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Interface Characteristics Of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers For Interconnect Applications, Yusuke Ominami, Quoc Ngo, Makoto Suzuki, Alexander J. Austin, Cary Y. Yang, Alan M. Cassell, Jun Li

Electrical and Computer Engineering

The authors characterize the detailed interface structure of Ni-catalyzed vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs) prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition for interconnect applications. Stacked graphitic layers and cup-shape structures of CNFs around the interface region have been observed using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The interaction between the Ni catalyst and Ti layer dramatically affects the CNF structure during initial growth. The effect of interface nanostructures on contact resistance is also discussed.

The Gospels And The Reader, Sandra Marie Schneiders

Jesuit School of Theology

From at least the eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century the prevailing understanding of history and of texts and their meaning was almost exclusively object-centred. The reader of the text seldom came into view, and if she or he did, the exegesis was suspect. History was understood as a free-standing state of affairs which existed 'in the past' independently of the reader. Texts were free-standing semantic containers in which a single, stable meaning was intentionally embedded by the author. The meaning in the biblical texts was presumed to be primarily information about history. Thus, the task of the biblical scholar was …

Convergence, Constraint And The Role Of Gene Expression During Adaptive Radiation: Floral Anthocyanins In Aquilegia, Justen B. Whittall, Claudia Voelckel, Daniel J. Kliebenstein, Scott A. Hodges

Biology

Convergent phenotypes are testament to the role of natural selection in evolution. However, little is known about whether convergence in phenotype extends to convergence at the molecular level. We use the independent losses of floral anthocyanins in columbines (Aquilegia) to determine the degree of molecular convergence in gene expression across the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (ABP). Using a phylogeny of the North American Aquilegia clade, we inferred six independent losses of floral anthocyanins. Via semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we monitored developmental and tissue-specific variation in expression of the six major structural ABP loci in three Aquilegia species, two that …

Bright Contrast Imaging Of Carbon Nanofiber-Substrate Interface, Makoto Suzuki, Hirohiko Kitsuki, Quoc Ngo, Cary Y. Yang

Electrical and Computer Engineering

We present the contrast mechanisms of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for visualizing the interface between carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and the underlying substrate. SEM imaging with electron beam energies higher than a certain threshold provides different image contrasts depending on whether CNFs are in contact with the substrate or suspended above the substrate. CNFs with diameters ranging from 25to250nm are examined with various electron beam energies. It is found that the threshold energy corresponds to the energy required to penetrate the CNF and its dependence on CNF diameter can be understood using the theory of electron range. This knowledge will be …

Newman And The Restoration Of The Interpersonal In Higher Education, Michael J. Buckley S.J.

Santa Clara Lectures

No abstract provided.

Explore, Fall 2006, Vol. 10, No. 1: Jesuit Heritage At Santa Clara University, Ignatian Center For Jesuit Education

explore

Contents: Our Place at the Anniversary Table: The Jesuit Heritage of Santa Clara University; Acting Upon One Another: Ignatian Tradition and the Arts; Honoring the Jesuit Jubilee: Two Journeys; We Teach Who We Are: Reflections on the Vocation of the Teacher in Jesuit Education; Doing Justice: The Core of a Jesuit Education; Faith That Does Justice; Here Comes the Fire: My Experience as an SCU Parent; Daniel Germann, S.J.: A Servant-Leader; Bannan Grant Report: A Guide to St. Clare's Garden; Coming Events and Next Issue

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 48 Number 2, Fall 2006, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

8 - TRUTH, LEGEND, AND JESSE JAMES By Ron Hansen M.A. '95. Jesse James' exploits made him a legend even in his own time. Now the author of the novel The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford reveals what it takes to get beyond coloring book heroes and villains to understanding a charming psychopath and his killer. Plus insights into the making of the forthcoming film starring Brad Pitt and Casey Affleck.

14 - VIOLENCE IN THE MOVIES By Jim Shepard. Movies keep giving us more motion, more mayhem-which is exactly what we want. But what price …

Cognitive Benefits Of Participation In Lifelong Learning Institutes, Patricia M. Simone, Melinda Scuilli

Psychology

This essay examines the role of cognitive stimulation in maintaining high cognitive functioning in later life. Cognition is dependent upon brain function and brain function can be improved through physical exercise and cognitive stimulation. Lifelong learning institutes offer older adults a myriad of opportunities to enhance their cognitive function. These institutes are not unique to the United States and need not offer courses in any particular format in order to facilitate cognitive benefits.

Alienated Catholics: Establishing The Groundwork For Dialogue, Catherine M. Murphy

Faculty Publications

One of the earliest arguments against women's ordination the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops articulated in 1972 was that, since the incarnation of God was in a male, this culminates in a male priesthood. This reflects a hierarchical anthropology well-known from Christianity's earliest encounters with the Greco-Roman world, whereby the male was associated with the mind, reason, and the spirit, while the female was associated with the body, passion, and the material world.¹ In fact, some Greek doctors and philosophers thought that every fetus began as a male, but those that didn't develop fully became female.² Thomas Laqueur …

The ‘We Say What We Think’ Club: Rural Wisconsin Women And The Development Of Environmental Ethics, Nancy Unger

History

The “We Say What We Think” Club: This article discusses the radio program “We Say What We Think Club” which aired on WIBA radio from 1937 to 1957. Though aimed at a female audience, it did not focus on homemaking tips or relationship advice but rather featured a topic-of-the-day. These included a wide range of subjects, such as "Better Clubs for Women" or "Feeding the Family in War Time,” about which the women held a folksy discussion. The author contends that the program reflected an increasing separation of gender spheres that emerged on farms during that era. The five Dane …

The Evolution Of Organismal Complexity In Angiosperms As Measured By The Information Content Of Taxonomic Descriptions, J. Gordon Burleigh, Justen B. Whittall, Michael J. Sanderson

Biology

We describe an information theoretic method for measuring relative organismal complexity. The complexity measure is based on the amount of information contained in formal taxonomic descriptions of organisms. We examine the utility of this measure for quantifying the complexity of plant families. The descriptions are subjective by nature, but we find a significant correlation in the complexity values of plant families from two independently authored sets of formal taxonomic descriptions. An analysis of the evolution of complexity across angiosperms found evidence of a pattern of increasing complexity. Our measure of complexity provides an operational definition of complexity that may be …

The Economic Resource Receipt Of New Mothers, Laura Nichols, Cheryl Elman, Kathryn M. Feltey

Sociology

U.S. federal policies do not provide a universal social safety net of economic support for women during pregnancy or the immediate postpartum period but assume that employment and/or marriage will protect families from poverty. Yet even mothers with considerable human and marital capital may experience disruptions in employment, earnings, and family socioeconomic status postbirth. We use the National Survey of Families and Households to examine the economic resources that mothers with children ages 2 and younger receive postbirth, including employment, spouses, extended family and social network support, and public assistance. Results show that many new mothers receive resources postbirth. Marriage …

Official Representations Of The Nation: Comparing The Postage Stamps Of Sudan And Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane

Economics

An analysis of the imagery on postage stamps suggests that regimes in Burkina Faso and Sudan have pursued very different strategies in representing the nation. Sudan's stamps focus on the political center and dominant elite (current regime, Khartoum politicians, and Arab and Islamic identity) while Burkina Faso's stamps focus on society (artists, multiple ethnic groups, and development). Sudan's stamps build an image of the nation as being about the northern-dominated regime in Khartoum (whether military or parliamentary); Burkina Faso's stamps project an image of the nation as multi-ethnic and development-oriented.

Santa Clara Magazine Volume 48 Number 1, Summer 2006, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

8 - THE MAN BEHIND THE SOUND by Karen Crocker Snell. As a young music-loving soldier in the final days of World War II, John T. "Jack" Mullin '36 went to investigate a German recording device called a magnetophon. His resulting work in sound profoundly affected the field of recorded audio.

14 - THREE ROOMMATES IN PARIS By John Patrick Donnelly, S.J. It has been 500 years since Francisco Xavier and Pierre Favre were born, and 450 years since the death of Ignatius of Loyola. Quite a lot has happened since 1529 at the University of Paris, when the three …

Theorizing The Diaspora, John C. Hawley

English

In his provocative essay on the place of the committed writer in contemporary western society (“Inside the Whale”), George Orwell makes a passing observation about the effects of exile, self-imposed or otherwise, on the scope of a writer’s subject and purpose: “[L]eaving your native land,” he suggests, “[. . .] means transferring your roots into shallower soil. Exile is probably more damaging to a novelist than to a painter or even a poet, because its effect is to take him out of contact with working life and narrow down his range to the street, the cafJ, the church, the brothel …

Future City: More Than A Competition—It Grows Into A Campus Collaboration Project!, Susan K. Boyd

Staff publications, research, and presentations

A public event on campus can spark creatively on the part of campus organizations and be a real marketing win for all involved. A competition can also be the centerpiece of a learning experience for the campus and surrounding community as well.

When the Chair of Santa Clara University’s Civil Engineering department asked for library lobby space to display the regional winners’ models of the National Engineers’ Week-sponsored Future City Competition, little did he know that it would also evolve into a collaborative library exhibit and presentation.

This is how the university’s Civil Engineering department, University Library, Environmental Studies department, …

Climate Scenarios For California, Edwin P. Maurer, Michael Dettinger, Daniel Cayan, Mary Tyree, Katherine Hayhoe, Celine Bonfils, Philip B. Duffy, Benjamin Santer

Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering

Possible future climate changes in California are investigated from a varied set of climate change model simulations. These simulations, conducted by three state-of-the-art global climate models, provide trajectories from three greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios. These scenarios and the resulting climate simulations are not “predictions,” but rather are a limited sample from among the many plausible pathways that may affect California’s climate. Future GHG concentrations are uncertain because they depend on future social, political, and technological pathways, and thus the IPCC has produced four “families” of emission scenarios. To explore some of these uncertainties, emissions scenarios A2 (a medium-high emissions) …

Exploring Young Adults' Perspectives On Communication With Aunts, Laura L. Ellingson, Patricia J. Sotirin

Women's and Gender Studies

Women are typically studied as daughters, sisters, mothers, or grandmothers. However, many, if not most, women are also aunts. In this study, we offer a preliminary exploration of the meaning of aunts as familial figures. We collected 70 nieces' and nephews' written accounts of their aunts. Thematic analysis of these accounts revealed nine themes, which were divided into two categories. The first category represented the role of the aunt as a teacher, role model, confidante, savvy peer, and second mother. The second category represented the practices of aunting: gifts/treats, maintaining family connections, encouragement, and nonengagement. Our analysis illuminates important aspects …

Bacterial Cell Biology: Managing Magnetosomes, Craig Stephens

Biology

Sensing of magnetic fields by living organisms — magnetosensing — is best understood in magnetotactic bacteria. Recently work has provided new insight into the biogenesis of bacterial magnetosomes, and links these organelles to a newly recognized prokaryotic cytoskeletal filament which organizes magnetosomes into a sensory structure capable of aligning cells with the geomagnetic field.

Women’S Access To Credit In Sub-Saharan Africa: Sudan, Michael Kevane, Endre Stiansen

Economics

Women in Sudan have been largely excluded from formal financial institutions of the Anglo-Egyptian and independent Sudan, even as they have demonstrated the ability and desire to profit from financial transactions. The exclusion is not based on legal criteria, but rather on informal practices that control institutions of the formal sector. However, women –particularly in urban areas of northern Sudan – have access to informal financial institutions, and in recent years there have been some attempts by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to offer financial services, especially loans at discounts, to women

Communications, Alexander J. Field

Economics

The communications sector of an economy comprises a range of technologies, physical media, and institutions/rules that facilitate the storage of information through means other than a society's oral tradition and the transmission of that information over distances beyond the normal reach of human conversation. This chapter provides data on the historical evolution of a disparate range of industries and institutions contributing to the movement and storage of information in the United States over the past two centuries. These include the U.S. Postal Service, the newspaper industry, book publishing, the telegraph, wired and cellular telephone service, radio and television, and the …

A Survey Of Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer Substitution Rates Across Angiosperms: An Approximate Molecular Clock With Life History Effects, Kathleen M. Kay, Justen B. Whittall, Scott A. Hodges

Biology

Background: A full understanding of the patterns and processes of biological diversification requires the dating of evolutionary events, yet the fossil record is inadequate for most lineages under study. Alternatively, a molecular clock approach, in which DNA or amino acid substitution rates are calibrated with fossils or geological/climatic events, can provide indirect estimates of clade ages and diversification rates. The utility of this approach depends on the rate constancy of molecular evolution at a genetic locus across time and across lineages. Although the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region ( nrITS) is increasingly being used to infer clade ages in …

Negative Magnetoresistance, Negative Electroresistance, And Metallic Behavior On The Insulating Side Of The Two-Dimensional Superconductor-Insulator Transition In Granular Pb Films, Richard P. Barber Jr., Shih-Ying Hsu, James M. Valles Jr., Robert C. Dynes, Rolfe Eldridge Glover Iii

Physics

Granular Pb thin films on the insulating side of the two-dimensional superconductor-insulator transition are observed to exhibit a large negative magnetoresistance and electroresistance change in resistance with electric field at low temperatures. At high measurement voltages and low temperatures, the film resistances become temperature independent creating a "metallic" state. These phenomena are explained as manifestations of transport due to intergranular quasiparticle tunneling. This explanation might also provide insights into the similar behavior observed in other superconductors.

A Spatially Distributed Model For The Dynamic Prediction Of Sediment Erosion And Transport In Mountainous Forested Watersheds, Colleen O. Doten, Laura C. Bowling, Jordan S. Lanini, Edwin P. Maurer, Dennis P. Lettenmaier

Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering

Erosion and sediment transport in a temperate forested watershed are predicted with a new sediment model that represents the main sources of sediment generation in forested environments (mass wasting, hillslope erosion, and road surface erosion) within the distributed hydrology-soil-vegetation model (DHSVM) environment. The model produces slope failures on the basis of a factor-of-safety analysis with the infinite slope model through use of stochastically generated soil and vegetation parameters. Failed material is routed downslope with a rule-based scheme that determines sediment delivery to streams. Sediment from hillslopes and road surfaces is also transported to the channel network. A simple channel routing …

Portrayals Of Information And Communication Technology On World Wide Web Sites For Girls, Chad Raphael, Christine Bachen, Kathleen-M. Lynn, Jessica Baldwin-Philippi, Kristen A. Mckee

Communication

This study reports a content analysis of 35 World Wide Web sites that included in their mission the goal of engaging girls with information and communication technology (ICT). It finds that sites emphasize cultural and economic uses of ICT, doing little to foster civic applications that could empower girls as citizens of the information age. The study also finds that sites foster a narrow range of ICT proficiencies, focusing mostly on areas such as communication, in which girls have already achieved parity with boys. An examination of the role models portrayed in ICT occupations indicates that the sites show females …

Relating The Cost Of Spinning Silk To The Tendency To Share It For Three Embiids With Different Lifestyles (Order Embiidina: Clothodidae, Notoligotomidae, And Australembiidae), Janice Edgerly-Rooks, Shailesh Shenoy, Vanessa Werner

Biology

Although adult female embiids (Order Embiidina) superficially lack morphological diversity, their variety of habitats may impose distinct selective pressures on behavior, such as their use of silk and their tendency to aggregate. For example, where silk serves as a primary defense from environmental threats, coloniality might be adaptive. The cost of production or spinning might also prompt them to share silk. These ideas were tested in laboratory trials involving three species of embiids with different lifestyles: an arboreal species (Antipaluria urichi (Saussure) from a neotropical rain forest, a species (Notoligotoma hardyi (Frederichs) that dwells on surfaces of granite outcrops in …

Santa Clara Magazine, Volume 47 Number 4, Spring 2006, Santa Clara University

Santa Clara Magazine

8 - A DREAM OPPORTUNITY by Monte Lorenzet. Santa Clara University's sleep lab is one of just a handful of similar research facilities at undergraduate institutions. Students, alumni, faculty, and the research community are all benefiting from the fledgling lab.

10 - SCIENCE AND SOCIAL JUSTICE by Kim Kooyers. Social entrepreneurs use technology to address some of the world's urgent needs. Last November, some of these innovators were honored at the Tech Museum Awards, an international awards program.

14 - GIGANTES Y CABEZUDOS by Elizabeth Kelley Gillogly '93. In an intensive workshop featuring seasoned artists from Spain, SCU students explored …

Edward Said, John Berger, Jean Mohr: In Search Of An Other Optic, John C. Hawley

English

We have no known Einsteins, no Chagall, no Freud or Rubenstein to protect us with a legacy of glorious achievements.
-Said, After the Last Sky ( 17)

This humble epigraph spoken on behalf of the Palestinian people by one of its most visible apologists now serves ironically as his own epitaph, for Edward Said surely has achieved as impressive a position in academia as anyone in the twentieth century, and he now enters the lists of memorable contributors to the human project. One notes that such a sentence, relatively brief as it may be, nonetheless & bristles with the combative …

Introduction To Socialism's Muse, Naomi J. Andrews

History

The disappointment of feminist aspirations in 1848 nevertheless demands more thoroughgoing explanation than its impracticality in politically charged times. We must not lose track of the fact that during the July Monarchy a truly remarkable intellectual revolution took place. For the shy twenty years of Louis Philippe’s reign the formerly unthinkable became relatively commonplace: women’s equality came to be a central tenet of the most avant-garde intellectual and political movement of the day, romantic socialism. Given its integral importance to the earliest pronouncements of socialist philosophy, the totality of feminism’s neglect during the moment of political opportunity afforded to socialism …

"Archaic Ambivalence": The Case Of South Africa, John C. Hawley

English

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