns, Gary T. Davis, Bryan A. Franz, Ulrik B. Gliese, Eric T. Gorman, Otto Hasekamp, Kirk D. Knobelspiesse, Antonio Mannino, J. Vanderlei Martins, Charlesr Mcclain, Gerhard Meister, Lorraine A. Remer
The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem Mission Status, Science, Advances, P. Jeremy Werdell, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Paula S. Bontempi, Emmanuel Boss, Brian Cairns, Gary T. Davis, Bryan A. Franz, Ulrik B. Gliese, Eric T. Gorman, Otto Hasekamp, Kirk D. Knobelspiesse, Antonio Mannino, J. Vanderlei Martins, Charlesr Mcclain, Gerhard Meister, Lorraine A. Remer
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
The Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission represents the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) next investment in satellite ocean color and the study of Earth's ocean-atmosphere system, enabling new insights into oceanographic and atmospheric responses to Earth's changing climate. PACE objectives include extending systematic cloud, aerosol, and ocean biological and biogeochemical data records, making essential ocean color measurements to further understand marine carbon cycles, food-web processes, and ecosystem responses to a changing climate, and improving knowledge of how aerosols influence ocean ecosystems and, conversely, how ocean ecosystems and photochemical processes affect the atmosphere. PACE objectives also encompass management …
Retrieving Aerosol Characteristics From The Pace Mission, Part 2: Multi-Angle And Polarimetry, Lorraine A. Remer, Kirk D. Knobelspiesse, Peng Wang Zhai, Feng Xu, Olga Kalashnikova, Jacek Chowdhary, Otto P. Hasekamp, Oleg Dubovik, Lianghai Wu, Ziauddin Ahmad, Emmanuel Boss, Brian Cairns, Odele Coddington, Anthony B. Davis, Heidi M. Dierssen, David J. Diner, Bryan A. Franz, Robert J. Frouin, Bo Cai Gao, Amir Ibrahim, Robert C. Levy, J. Vanderlei Martins, Ali H. Omar, Omar Torres
Retrieving Aerosol Characteristics From The Pace Mission, Part 2: Multi-Angle And Polarimetry, Lorraine A. Remer, Kirk D. Knobelspiesse, Peng Wang Zhai, Feng Xu, Olga Kalashnikova, Jacek Chowdhary, Otto P. Hasekamp, Oleg Dubovik, Lianghai Wu, Ziauddin Ahmad, Emmanuel Boss, Brian Cairns, Odele Coddington, Anthony B. Davis, Heidi M. Dierssen, David J. Diner, Bryan A. Franz, Robert J. Frouin, Bo Cai Gao, Amir Ibrahim, Robert C. Levy, J. Vanderlei Martins, Ali H. Omar, Omar Torres
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
The Plankton, Aerosol, Clouds, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission presents new opportunities and new challenges in applying observations of two complementary multi-angle polarimeters for the space-based retrieval of global aerosol properties. Aerosol remote sensing from multi-angle radiometric-only observations enables aerosol characterization to a greater degree than single-view radiometers, as demonstrated by nearly two decades of heritage instruments. Adding polarimetry to the multi-angle observations allows for the retrieval of aerosol optical depth, Angstrom exponent, parameters of size distribution, measures of aerosol absorption, complex refractive index and degree of nonsphericity of the particles, as demonstrated by two independent retrieval algorithms applied to the …
Advantages And Limitations To The Use Of Optical Measurements To Study Sediment Properties, Emmanuel Boss, Christopher R. Sherwood, Paul Hill, Tim Milligan
Advantages And Limitations To The Use Of Optical Measurements To Study Sediment Properties, Emmanuel Boss, Christopher R. Sherwood, Paul Hill, Tim Milligan
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
Measurements of optical properties have been used for decades to study particle distributions in the ocean. They are useful for estimating suspended mass concentration as well as particle-related properties such as size, composition, packing (particle porosity or density), and settling velocity. Measurements of optical properties are, however, biased, as certain particles, because of their size, composition, shape, or packing, contribute to a specific property more than others. Here, we study this issue both theoretically and practically, and we examine different optical properties collected simultaneously in a bottom boundary layer to highlight the utility of such measurements. We show that the …
Improved Correction For Non-Photochemical Quenching Of In Situ Chlorophyll Fluorescence Based On A Synchronous Irradiance Profile, Xiaogang Xing, Nathan Briggs, Emmanuel Boss, Hervé Claustre
Improved Correction For Non-Photochemical Quenching Of In Situ Chlorophyll Fluorescence Based On A Synchronous Irradiance Profile, Xiaogang Xing, Nathan Briggs, Emmanuel Boss, Hervé Claustre
Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship
In situ chlorophyll fluorometers have been used to quantify the distribution of chlorophyll concentration in natural waters for decades. However, chlorophyll fluorescence is depressed during daylight hours due to non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Corrections attempted to date have provided improvement but still remain unsatisfactory, often overestimating the expected value. In this study, we examine the relationship between NPQ and instantaneous Photosynthetically Active Radiation (iPAR) using field data from BGC-Argo floats equipped with Chlorophyll-a fluorometers and radiometers. This analysis leads to an improved NPQ correction that incorporates both iPAR and mixed layer depth (MLD) and is validated against data collected at sunrise …