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Applying For Entitlements: Employers And The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit, John H. Bishop, Suk Kang
Applying For Entitlements: Employers And The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit, John H. Bishop, Suk Kang
John H Bishop
The Targeted Jobs Tax Credit is probably the most outstanding example of a generous entitlement program with very low participation rates. Only about 10 percent of eligible youth are claimed. The causes of the low participation rate were analyzed by estimating a poisson model of the number of TJTC eligibles hired and certified during 1980, 1981 and 1982. Information costs, both fixed and variable, were found to be key barriers to TJTC participation. The cost effectiveness of TJTC is low because the stigma and recruitment costs of hiring additional TJTC eligibles are very high. Employers find it relatively cheap to …
Underinvestment In On-The Job Training?, John H. Bishop
Underinvestment In On-The Job Training?, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] A growing number of commentators are pointing to employer sponsored training (OJT)as a critical ingredient in a nation's competitiveness. American employers appear to devote less time and resources to the training of entry level blue collar, clerical and service employees than employers in Germany and Japan (Limprecht and Hayes 1982, Mincer and Higuchi 1988, Koike 1984, Noll et al 1984, Wiederhold-Fritz 1985). In the United States, only 33 percent of workers with 1 to 5 years of tenure report having received skill improvement training from their current employer (Hollenbeck and Wilkie 1985). Analyzing 1982 NLS-Youth data, Parsons (1985) reports …
Incentives For Learning: Why American High School Students Compare So Poorly To Their Counterparts Overseas, John H. Bishop
Incentives For Learning: Why American High School Students Compare So Poorly To Their Counterparts Overseas, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] The scientific and mathematical competence of American high school students is generally recognized to be very low. The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reports that only 7.5 percent of 17 year old students can "integrate specialized scientific information" (NAEP 1988a p.51) and 6.4 percent "demonstrated the capacity to apply mathematical operations in a variety of problem settings." (NAEP 1988b p. 42) There is a large gap between the science and math competence of young Americans and their counterparts overseas. In the 1960s, the low ranking of American high school students in such comparisons was attributed to the fact …
The Deskilling Vs Upskilling Debate: The Role Of Bls Projections, John H. Bishop, Shani Carter
The Deskilling Vs Upskilling Debate: The Role Of Bls Projections, John H. Bishop, Shani Carter
John H Bishop
[Excerpt] The growing shortage of professionally trained workers and the rising skill premiums will tend to cause supply to increase more rapidly than we have projected. But the gap between the projected growth of demand and supply is huge. Just to maintain the balance between the growth of supply and the growth of occupational demand that prevailed in the 1980s, itself a period of shortage, it will be necessary to increase in the stock of college graduates in the year 2000 by 3.7 million or, put another way, to raise the number of college graduates entering the labor forces by …
Information Externalities And The Social Payoff To Academic Achievement, John H. Bishop
Information Externalities And The Social Payoff To Academic Achievement, John H. Bishop
John H Bishop
The thesis of this paper is that wage rates and earnings give misleading signals to public and private decision makers regarding the social benefits of certain kinds of education and training (E&T) investments. The misleading signals are a result of the fact that (1) workers and employers prefer employment contracts which either do not recognize or only partially recognize differences in productivity among workers doing the same job and (2) important dimensions of E&T accomplishment -- the skill, knowledge and competencies actually developed -- are often not signaled to potential employers and therefore have limited influence on the allocation of …