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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
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Prosociality: Promoting Helpful Behaviors Not Just Helpful Intentions, Katherine E. Lees
Prosociality: Promoting Helpful Behaviors Not Just Helpful Intentions, Katherine E. Lees
Honors College
When social institutions (e.g. Religion and the State) give reminders to help others, it can promote prosociality. Shariff’s (2016) meta-analysis of prosociality indicates that religiosity promotes self-reported helping, but finds no consistent effect in lab-based behavioral measures of prosociality. Furthermore, existing behavioral measures are often not ecologically-valid representations of prosociality, leaving the unique effect of religion on helping unclear. This study explores the role of religion on helping, which is known to promote helping between group members, and the state, which promotes helping across groups, in a relatively valid behavioral helping scenario. Participants are reminded to help those in need …
Challenging The “Jolly Fat” Hypothesis Among Older Adults: High Body Mass Index Predicts Increases In Depressive Symptoms Over A 5-Year Period, Peter J. Dearborn Ma, Michael A. Robbins Ph.D., Merrill F. Elias Ph.D., Mph
Challenging The “Jolly Fat” Hypothesis Among Older Adults: High Body Mass Index Predicts Increases In Depressive Symptoms Over A 5-Year Period, Peter J. Dearborn Ma, Michael A. Robbins Ph.D., Merrill F. Elias Ph.D., Mph
Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Papers
Several investigators have observed lowered risk of depression among obese older adults, coining the “jolly fat” hypothesis. We examined this hypothesis using baseline and a 5-year follow-up body mass index, depressive symptoms, and covariates from 638 community-based older adults. High objectively measured body mass index and functional limitations predicted increased future depressive symptoms. However, symptoms did not predict future body mass index. Self-reported body mass index showed similar associations despite underestimating obesity prevalence. Results did not differ on the basis of gender. Results for this study, the first longitudinal reciprocal risk analysis between objectively measured body mass index and depressive …
Habitual Chocolate Intake And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In The Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study: (1975-2010): Prospective Observations, Georgina E. Crichton, Merrill F. Elias, Peter J. Dearborn Ma, Michael A. Robbins
Habitual Chocolate Intake And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In The Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study: (1975-2010): Prospective Observations, Georgina E. Crichton, Merrill F. Elias, Peter J. Dearborn Ma, Michael A. Robbins
Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Papers
Compounds in cocoa and chocolate have established cardiovascular benefits, including beneficial effects on insulin resistance, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aims of this study was to investigate relations between habitual chocolate intakes and diabetes mellitus. Cross-sectional and prospective analyses were undertaken on 953 community-dwelling participants (mean age 62 years, 59% women) from the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study (MSLS). Habitual chocolate intakes, measured using a food frequency questionnaire, were related to prevalence of diabetes mellitus (cross-sectionally) and with risk of diabetes measured approximately five years later (prospectively). We also examined the relation between diabetes (the predictor) and chocolate …
Relation Of Habitual Chocolate Consumption To Arterial Stiffness In A Community-Based Sample: Preliminary Findings, Georgina E. Crichton, Merrill F. Elias, Ala’A Alkerwi, Walter P. Abhayaratna
Relation Of Habitual Chocolate Consumption To Arterial Stiffness In A Community-Based Sample: Preliminary Findings, Georgina E. Crichton, Merrill F. Elias, Ala’A Alkerwi, Walter P. Abhayaratna
Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Papers
No abstract provided.
Chocolate Intake Is Associated With Better Cognitive Function: The Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study, Georgina E. Crichton, Merrill F. Elias, Ala’A Alkerwi
Chocolate Intake Is Associated With Better Cognitive Function: The Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study, Georgina E. Crichton, Merrill F. Elias, Ala’A Alkerwi
Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Papers
Chocolate and cocoa flavanols have been associated with improvements in a range of health complaints dating from ancient times, and has established cardiovascular benefits. Less is known about the effects of chocolate on neurocognition and behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate whether chocolate intake was associated with cognitive function, with adjustment for cardiovascular, lifestyle and dietary factors. Cross-sectional analyses were undertaken on 968 community-dwelling participants, aged 23e98 years, from the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study (MSLS). Habitual chocolate intake was related to cognitive performance, measured with an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests. More frequent chocolate consumption was significantly associated …
Daily Chocolate Consumption Is Inversely Associated With Insulin Resistance And Liver Enzymes In The Observation Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Study, Ala’A Alkerwi, Nicolas Sauvegeot, Georgina E. Crichton, Merrill F. Elias, Saverio Stranges
Daily Chocolate Consumption Is Inversely Associated With Insulin Resistance And Liver Enzymes In The Observation Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Study, Ala’A Alkerwi, Nicolas Sauvegeot, Georgina E. Crichton, Merrill F. Elias, Saverio Stranges
Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Papers
This study examined the association of chocolate consumption with insulin resistance and serum liver enzymes in a national sample of adults in Luxembourg. A random sample of 1153 individuals, aged 18–69 years, was recruited to participate in the cross-sectional Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg study. Chocolate consumption (g/d) was obtained from a semi-quantitative FFQ. Blood glucose and insulin levels were used for the homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Hepatic biomarkers such as serum γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (γ-GT), serum aspartate transaminase and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) (mg/l) were assessed using standard laboratory assays. Chocolate consumers (81·8 %) were more …
The Effects Of Equine-Assisted Activities On The Attachment Security Of Abused Women, Ilana B. Silver
The Effects Of Equine-Assisted Activities On The Attachment Security Of Abused Women, Ilana B. Silver
Honors College
The present study was designed to explore the impact of equine-assisted activities on attachment security among women who have experienced intimate partner violence. Attachment security was assessed at three different time points using the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR) (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998), which measures attachment on two separate scales of anxiety and avoidance. Proximity maintenance, one of the components of an attachment figure, was assessed using coded video data of the interaction between horse and participant during their first meeting and goodbye. Five women who self-reported experiencing domestic abuse were recruited for this study, of whom four …
The Associations Between Reflective Rumination And Related Constructs, Bryanna P. Plummer
The Associations Between Reflective Rumination And Related Constructs, Bryanna P. Plummer
Honors College
According to the Response Styles Theory, the way in which an individual responds to depressed mood influences the duration and severity of one’s depressed mood (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991). In particular, a ruminative response, or tendency to repeatedly think about the causes and consequences of one’s depressed mood is hypothesized to worsen depressed mood (Nolen-Hoeksema, Wisco & Lyubomirsky, 2008). Research examining the measure of rumination using the Ruminative Response Scale (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991), Treynor, Gonzalez and Nolen-Hoeksema (2003) has yielded two distinct subtypes of rumination: brooding and reflection. Brooding was conceptualized as a maladaptive form of rumination, while reflection was thought …
A Study Of Personality Traits Of Travel And Cultural Awareness, Meaghan Labbe
A Study Of Personality Traits Of Travel And Cultural Awareness, Meaghan Labbe
Honors College
The present study aimed to investigate relationships for the Big 5 Personality traits of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism with a range of inventories that assessed travel desire and travel experience. The specific travel measures that were included are travel desire, cultural awareness, emotional regulation, existential authenticity, loyalty, agency and cultural motivation. The study also compared characteristics associated with a preference for specific types of travel such as authentic destinations, which give travelers a chance to experience the place they are in through engagement with the culture, people, and surroundings, versus staged destinations which are defined more in terms …
The Long-Term Impact Of Chemotherapy On Neurogenesis And The Potential Use Of Fluoxetine As Preventative Treatment, Margaret Ross
The Long-Term Impact Of Chemotherapy On Neurogenesis And The Potential Use Of Fluoxetine As Preventative Treatment, Margaret Ross
Honors College
The present study attempts to investigate a potential underlying mechanism that contributes to cognitive impairments associated with chemotherapy treatment. In addition, it looks to investigate the potential preventative treatment using an antidepressant agent (Fluoxetine) to reduce the effects observed by chemotherapy treatment. One proposed explanation for Chemo Brain is a reduction in the proliferation of new brain cells. This study was designed to investigate this mechanism and was conducted in a series of two experiments. In experiment 1, 37 C57BL/6J male mice were administered saline or one of two chemotherapy agents; Cyclophosphamide or Doxorubicin over the course of eight days. …
Risk For Cognitive Impairment Across 22 Measures Of Cognitive Ability In Early-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease, Rachael V. Torres, Merrill F. Elias, Stephen L. Seliger, Adam Davey, Michael A. Robbins
Risk For Cognitive Impairment Across 22 Measures Of Cognitive Ability In Early-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease, Rachael V. Torres, Merrill F. Elias, Stephen L. Seliger, Adam Davey, Michael A. Robbins
Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Papers
No abstract provided.
Association Between Depressive Symptoms, Use Of Antidepressant Medication And The Metabolic Syndrome: The Maine-Syracuse Study, Georgina E. Crichton, Merrill F. Elias, Michael A. Robbins
Association Between Depressive Symptoms, Use Of Antidepressant Medication And The Metabolic Syndrome: The Maine-Syracuse Study, Georgina E. Crichton, Merrill F. Elias, Michael A. Robbins
Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Papers
No abstract provided.
Sugar-Sweetened Soft Drinks Are Associated With Poorer Cognitive Function In Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: The Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study, Georgina E. Crichton, Merrill F. Elias, Rachael V. Torres
Sugar-Sweetened Soft Drinks Are Associated With Poorer Cognitive Function In Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: The Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study, Georgina E. Crichton, Merrill F. Elias, Rachael V. Torres
Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Papers
The importance of adequate nutrition on cognitive performance is well recognised. Greater intakes of soft drinks are associated with a higher risk for type 2 diabetes, as well as other cardiometabolic diseases. A few studies have specifically examined whether the intake of soft drinks may be related to cognitive function. The aim of this study was to investigate whether soft drink intakes, including both sugar-sweetened and diet beverages, are associated with cognitive function, with adjustment for cardiovascular, lifestyle and dietary factors, and stratified according to type 2 diabetes status. Cross-sectional analyses were undertaken using 803 community-dwelling participants, aged 23–98 years, …
The Eye Is The Window To The Kidney And Brain, Merrill F. Elias, Rachael V. Torres, Adam Davey
The Eye Is The Window To The Kidney And Brain, Merrill F. Elias, Rachael V. Torres, Adam Davey
Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Papers
No abstract provided.