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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
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Does A Positive Illusory Bias Mediate The Moderating Effect Of Achievement Orientation On Response To Exclusion In Boys With Adhd?, Alexandria G. Fladhammer
Does A Positive Illusory Bias Mediate The Moderating Effect Of Achievement Orientation On Response To Exclusion In Boys With Adhd?, Alexandria G. Fladhammer
Theses and Dissertations
Disturbed peer relationships have commonly been found to have long-lasting adverse impacts on children, including school dropout, substance abuse, criminal offenses, psychological maladjustment, and academic problems (Mrug et al., 2012). One subgroup of children well-known to struggle with their peer relationships are children with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Hoza, 2007). These children often engage in high rate, intrusive behaviors and are excluded from peer interactions (Hoza et al., 2005). The frequent rejection that these children endure highlights the need for research focused on ostracism, the exclusion or ignoring of others by individuals or groups (Williams, 2007). Thus, the purpose of the current …
Relationship Closeness And Joint Action Coordination, Vincent Tyler Cialdella
Relationship Closeness And Joint Action Coordination, Vincent Tyler Cialdella
Theses and Dissertations
Researchers define joint action coordination as “two or more actors [coordinating] their actions under real time constraints with or without the explicit intention to do so” (van der Wel, Knoblich, & Sebanz, 2011, p. 1420). While previous research has investigated how the valence (i.e., the attractiveness or aversiveness) of interpersonal relationships affects interpersonal coordination dynamics (Hommel, Colzato, & van den Wildenberg, 2009), the present experiment examines the effects of relationship closeness on joint action coordination. First, dyads collaboratively completed a stimulus-control task on a computer. This task is used to assess general cooperative performance (Schloesser, Bai, Abney, & Jordan, 2015). …
Using Context Specific Measures Of Maximizing Tendency To Reduce Inconsistency In Findings, Thomas Holzhauer
Using Context Specific Measures Of Maximizing Tendency To Reduce Inconsistency In Findings, Thomas Holzhauer
Theses and Dissertations
The relation between maximizing tendency, the tendency to search for alternatives to make the highest quality decision, and its theorized outcome, regret, has mixed support in previous maximizing tendency literature. In the current study, it was hypothesized that measuring maximizing tendency in different contexts, as opposed to measuring maximizing tendency globally, could reduce this inconsistency. This hypothesis was tested by administering measures of maximizing tendency from different contexts and maximizing tendency without context and using the results in hypothesized models. The models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and path analysis. Results showed that using context specific …
Experiential Similarity Of Depression And Interpersonal Empathy, Sarah E. Caputo
Experiential Similarity Of Depression And Interpersonal Empathy, Sarah E. Caputo
Theses and Dissertations
The ability to build and maintain supportive, social relationships has been linked to both physical and psychological well-being (e.g., Baumeister & Leary, 1995; Kawachi & Berkman, 2001). Yet, social struggles are a commonly observed symptom among individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), particularly with regards to interpersonal empathy. Perceptions of interpersonal similarity can influence empathic engagement with others (e.g., Batson et al., 1996; Hodges, Kiel, Kramer, Veach, & Villanueva, 2010); often, interpersonal similarity will lead to greater empathic engagement. The present study asked participants to listen to audio clips of a fictitious therapy client discussing either depression or non-depression-related financial …
Applying Conditional Distributions To Individuals: Using Latent Variable Models, Feng Ji
Applying Conditional Distributions To Individuals: Using Latent Variable Models, Feng Ji
Theses and Dissertations
This study proposes a new method to interpret individual results of psychological test batteries. The Mahalanobis distance is a commonly-used measure of how unusual an individual’s profile of scores is compared to a population of score profiles. In models in which there is a set of predictors and a set of dependent variables (e.g., cognitive abilities predicting academic abilities), it is useful to distinguish between a profile of dependent scores that is unusual because its profile of predictor scores is unusual and a profile of dependent scores that is unusual even after controlling for the predictors. The conditional Mahalanobis distance …
Diversity In Parenting: A Qualitative Study On The Socialization Goals Of Palestinian Mothers From Different Socio-Economic Backgrounds, Layali Ba Hamayel
Diversity In Parenting: A Qualitative Study On The Socialization Goals Of Palestinian Mothers From Different Socio-Economic Backgrounds, Layali Ba Hamayel
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined diversity in the socialization goals (SGs) of Palestinian mothers from different educational and socioeconomic backgrounds. It specifically looked at their cultural model using the Family Change model to analyze elements of collectivism and individualism in their attitudes and goals for the future. Purposeful-convenience sampling was used to recruit twelve urban Arab mothers of first grade children from two types of socio-economic backgrounds (SES). Each mother was interviewed about her goals and asked to describe her child. The interviews were analyzed thematically, and coding was guided by that used by other studies on SGs. One main finding was …
Dynamics Of Perception Of Affordances For Reaching For Self And Other, Alex Dayer
Dynamics Of Perception Of Affordances For Reaching For Self And Other, Alex Dayer
Theses and Dissertations
Perceivers are sensitive to the boundaries at which they must transition from one mode of performing a given behavior to another. As in other self-organizing systems, such transitions occur at a critical value of a parameter with continuous changes in that parameter. In general, behavioral transitions occur at larger values when that parameter increases than when it decreases (positive hysteresis), and perceptual transitions (for a behavior to be performed by one’s self) occur at larger values when that parameter decreases than when it increases (negative hysteresis). We investigated whether this pattern also occurs in perceptual transitions for a behavior to …
Emotional Overtones Of Professional Jargon As Experienced By English And Bilingual Speakers, Daisy Bueno
Emotional Overtones Of Professional Jargon As Experienced By English And Bilingual Speakers, Daisy Bueno
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has suggested that technical language is regularly used in the area of clinical practice called Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). However, the use of this technical language or jargon may elicit unpleasant emotional responses that could be expected to “turn off” clients or parents of child clients. To understand how emotional overtones of words may interfere with therapist-client communication, the current study utilized an online data collection tool to obtain word emotion ratings of jargon words and terms. The first study is a replication and extension of past research that used existing word emotion ratings for ABA jargon words …
Internalizing Outcomes Of Self-Objectification As Predictors Of Behavior In Sexual Situations, Kyla Marie Cary
Internalizing Outcomes Of Self-Objectification As Predictors Of Behavior In Sexual Situations, Kyla Marie Cary
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the current study was to examine various outcomes of self-objectification by creating latent variables encompassing several outcomes. Self-objectification was expected to predict self-surveillance, the behavioral manifestation of self-objectification. Self-surveillance was then expected to predict a latent variable termed internalizing states which encompassed: body shame, appearance anxiety, and sexual self-esteem. Finally, the latent variable of internalizing states was expected to predict a latent variable termed behavior in sexual situations which encompassed: sexual assertiveness, control over sexual encounters, and risky sexual behavior. The participants were 383 undergraduate women between the ages of 18 and 25. The majority of participants …
The Effects Of Technical Language And Individual Differences On Evaluating Interventions For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jillian R. Reiher
The Effects Of Technical Language And Individual Differences On Evaluating Interventions For Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jillian R. Reiher
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has identified many interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Some of these interventions are evidence-based; others are not. However, previous research has also found that people select interventions for their children with ASD based on several factors other than the evidence base. Other research has found that the language used when describing interventions also influences people’s perceptions of them. The current study examined several factors that may influence how people evaluate two widely used ASD interventions: Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) and Sensory Integration (SI). ABA is an evidence-based intervention, but SI does not have any empirical support. The …
Examining The Relationship Between Basic Needs Theory And Mental Toughness Transfer In Mentally Tough Athletes, Chelsi Scott
Examining The Relationship Between Basic Needs Theory And Mental Toughness Transfer In Mentally Tough Athletes, Chelsi Scott
Theses and Dissertations
Mental toughness can be defined as a psychological skill encompassing an individual’s ability to overcome adversity while still achieving high levels of performance and functioning. Sport is commonly referred to as a domain that helps to develop an athlete’s life skills, including mental toughness. The benefits of mental toughness stretch across multiple domains, making the ability to transfer mental toughness from one domain to another, advantageous. Transferring life skills is a multi-dimensional process involving an individual’s interaction with their environment and the degree to which they internalize the life skills but there is little evidence to explain if and how …
Attentional Bias To Food Words In Restrained Eaters, Brandon James Hodge
Attentional Bias To Food Words In Restrained Eaters, Brandon James Hodge
Theses and Dissertations
Attentional bias has been examined as one of the cognitive vulnerability factors for various psychopathology such as disordered eating. Attentional biases are important to examine as potential targets of interventions. Past research has demonstrated mixed findings on whether or not restrained eaters show cognitive biases (e.g., attentional sensitivity) toward words related to foods (Brooks et al., 2011; Dobson & Dozois, 2004; Francis, Stewart, & Hounsell, 1997). This study examined attentional bias to foods among restrained eaters using a computer based program, Mousetracker (Freeman & Ambady, 2010), that provided various indicators (i.e., reaction time, maximum deviations, and area under the curves) …
Prompting Procedure Skill Acquisition: The Role Of Performance Feedback, Ellen C. Wing
Prompting Procedure Skill Acquisition: The Role Of Performance Feedback, Ellen C. Wing
Theses and Dissertations
There is a need for educators to implement evidence-based treatments for children with autism. Effective training of professionals is essential in ensuring treatment is implemented with integrity. Behavioral Skills Training (BST), an efficacious staff training method, identifies feedback as a critical component of training; however, the role of feedback in this process has not been systematically examined. This research evaluates the efficiency at which prompting skills are acquired, the accuracy at which prompting skills are maintained one-week post acquisition, and the acceptability of training experience across individuals who received either performance feedback or general feedback following brief, video BST.
Negative Outcomes Associated With Childhood Sexual Abuse, Kristen N. Silbert
Negative Outcomes Associated With Childhood Sexual Abuse, Kristen N. Silbert
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the study was to examine whether attachment insecurity, global self-esteem, sexual self-esteem, and subjective well-being mediate the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and sexual assault during college. The participants included 158 female college students from Illinois State University. Students were granted the opportunity to receive extra credit for participating in the study. Participants completed a demographics questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Sexual Self-Esteem Inventory, the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Hot Topics Questionnaire, and the Sexual Experiences Survey. Of the 158 participants, 108 …