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Hei-Gro Intravaginal Devices And Synovex-H Implants For Feedlot Heifers, James P. Goodman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Heifers gain at a slower rate, generally require more feed per unit gain and sell at a lower market price than steers. Due to the fact that heifer carcasses are commonly fatter and contain more waste trim than steers, the value of a heifer carcass is routinely less than that of a steer carcass of comparable yield and quality grade. In the past, the ways in which the livestock operator could increase his profit from feeding heifers were limited. Differential cost of feeder heifers versus steers and feed cost were the major criteria involved in his decision of whether or …

Pheasant Use Of Wetlands During The Winter And Application Of Landsat Imagery For Assessing Winter Habitat, Signe Sather-Blair

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study was designed to investigate 1) vegetative factors influencing ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) use of wetlands during the winter, 2) the relationship of land use practices adjacent to wetlands and the use of such wetlands as winter cover by pheasants, and 3) the feasibility of assessing wetlands as pheasant winter habitat through the use of remote sensing data. Fifteen wetlands in Windsor Township, Brookings County, South Dakota, were randomly selected for study to estimate their use by pheasants. Use of cover types was analyzed by using multiple regression, chi-square, and t-tests. Correlation matrices were generated to locate significant relationships. …

Breeding Waterfowl Use Of Intermittent Streams, Mchenry County, North Dakota, Daniel E. Hubbard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Thirty-three 425 m segments of 4 intermittent streams in north central North Dakota were censured for breeding pairs of waterfowl in 1977 and 1978. Pair count data were available for 1976. Emphasis of this study was placed on the narrow meandering portions of the streams. High dabbling duck (Anas spp.) densities were observed in 1977 and 1978; 6.11 pairs per ha and 5.60 pairs per ha, respectively, for the first census of each year. Accepting blue-winged teal (A. discors), numbers of dabbler pairs were similar in 1976 and 1978. Dry conditions in 1977 caused lower numbers of all species of …

Design And Evaluation Of A Fisheries Information Storage And Retrieval System (Fisars) For The State Of South Dakota, Richard P. Kramer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Extensive data collected each year from the streams and lakes of South Dakota necessitates a computerized system with which to efficiently utilize the large amount of material. A fisheries related data storage and retrieval system (FISARS) was developed sufficiently to provide cost estimates in creating and maintaining such a system. Detailed descriptions were made to provide information in implementing and utilizing the retrieval system. A survey was made of state fish and game agencies currently operating storage and retrieval systems. This information along with comments provided by the fisheries personnel in the state of South Dakota was used as a …

Catfish Cage Culture In A South Dakota Power Plant Cooling Reservoir, Gary P. Wheeler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Studies were conducted to evaluate the Big Stone Power Plant cooling reservoir in northeastern South Dakota as a site for cage culturing channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) for market and sport fishery stocking. Temperatures suitable for catfish culture (21-32 C) were present in the reservoir from mid-March through mid-September 1978 and from mid-October through 4 November 1978, the end of the study period. Mean values of chemical parameters analyzed included dissolved oxygen - 8.8 mg/1, total available chlorine- 0.13 mg/1, pH - 8.6, specific conductance - 2228 micromhos/cm, total hardness - 1128 mg/1 as CaC03, calcium hardness - 570 mg/1 as …

The Taxonomic Status Of Coyotes From Western South Dakota, Susan E. Lauzon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Expansion of the range of the coyote (Canis latrans) has been accompanied by numerous instances of hybridization with domestic dogs (C. familiaris). Recent studies have found a hybrid element in some wild coyote populations. The objectives of this study were to identify the taxonomic status of coyotes in western South Dakota, and to determine the degree of hybridization, if any, that is occurring between coyotes and domestic dogs in the state. Animals were collected from three areas in western South Dakota from September 1976 through January 1978. Skulls of 289 wild canids were cleaned; of these, 167 skulls from adults …

Habitat Preferences And Censusing Of Waterfowl Broods On Stock Ponds In South Central South Dakota, Mark A. Rumble

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Waterfowl broods on stock ponds in south central South Dakota were surveyed in 1977 and 1978 to compare flush and observation techniques for censusing broods and to determine waterfowl brood habitat preferences. Results indicated that 72-8% of the broods present were censused by either technique alone. No differences were indicated between the 2 techniques when analyzed by species. For total brood counts, a significant (P<0.05) difference was indicated for 1 of the 4 sample periods. Differences were found between the 2 techniques for certain age-classes of species and age-classes overall. Visibility correction factors were calculated for each species based on the percentage of known broods censused by each technique. Brood habitat preferences were examined using multiple regression and discriminant analyses of 33 pond and upland variables. Ponds were selected in a limited size range (0.71-2, 70 ha) to reduce variation in numbers of broods per pond due to pond size. However, variables indicative of pond size were significantly and positively associated to brood use of ponds in 8 of 9 analyses. Potential brood escape cover such as Polygonum spp. and Eleocharis spp. were positively associated with mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), (A. strepera), northern shoveler (A. clypeata) and class 1 broods. Large differences in numbers of broods on study ponds between the 2 years were likely due to increased nesting cover provided by yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis). Study ponds with higher pH and more submersed aquatic vegetation had more brood use.

Non-Game Bird Habitat Associated With Haul Roads And Surface Mining For Bentonite Clay, Tim A. Schaid

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A 2 year study was conducted to investigate possible differences in density and diversity of birds in relation to distance from mining haul roads and various aged mine spoils. Winter bird surveys and breeding bird counts were conducted during 1977 and 1978. Bird density and diversity were estimated and compared between the following habitat areas: old spoils (mined ≥20 years ago, unreclaimed), new spoils (mined ≤20 years ago, reclaimed) and unmined areas. Within unmined areas density and diversity of birds 100m, 300m, 500m, and 900m from a mining haul road were compared to detect differences in density and diversity with …

A Geographic Investigation Of Selected Historical Winter Weather Patterns In Eastern South Dakota, November 1959-April 1978, Douglas Edward O'Neill

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study centers on winter snowfall and storms in eastern South Dakota. The main purpose of this study in to determine the snowfall patterns and their movements from 1959 through 1978 in eastern South Dakota. The specific 19 year period was selected due to the initiation of the publication of Storm Data, a monthly document printed by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), which deals solely with storms (of all types) by individual states. With the data for snowstorms or heavy snowfall being provided in Storm Data an accurate cross check with South Dakota Climatological Data was achieved to determine …

Aubrey Sherwood Of The De Smet News, Dale Blegen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The author has selected two major contributions by Sherwood for the focus of this paper--Sherwood 's roles in developing the Dunn interests and the Wilder interests. In order to put those efforts into perspective, the author will review the history of The News and provide a brief biography of Aubrey Sherwood, emphasizing the kind of editor and businessman he was. This will set the stage for the exploring of the relationship between Sherwood and Harvey Dunn and the years Sherwood spent promoting the works of Dunn. The paper also will record the manner in which Sherwood used The News to …

Winter Limnological Conditions In A Prairie Pothole And The Application Of Molecular Oxygen, Richard A. Fike

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The physical, chemical, and biological conditions in Round Lake, Oakwood Lakes State Park, South Dakota were monitored during the 1977-1978 winter, and reaeration utilizing molecular oxygen was evaluated as a practical method to prevent winterkill. Ice and snow conditions after 20 December, 1977 allowed little light penetration, and phytoplankton numbers (6174/ml to 1668/ml) and chlorophyll concentration (46.6 mg/L to 14.1 mg/L) decreased throughout the winter. Aquatic bacteria and fungi comprised from 87.0% to 93.7% by number of the total cells identified (phytoplankton, bacteria, and fungi) in the lake water under ice. Dissolved oxygen declined to anoxic conditions after 19 January, …

Nesting Chronology Of South Dakota Ducks, Stephen A. Tessmann

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Duck broods were censused on 476 randomly selected plots in South Dakota during July of the years 1973 through 1976. Broods were also censused on wetlands located off the study plots both in July and August of these years, except in 1976 when no August counts were made. Hatching and nest initiation dates were determined by back dating from brood age classes. Early nesting species were mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and pintails (A. acuta). Northern shovelers (A. clypeata), redheads (Aythya americana), and canvasbacks (A. valisineria) were intermediate nesters while blue-winged teal (Anas discors), gadwalls (A. strepera), and American wigeons (A. americana) …

Special Reflectance Of Hydrophytes, Robert G. Best

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Identification of hydrophytes will improve the delineation and classification of wetlands on remotely sensed imagery. Spectral reflectance measurements of 10 species of hydrophytes were made with an Exotach radiometer during three phenological stages, flowering and early seed, senescence, and early emergent. Reflectance data were analyzed to determine significant (≥.95) reflectance differences between species in each of four spectral regions during each phenological stage. Eight species had significantly (≥.95) different reflectances during the flower and early seed stage. Only one species could not be spectrally separated during at least one phenological stage. The results indicate that films sensitive to both visible …

An Investigation Of The Validity Of Selected Submaximal Field Tests To Estimate Aerobic Capacity In Untrained Females, Barbara A. Moran

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this investigation was twofolds (1) to determine the validity of selected submaximal field tests used to estimate aerobic capacity, and (2) to determine the association of maximal oxygen consumption with the performance of selected submaximal field test. Eighteen females (X = l.9.4 yrs) volunteered to be Ss. Prior to the first two field tests, anthropometric data of ht and wt were collected and %BF, FW, and FFW were computed from skinfold measurements. The field tests investigated were the 12 min run, the 600 yd run, and the QCST. All measurements were analyzed for reliability and reproducibility by …

The Effects Of Processed Wheys And Sodium Caseinate On Composition And Consumer Acceptance Of Ice Cream, Dwight Spencer Coder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ice cream dates back to before the Roman Empire (6), and since has remained a world favorite. In the U.S., consumption of ice cream has been about 8.3 kg per capita per year since 1950 (58). In 1950, the frozen dessert industry used approximately 5.9% of the milk supply; however in 1977 this had increased to 9.4% (58). This represents a sizable portion of the U.S. dairy industry, which in 1978 used 6.2 million metric tons of milk equivalents to produce 4.6 billion liters of frozen desserts, including 3.1 billion liters of ice cream (2). Today, the ice cream industry …

The Effect Of Sodium Hexametaphosphate On Cottage Cheese Yields, Stephen T. Dybing

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A major concern in the cottage cheese industry is the inefficient use of the available milk proteins. Currently, the methods of cottage cheese manufacture convert an average of only 74.9% of the milk proteins into cottage cheese, while the remainder are removed in the by-product whey (43, 56). As protein is the main determinant of both the yield and nutritional value of cottage cheese, if 25% of the available protein is lost to the whey, then potential cottage cheese yield and nutrition have been lost as well. The proteins lost in the whey are mainly -lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin, which remain …

Utilization Of Aspen Pellets As A Partial Roughage Replacement For Lactating Dairy Cows, Deborah Sharples Kipp

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A complete switchback design using ten lactating cows divided into two groups of five was used to evaluate rations containing either (A) 30% dry matter from aspen pellets, 30% OM from corn silage, and 40% DM from a 28% crude protein· concentrate mix, or (B) 60% OM from corn silage and 40% OM from the concentrate mix, to determine if aspen could serve as a partial roughage for lactating dairy cows. All cows were at least 80 days into lactation at the start of the trial. Aspen contained on a DM basis, 1.9% crude protein, 80.3% neutral detergent fiber, 64.5% …

A Comparison Of Cheddar Cheese Yields And Composition Using Conventional Bulk Set Cultures And Superstart Concentrated Cultures, William J. Kipp

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The cheese industry has become by far the largest user of milk for manufacturing. In 1978, cheese production utilized a fourth of the total market supply of milk, up from less than an eighth in 1960 (4). Rising consumer incomes and changing lifestyles and eating habits have increased cheese consumption and sales by 60% since 1960 (21). In the last ten years, annual per capita consumption of cured cheese has increased from 11.6 lb to 17.1 lb (45). Economists state that the cheese market will continue to expand through the 1980's (7, 21, 68). Manufacturing cultured dairy products can be …

An Ultrastructural Study Of Fresh And Ensiled Alfalfa Using The Light And Transmission Electron Microscope, Janet Louise Lazo-Davis

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Late bud alfalfa was sampled prior to cutting and after 17 and 51 days of ensiling. Leaf and stem tissue were separated and immediately placed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde followed by 1% osmium textroxide for fixation. Following acetone dehydration, samples were embedded in Spurr plastic for examination under the light (LM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopes. Light microscopy was used to differentiate cell types and tissues, e.g. epidermis, chlorenchyma, phloem, xylem, and pith. Iodine staining (LM) showed starch localization in chlorenchyma cells. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed starch localized in chloroplasts of chlorenchyma. Leaf cells averaged nine chloroplasts per cell section …

Feeding And Housing Of Dairy Calves, Lester Vance Schaffer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In an 18 mo study antibiotic containing mastitic milk was collected from infected cows and fermented naturally for a minimum of 7 days at ambient temperature. Fermentation of antibiotic containing mastitic milk increased titratable acidity from 0.209% to 0.650% and decreased pH from 7.02 to 5.48. Fermentation decreased crude protein from 3.7% to 3.5% and increased NPN (% TN) from 6.0% to 8.4%. Penicillin was detected at a concentration of 1.2 IU/ml in the first milk after treatment and 0.01 IU/ml when fermented. Species of pathogenic organisms isolated from fresh and fermented milk were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, …

Response Of Lactating Dairy Cows To Small And Large Amounts Of Dried Whey In The Concentrate Mixture, Eugene Walter Skyberg

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Short-term (6 to 13 wk) experiments indicated that adding small amounts of dried whey to the concentrate mix fed to lactating dairy cows increase d milk fat percentage, but decreased milk production. In order to determine if the increased fat percentage was a positive response to dried whey in the ration, or an artifact of drying off the cows early, 5% dried whey product (DWP) was included in the concentrate mix fed to 10 Holstein cows. All cows started on the experiment in their 4th wk postpartum and continued for the duration of their lactation. The DWP replaced a portion …

Variability And Breeding Behavior In Big Bluestem Populations From Eastern South Dakota, Arvid A. Boe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Three spaced-plant big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vit.) nurseries at Brookings, South Dakota were analyzed for their genetic variability and agronomic potential. Unselected native collections, the 1972 nursery, was comprised of 34 strains each representing a site collection from the eastern edge of South Dakota. The first cycle recurrent selection nursery, established in 1977, was comprised of progeny of 19 plants from the 1972 nursery that were exceptional seed producers in the drought year 1976. The second cycle recurrent selection nursery, established in 1976, was comprised of progeny of 33 agronomically desirable plants from open-pollinated nurseries established from difference southeastern South …

The Magnitude And Timing Of Rail Abandonment Impacts On Selected Economic Variables For Rural South Dakota Communities, J. Michael Alley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examines the economic impacts of past branchline abandonments on rural South Dakota communities. In this chapter the factors and conditions leading to the abandonment of the branchlines are examined first. Then a section discussing the perspectives of the people and entities involved in the abandonment is presented. This is followed by the reasons for undertaking the study and the study objectives. Finally an overview of the remaining chapters is presented.

A Profile Of Women In Broadcasting In South Dakota, Kathy Mitchell Austad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to develop a profile of South Dakota's typical women broadcasters. The profile will report how long they have worked in broadcasting, what their age was when they started in the industry, how many stations they have worked for, if their previous job was in broadcasting, if they were living in the present town before they took their current job, how they first heard about the opening for their position, and why they entered the broadcasting profession. The study is also an attempt to find out the attitudes of women in broadcasting toward job performance, …

Matthew Arnold, The Development Of A Social Critic, Annette Hoines

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Since time began, mankind has learned to cope with change as a consistent element of life. History is partly a record of man's response to changes in people, in physical circumstances, in social conditions, in moral attitudes. Change, therefore has always been an integral part of living, but in Victorian England, the changes taking place were so tremendous, so numerous and so widespread in their effect as to have a dominating influence on the work of certain authors or the period. The Victorian period, during the decades 1850 – 1870, rife with change and turbulence, saw the rise of Matthew …

Selected Socio-Demographic Factors Associated With Fertility Change In South Dakota, 1960-1970, John M. Butterbrodt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objectives of this study are as follows:

1. To measure the direction and magnitude of the changes occurring between 1960 and 1970 in the fertiity of South Dakota women.

2. To compare the changes occurring in the fertility of South Dakota women with the fertility changes occurring among women nationally and regionally.

3. To analyze the extent to which changes in fertility among South Dakota women were associated with changes in selected sociodemographic factors.

Newspaper Coverage Of The Woman's Suffrage Movement In South Dakota At The Time Of Statehood, Cecelia M. Wittmayer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis will examine coverage by selected newspapers of the first and last campaign to secure the vote for women in South Dakota -- 1989-1890 and 1917-1918.

Geographic Information System Inputs To The Model Implementation Program For Water Quality Improvement, Jeffery C. Eidenshink

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the study id to demonstrate and evaluate the effectiveness of geographical information system inputs to water quality improvement programs. The particular program in this case is the federally sponsored Model Implementation Program (MIP). The water quality problems addressed in the study stem from non-point sources of pollution. The major non-point source pollution is soil erosion from agricultural land. It must be noted that the purpose of the study is not to evaluate the effectiveness of water quality improvement programs. That evaluation is the goal of MIP and beyond the scope of this stud. The information needs for …

An Estimation Of The Economic Value Of Water Used For Irrigation In Eastern South Dakota, Curtis Alan Everson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The general objective of this study was to estimate an economic value for water used for irrigation in the Big Sioux and Vermillion River Basins of eastern South Dakota. The accomplishment of the following specific goals led to the achievement of the primary objective:

1. to derive irrigated crop production budgets from primary data for each river basin,

2. to develop net returns for 1977 per irrigated composite acre net in each river basin,

3. to develop dryland composite acre net returns for 1977,

4. to develop and compare dryland and irrigated crop production budgets and composite acre net returns …

The Relationship Of Root-Pulling Resistance, Tassel Size, And Silk Delay With Yield In The F1 Hybrids Of 12 Corn (Zea Mays L.) Inbreds, David W. Peters

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of the major objectives of commercial and publicly supported plant breeding programs is the selection of corn lines which exhibit superior yielding ability under stress conditions. To accomplish such a goal, various plant characteristics have been examined. For example, strong, high volume root systems have been selected to increase resistance or tolerance to corn rootworm feeding and root rot. Large tussels are also selected, whether consciously or not, to maintain good pollen production over a long period of time under dry or adverse conditions. Similarly, many researchers stress selection of lines which exhibit a short period of time between …