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The Debiasing Of Judgmental Errors Associated With Anxiety., Bret Gavin Bentz
The Debiasing Of Judgmental Errors Associated With Anxiety., Bret Gavin Bentz
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
It was the goal of the current study to investigate one debiasing technique and its ability to reduce judgmental errors. In addition, a rival hypothesis of demand characteristics was examined as a possible explanation of any findings of the reduction of judgmental errors. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control group or a debiasing group and asked to rate the likelihood of several hypothetical events in a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 (Gender x Anxiety Group x Treatment Group x Repeated Measure) repeated measures experimental design. Level of anxiety responsiveness was measured to arrange subjects into a …
Traumatic Life Events, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, And Health Outcomes In A Low -Income, Primary Care Population., Bradford West Applegate
Traumatic Life Events, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, And Health Outcomes In A Low -Income, Primary Care Population., Bradford West Applegate
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Research suggests that individuals with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) have significant dysregulation in a number of physiological indices, especially the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Biological theories of PTSD propose that prolonged SNS and HPA axis dysregulation places individuals with PTSD at risk for development of medical morbidity and impairments in health status. The present study examined the following research questions: (a) what is the prevalence of traumatic life events and PTSD in a low-income primary care population? (b) does PTSD predict impairments in self-reported health status after controlling for age, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and obesity? …
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And The Avoidance Of Responsibility: An Evaluation Of Parents' Attributions And Their Relation To Treatment Acceptability., Urdur Njardvik
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The study examined attributions of responsibility, stability, and controllability of parents of children with or without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The relationship between attributions and acceptability of commonly used behavioral treatments also was examined. Participants were recruited from a hospital based outpatient clinic that mainly serves indigent families. The sample consisted of 50 parents of children diagnosed with ADHD and 50 parents of children without the diagnosis, who served as a comparison group. Assessment measures included an adapted version of the Powell Avoidance of Responsibility Scale (Powell & Rosen, 1999), the Conner's Parent Rating Scale (Conners, 1997), and the …
Development Of An Instrument For Predicting Success Of Persons In Real Estate Sales Careers., Carmel O. Streater
Development Of An Instrument For Predicting Success Of Persons In Real Estate Sales Careers., Carmel O. Streater
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The purpose of this research was to develop a biodata instrument that would validly predict individuals with zero or non-zero sales production in real estate sales careers. Correlational and factorial procedures were used to develop keys for the biodata instrument. A logistic regression analysis was performed to measure the ability of the instrument to correctly predict the dichotomous forms of the dependent variables. Follow-up data on sales production was gathered at three and six months after the biodata instrument was administered. Subjects were real estate salespersons enrolled in entrylevel training classes across the country. Dependent variables in this study were …
The Effect Of Antecedent And Consequent Strategies On Increasing Student Homework Compliance And Academic Achievement., Donna Marie Gilbertson
The Effect Of Antecedent And Consequent Strategies On Increasing Student Homework Compliance And Academic Achievement., Donna Marie Gilbertson
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The primary purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of homework and alternatives to homework on student math completion, accuracy and fluency for low socioeconomic students. To examine possible causes of homework problems as well as the effect of different treatments on math fluency, this study used an idiographic protocol to systematically examine the effects of antecedent and consequential strategies on different types of homework performance problems through several phases. First, a brief experimental analysis was conducted for each student to identify whether poor homework performance was due to a swill deficit or a performance deficit. Next, an …
Attentional And Judgement Biases Associated With Body Weight Preoccupation In Children And Adolescents., Stephanie Lynn Muller
Attentional And Judgement Biases Associated With Body Weight Preoccupation In Children And Adolescents., Stephanie Lynn Muller
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Most cognitive behavioral theories of the eating disorders emphasize the influences of beliefs and attitudes related to body weight and shape on the development and maintenance of pathological eating and weight control behaviors. Recent research has found support for the theories and specifically for the presence of attentional, judgement, and memory biases in individuals diagnosed with eating disorders as well as women who are preoccupied with body weight (Williamson, Muller, Reas, & Thaw, 1999). This research has focused almost without exception on adult populations. However, eating disorders as well as preoccupation with body size and shape have increased in preadolescent …
Prospective Memory: Contributions Of Age, Individual Differences, And Metamemory., Celinda M. Reese
Prospective Memory: Contributions Of Age, Individual Differences, And Metamemory., Celinda M. Reese
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The influence of age, ability, monitoring, and metamemory on event-based prospective memory was examined using an adapted version of G. O. Einstein and M. A. McDaniel's (1990) task. Two samples of younger and older adults who differed in educational attainment and verbal ability were compared. Contrary to previous research (Cherry & LeCompte, 1999), the age/ability groups did not differ on prospective memory performance. On-line monitoring ratings were not related to prospective memory but posttest monitoring ratings were. Age differences in reports of task-irrelevant thoughts emerged from the on-line monitoring data. Although age and ability group differences on self-reports of memory …
Effects Of Suggestive Questioning On Women's Self -Report Of Pain Information Following Colposcopy., Jodie Rabalais Guth
Effects Of Suggestive Questioning On Women's Self -Report Of Pain Information Following Colposcopy., Jodie Rabalais Guth
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
This study examined the effects of suggestive questioning on women's retrospective ratings of pain and anxiety experienced during colposcopy. The wording of questions was varied between participants (Pain Suggesting, Pain Denying, or No Suggestion). Number of recall sessions was also varied between participants in that some participants completed two ratings (Immediate and Delayed Recall) while others completed only one rating (Delayed Recall). Trait anxiety, pain severity at the time of the memory task, and medical procedure (whether or not the patient underwent a biopsy) were included in the analyses as covariates. Ratings of sensory and affective pain severity as well …
A Novel Experimental Approach To The Explication Of Information Processing Differences Between High And Low Anxious Individuals., Gina M. Manguno-Mire
A Novel Experimental Approach To The Explication Of Information Processing Differences Between High And Low Anxious Individuals., Gina M. Manguno-Mire
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The information processing perspective of cognition and emotion has been a fruitful area of research inquiry in recent years. As a result of this recent spate of interest, emotional processing biases in anxiety have been consistently demonstrated, indicating that anxious individuals possess a processing priority for threatening information. This study is an attempt to further examine the processing biases which characterize anxious and nonanxious individuals. Pilot work was conducted to investigate the utility of a novel approach, the affective categorization task, to examine the affective meaning of lexical stimuli. Pilot research using the affective categorization task with socially anxious individuals …
Locus Of Control, Religious Values, Work Values And Social Policy Choices., Carolyn Kasprzak Falkowski
Locus Of Control, Religious Values, Work Values And Social Policy Choices., Carolyn Kasprzak Falkowski
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Individuals' religious beliefs were examined in terms of their effect on one's positions on various social issues. Beliefs regarding salvation were chosen as beliefs central to a Christian faith. Locus of control and Protestant work ethic were included as related concepts. A sample of Christian (primarily Protestant) seminary students was selected in this study in order to include individuals who are more likely to have actively considered both their theology and their beliefs on social policies. Most of the seminarians expressed a significantly internal locus of control and some acceptance of the concepts included in the Protestant work ethic. Most …
Individualized Levels Treatment Packages For Severe Problem Behaviors In Persons With Developmental Disabilities., Karena Suzanne Rush
Individualized Levels Treatment Packages For Severe Problem Behaviors In Persons With Developmental Disabilities., Karena Suzanne Rush
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Levels treatment packages are widely used across many populations and settings. Most packages involve standardized procedures implemented across multiple participants. The current investigation examined the treatment efficacy of individualized levels treatment packages based on the results of functional analyses and systematic preference assessments. Three individuals with developmental disabilities participated in the study. Destructive behaviors for each participant were maintained by positive reinforcement. For one participant, destructive behaviors were maintained by negative reinforcement as well. The levels treatment packages consisted of two or three levels in which the density of attention and access to preferred materials were altered based on the …
Extending The Revelation Effect To Faces: Haven't We Met Before?, Jeffrey Roy Wilson
Extending The Revelation Effect To Faces: Haven't We Met Before?, Jeffrey Roy Wilson
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The revelation effect is an episodic memory phenomenon where participants are more likely to report that they recognize an item when it has been revealed in some way than when it has not. Although this effect is robust with respect to words, it has not been demonstrated with faces. The present series of experiments examined whether a revelation effect could be produced in face recognition memory. A revelation effect was found in 2 of 3 experiments using only faces for stimuli. Surprisingly, an anti-revelation effect was found in Experiment 4 when words were revealed before face recognition. The findings are …
Situational Frequency And Retrieval: The Effect Of Revelation On The Judgments For Occurrence Of Events., Craig Barton Neely
Situational Frequency And Retrieval: The Effect Of Revelation On The Judgments For Occurrence Of Events., Craig Barton Neely
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Only one prior experiment has examined the effect of revelation on situational frequency judgments (Exp. 3, Greene, 1996). In the current study, three experiments examined the effect of revelation on frequency estimation. Experiment 1A and 1B replicated and extended the study done by Greene (1996) by increasing the frequencies of study items from one to eight in both a random (1A) and blocked (1B) design. Experiment 2 examined the relation between the frequency of study items and the degree of distortion of the items revealed at test. A significant effect of revelation was found across frequencies for the three revealed …
An Evaluation Of Noncontingent Reinforcement Effects As A Function Of Baseline Reinforcement Schedules., Joel Eric Ringdahl
An Evaluation Of Noncontingent Reinforcement Effects As A Function Of Baseline Reinforcement Schedules., Joel Eric Ringdahl
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
An evaluation of fixed-time (FT) schedules and extinction was conducted with children who had mild to severe developmental disabilities. The principal research question was: Does the similarity between baseline (i.e., response-dependent) and FT reinforcement rates make behavior resistant to change? During Phase I for each of 13 participants, a reinforcer assessment was conducted. Those individuals for whom a reinforcement effect was demonstrated continued to Phase II. During Phase II, the effects of FT schedules with either similar or dissimilar reinforcer rates (relative to a response-dependent baseline) and extinction were assessed for each participant. Results suggested that both extinction and FT …
Discriminative Validity Of The Wide-Range Assessment Of Memory And Learning (Wraml) With Children With And Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd)., Heather Brewis Scheffler
Discriminative Validity Of The Wide-Range Assessment Of Memory And Learning (Wraml) With Children With And Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd)., Heather Brewis Scheffler
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The present study examined the discriminative validity of the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML), using the individual subscales, original indexes, and a factor structure proposed by Burton, Donders, and Mittenberg (1996) that includes an Attention factor. The sample consisted of 57 non-learning disordered children who were enrolled in the first through the seventh grade and met criteria for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and 62 Control children. The groups were matched by age, race, SES, and estimated intellectual ability. Group comparisons by MANCOVA revealed that, after controlling for the effects of math and reading achievement, differences between the groups …
The Role Of Trait And State Anxiety In Semantic Network Organization Of Information Related To Current Concerns., Gretchen Joan Diefenbach
The Role Of Trait And State Anxiety In Semantic Network Organization Of Information Related To Current Concerns., Gretchen Joan Diefenbach
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
In the first study of this report empirically-derived cognitive networks were established for high trait test anxious participants ( n = 28) and low trait test anxious participants (n = 25) during periods of both high and low exam stress. Cognitive networks were created using the Pathfinder algorithm, which transforms pair-wise word similarity ratings into an associative network. Information included in the networks pertained to the following word categories: testing situations, positive performance evaluation, and negative performance evaluation. Contrary to predictions, there was no effect of either trait or state test anxiety on semantic network organization. These findings fail to …
Detecting Simulated Memory Impairment After Closed Head Injury: Validation Of The Word Completion Memory Test (Wcmt)., Robin Colleen Hilsabeck
Detecting Simulated Memory Impairment After Closed Head Injury: Validation Of The Word Completion Memory Test (Wcmt)., Robin Colleen Hilsabeck
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Simulation is the intentional production or exaggeration of psychological symptoms (cognitive and/or emotional) in an effort to obtain secondary gain (e.g., avoiding work, obtaining financial compensation). While most current simulation measures can successfully identify obvious attempts at faking cognitive deficits (e.g., memory impairment), they have been much less successful at identifying more sophisticated simulators. The Word Completion Memory Test (WCMT) is the first measure specifically developed to detect more sophisticated attempts at feigning memory impairment. Unlike other simulation detection measures, a sophisticated coaching methodology was used in developing the WCMT. An initial validity study suggested the WCMT is a valid …
Psychometric And Historical Predictors Of Behavior In Incarcerated Female Juvenile Offenders: A Longitudinal Analysis., Michael P. Santa Maria
Psychometric And Historical Predictors Of Behavior In Incarcerated Female Juvenile Offenders: A Longitudinal Analysis., Michael P. Santa Maria
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether factors known to predict recidivism and future misbehavior are useful in predicting behavior of offenders while incarcerated. This study examined the population of all incarcerated and recently released female juvenile offenders in Louisiana (n = 211). Predictive equations were developed based on demographic, offense-related, and psychological test variables including: age, race, age at first offense, number of prior offenses, history of a violent offense, history of physical abuse, history of sexual abuse, history of alcohol abuse, history of drug abuse, IQ, and Test of Adult Basic Education (TABE) Reading Comprehension …
Effect Of An Individualized Treatment Protocol On Competency Restoration In Pretrial Forensic Inpatients., Lisa Jo Bertman
Effect Of An Individualized Treatment Protocol On Competency Restoration In Pretrial Forensic Inpatients., Lisa Jo Bertman
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Competency to stand trial refers to a defendant's ability to consult with his attorney with a reasonable degree of factual and rational understanding of the proceedings against him. If declared incompetent to stand trial by the courts, judicial proceedings are postponed until a defendant's competency deficits are remediated. However, there is a paucity of data on treatment of individuals who have been declared incompetent to stand trial. This study evaluated the effectiveness of individualized treatment on competency restoration in pretrial patients. This investigation improved upon previous group treatment studies, all but one of which were uncontrolled. Treatment groups were: Deficit-Focused …
Ideomotor Apraxia And Lesion Location: Analysis Of Error Types, Motor Function, And Task Demands., Brenda Hanna-Pladdy
Ideomotor Apraxia And Lesion Location: Analysis Of Error Types, Motor Function, And Task Demands., Brenda Hanna-Pladdy
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Ideomotor apraxia is a disorder of learned skilled movement which typically has been attributed to damage confined predominantly to the frontal and parietal cortical areas within the hemisphere dominant for speech. However, most studies of the anatomical basis of apraxia have relied on case studies or have only approximate lesion localization, and few studies have examined motor performance in relation to lesion location. This study examined the relationship of apraxia severity to lesion location (in both cortical/subcortical dimensions and anterior/posterior dimensions), aphasia, motor performance, and task demands, and identified the existence of subtypes of apraxia with characteristic performance profiles (error …
Preschool Children's Negotiation Of Intersubjectivity During Rough -And -Tumble Play., Donna Michele Dewolf
Preschool Children's Negotiation Of Intersubjectivity During Rough -And -Tumble Play., Donna Michele Dewolf
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
This current study included an exploratory component, as well as, a confirmatory component. The exploratory component of the study involved developing an understanding of how children negotiate intersubjectivity during rough-and-tumble play (R&T play). Utilizing participant observation, the researcher described the context and the experiences of children as they jointly negotiated a shared understanding during R&T play. The researcher discovered, in R&T play, a structure and level of shared thinking among participants similar to other types of social play. The confirmatory component of the study involved conducting analyses on certain child characteristics as they related to participation in R&T play episodes. …
Increasing Accuracy In Children's Verbal Self -Report Of Reinforcers., Gina Michelle Digiovanni
Increasing Accuracy In Children's Verbal Self -Report Of Reinforcers., Gina Michelle Digiovanni
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Several studies have examined the relationship between self-report of behavior and actual behavior (Baer, Williams, Osnes, & Stokes, 1985; Bernstein & Michael, 1990; Risley & Hart, 1968). Results from such studies indicate poor correspondence between verbal self-report and actual behavior. This finding is particularly true for children (Guevremont, Osnes, & Stokes, 1986). However, few studies have examined conditions under which the accuracy of self-report procedures can be increased. The current study evaluated whether the accuracy of children's verbal self-report of reinforcers could be increased by modifying antecedent conditions. Specifically, the current study examined the effects of two antecedent variables (i.e., …
Selective Processing Of Sexual, Violent, And Neutral Information: A Study Comparing Individuals With And Without A History Of Sexual Trauma., Stephanie Irene Bush
Selective Processing Of Sexual, Violent, And Neutral Information: A Study Comparing Individuals With And Without A History Of Sexual Trauma., Stephanie Irene Bush
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The current research investigated processing biases that influence responding to emotionally relevant information in individuals with and without a history of sexual trauma. Previous research (MacLeod, Mathews, & Tata, 1986; MacLeod & Mathews, 1988; Mathews & MacLeod, 1985) has indicated that individuals with anxiety disorders shift their attention toward threatening stimuli, resulting in reduced reaction times to probes appearing near such stimuli. This effect has been found to be content specific, in that individuals with certain fears respond faster to information congruent with their concerns. The current study was undertaken to explore the possible differences in attention allocation to sexual, …
An Examination Of The Spaced-Retrieval Technique: A Method To Improve Memory In Older Adults With Probable Alzheimer's Disease., Shannon S. Simmons-D'Gerolamo
An Examination Of The Spaced-Retrieval Technique: A Method To Improve Memory In Older Adults With Probable Alzheimer's Disease., Shannon S. Simmons-D'Gerolamo
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
In this study, we used the spaced-retrieval technique as a mnemonic device for those persons with cognitive deficits such as probable Alzheimer's Disease. Three main goals of this research were to gain insight into the long-term effectiveness of the spaced-retrieval technique, examine ways to enhance the overall effectiveness of the spaced-retrieval technique, and adapt spaced-retrieval for applied use in real-world settings. Results indicated that participants did not show savings-in-relearning over a two year follow-up span, but did show it over a one year and six month span. Results provided modest evidence of the effects of exposure to the target-item orientation …
Customers' Perceptions Of The Service They Receive: The Influence Of Employee Extra -Role Job Behaviors., Robert Carlton Baker Iv
Customers' Perceptions Of The Service They Receive: The Influence Of Employee Extra -Role Job Behaviors., Robert Carlton Baker Iv
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Today's organizations face increased global and domestic competition, more downsizing, growing emphasis on team based work, and increased focus on customer service issues. This changing work environment necessitates a more complete examination of contextual factors impacting service delivery, including extra-role employee job behaviors (Bettencourt & Brown, 1997; Borman & Motowidlo, 1997). The current study examines the effects of employees' extra-role job behaviors on customers' perceptions of service. Specifically, the present study investigates two types of employee extra-role job behaviors: (1) organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), and (2) organizationally deviant behaviors (ODBs). These specific employee extra-role job behaviors are studied in order …
Life Events, Social Support, And Blood Pressure Control In Low -Income Hypertensive Patients., Steven Christopher Ames
Life Events, Social Support, And Blood Pressure Control In Low -Income Hypertensive Patients., Steven Christopher Ames
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
This study examined whether minor, chronic, and major stressors predicted poor blood pressure control in low-income hypertensives, and whether social support served as a moderator of this relation. Additionally, whether the construct of social support served as an independent predictor of poor blood pressure control was also examined. Participants included 231 patients randomly recruited from primary care medicine clinics at a public medical center. The sample included in this study was selected from an existing data set. The existing data set consisted of 432 patients randomly chosen on consecutive days from a family practice and an internal medicine medical clinic …
Intervention Implementation And Intervention Outcomes For Teenage Mothers In School -Based Treatment For Social And Academic Problems., Cherri Edenfield Penton
Intervention Implementation And Intervention Outcomes For Teenage Mothers In School -Based Treatment For Social And Academic Problems., Cherri Edenfield Penton
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
The effects of a strong treatment package, comprised of 2 types of performance feedback plus incentives, on the social behavior and academic progress of 9 minority teenage mothers attending an inner-city high school, was investigated. Treatment integrity of their teachers and parents was also evaluated. Research shows that academic deficits and conduct problems are strong correlates of early pregnancy, Many students experience academic failure and related disciplinary problems because no one monitors their behavior. In this study, a comprehensive treatment was developed to be used across settings (home, school and a school-based health clinic) and across treatment agents (parent, teacher, …
The Effects Of Problem Constraint Analysis On Analogical Transfer., Ann Elizabeth Speed
The Effects Of Problem Constraint Analysis On Analogical Transfer., Ann Elizabeth Speed
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
One primary goal of education, either in the schools or in a training situation, is for the students to use the information learned in the classroom in other relevant situations. This goal of transfer of training proves difficult to attain. Several manipulations used in the literature have increased transfer (Catrambone & Holyoak, 1989; Gick & Holyoak, 1980,1983). However, all of these manipulations are not feasible for real-world use. The current experiments were designed to increase the ecological validity of manipulations and stimuli used previously by providing feedback to participants about their initial solution to a problem. Interestingly, the feedback manipulation …
A Comprehensive Functional Assessment Of The Effects Of Methylphenidate On The Disruptive Behavior Of Children With Severe Mental Retardation., Victoria C. Swanson
A Comprehensive Functional Assessment Of The Effects Of Methylphenidate On The Disruptive Behavior Of Children With Severe Mental Retardation., Victoria C. Swanson
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Methylphenidate (MPH) has proven efficacy with the disruptive behaviors of children with ADHD in regular education settings (Gully and Northup, 1997; Northup et el., 1999; in press). Blum, Mauk, McComas, and Mace (1996) researched the separate and combined effects of behavioral and MPH treatments on the task engagement and disruptive behavior of 3 children with severe to profound mental retardation. This study used a single-subject, multielement or alternating treatment design to assess the separate and combined effects of MPH and behavioral treatments on the performance of 5 children with severe to profound mental retardation. MPH effects were evaluated within and …
The Effects Of Team-Member Attributes On Team Performance: A Model Of Individual Contribution To Team Performance., Joe J. Yum
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses
Although team composition is one of the most frequently studied topics in team research, much remains unknown regarding what attributes to look for when selecting team-members and how these attributes affect team performance. The purpose of this study was to present and to test a theoretical model that depicts how individual attributes affect team-member performance and how team-member performance ultimately affects team performance. The proposed model is based on the integration of research on team and individual performance. From a practical standpoint, understanding the relationships among the variables in the proposed model may be important for the selection of employees …