Digital Commons Network^™

Burned Rock Mounds In North-Central And Northeastern Oklahoma, Robert L. Brooks

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Burned rock mounds haven been identified in Oklahoma since the early twentieth century. The Oklahoma River Basin Survey pioneered the study of these features of the cultural landscape in the 1960's- 1970's; however, little research has taken place since that time. This paper reports on the history of research pertaining to burned rock mound features, examines their distribution on the cultural landscape and their construction, analyzes the artifact content of the mounds, and presents some thoughts on the purpose of mound construction and use

Towards A Common Understanding: A Revision Of Fourche Maline Chronology In Oklahoma, Luther J. Leith

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Answering the question of what Fourche Maline is has long been hampered by lack of consensus on the terminology and chronology within the ancestral Caddoan area of the four corners area of southeast Oklahoma, southwest Arkansas, northeast Texas and northwest Louisiana. To address this problem an evolution of the Oklahoma concept of Fourche Maline is presented, and developing a new chronology based on seriation of temporally sensitive artifact categories is discussed. It is concluded that Fourche Maline is a solely Woodland period culture, with a chronology that makes identifying changes over time possible. This conclusion will facilitate the understanding of …

Looped And Perforated Elbow Pipes In Northeast Texas, Jesse Todd

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Todd presented a general chronology for the presence of aboriginal-manufactured clay elbow pipes in Northeast Texas Caddo sites. Most of the pipe types have an extensive range in time; however, this may be true for thong elbow pipes. This paper looks further at the time range for; and the variety, of thong pipes.

Jackson refers to elbow pipes that have a hole between the keel and the bowl as "thong pipes." A string appears to have been run through the holes. He refers to the two types of pipes as "handled" and "holed," but "I use the terms "looped" and …

Book Review: Before The Line. Vol I, Ii, And Iii, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This three volume set written and compiled by Dr. Jim Tiller of Sam Houston State University (Huntsville, Texas) represents a significant body of work concerning the history of East Texas-Northwest Louisiana between 1803-1842. His study area includes what is now Caddo Parish in Louisiana and Harrison and Panola counties in Texas. Tiller's interest in the history of the Caddo Indian in this area is also shown by a series of articles he has written about them in recent years.

Peyoteism And The Origins Of Caddo Religious Thought, Robert Cast

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Caddo Indians practiced a vibrant peyote religion long before John Wilson (Moonhead) or Quanah Parker re-ignited the Native American Church. Moreover, research has show the importance of the peyote plant to the Caddo long before any European contact. The peyote religion at the time of the Spanish mission in Texas was full of songs and dances in honor of one known today as (Aah-hi-u kuu-i'-ha) or Father Above, translated to mean home where God lives. Although Swanton proposes that the Hasinai medicine men used peyote "at the beginning of the eighteenth century" (a reference to Friar Hidalgo's Spanish account) …

Book Review: Evolutionary And Interpretive Archaeologies: A Dialogue, Robert Z. Selden Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Originating as a seminar series at the Institute of Archaeology at the University College, London organized by the editors in 2007, and refined at the annual meeting of the Theoretical Archaeology Group in York in December of that same year, this volume represents the printed culmination of a continuation of that dialogue.

Documentation Of Ancestral Caddo Ceramic Vessels In The Smith County Historical Museum Collections, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Robert Z. Selden Jr., Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report puts on record the collection of 34 ancestral Caddo vessels held by the Smith County Historical Museum (SCHM) in Tyler, Texas. Most of the collection was donated to the SCHM in 2013, but several were also donated in 1985 (Carol Kehl, April 2014 personal communication).

The vessels in this collection have been documented following the methods employed by the Friends of Northeast Texas Archaeology and Archeological & Environmental Consultants, LLC on a number of ancestral Caddo ceramic collections from East Texas archaeological sites (e.g., Perttula 2011, 2013, 2014; Perttula and Nelson 2013; Perttula and Thacker 2014; Perttula et …

Documentation Of Caddo Vessels In The Robert L. Turner Collection At Stephen F. Austin State University, Timothy K. Perttula, Robert Z. Selden Jr., Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Perttula et al. (2010) documented more than 300 ceramic vessels in the Robert L. Turner, Jr. collection from ancestral Caddo burial sites in East Texas, primarily from the Big Cypress Creek basin, but also including vessels from sites in the middle Sabine, lower Sulphur River, and Neches/Angelina River basins. When the Turner collection was donated to Stephen F. Austin State University (SFASU) in 2012, it was noted that some of the vessels in the collection had not been documented by Perttula et al. (2010). In the spring of 2014 we had an opportunity to remedy the situation, and with the …

Documentation Of Cemeteries And Funerary Offerings From Sites In The Upper Neches River Basin, Anderson, Cherokee, And Smith Counties, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Robert Z. Selden Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This publications concerns the documentation of ceramic vessels, a ceramic pipe, a stemmed arrow point, and glass beads from several post-A.D. 1400 ancestral Caddo sites in the upper Neches River basin in Smith, Anderson, and Cherokee counties, Texas. Two of the sites have been recorded and have state of Texas trinomials: Vanderpool (41SM77) on Saline Creek and Pipe (41AN67) along the Neches River, but the other sites (one also on Saline Creek) and collections have not been.

These artifacts were recovered from a series of burials excavated and recorded by Buddy Calvin Jones at the sites in 1956 and 1960. …

Caddo Ceramic Vessels From Sites In The Upper Neches River Basin Of East Texas, Anderson And Cherokee Counties, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, P. Shawn Marceaux, Bo Nelson, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report concerns the analysis and documentation of 129 ancestral Caddo ceramic vessels from seven burial/cemetery sites in the upper Neches River basin in East Texas: R. L. Jowell (41AN13, n=13 vessels), Mrs. Emma Owens (41AN21, n=1 vessel), Richard Patton (41AN26, n=29 vessels), Pierce Freeman (41AN34, n=19 vessels), E. W. Hackney (41CE6, n=8 vessels), Jim P. Allen (41CE12, n=55 vessels), and R. F. Wallace (41CE20, n=1 vessel). These sites are part of a cluster of Late Caddo and Historic Caddo period sites in northeastern Anderson County and northwestern Cherokee County (Figures 1 and 2).

Documentation Of Caddo Funerary Objects From The Crenshaw Site (3mi6) In The Gilcrease Museum Collections, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Mark Walters, Robert Cast

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report is one in a series of reports produced and published by the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, Cultural Preservation Program, that concern the documentation of funerary objects in museum facilities that are subject to the provisions and regulations of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) (Gonzalez et al. 2005; Cast et al. 2006; Perttula et al. 2007, 2009a, 2009b, 2010). These documentation studies have been done either with grants from the National Park Service, or through funding provided by the museum facility. In the case of the present study of Caddo funerary objects from the Crenshaw …

Documentation Of Caddo Vessels And Sherds In The Herrington Collection At Tyler Junior College, In Smith County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Robert Z. Selden Jr., Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report puts on record the collection of ancestral Caddo vessels and sherds held by Tyler Junior College (TJC) in Tyler, Texas. This collection was donated by Al Herrington to TJC in 2012. The vessels and sherds in this collection have been documented following the methods employed by the Friends of Northeast Texas Archaeology and Archeological & Environmental Consultants, LLC on a number of ancestral Caddo ceramic collections from East Texas archaeological sites (e.g., Perttula 2011, 2013, 2014; Perttula and Nelson 2013; Perttula and Thacker 2014; Perttula et al. 2007, 2009a, 2009b, 2010a, 2010b, 2010c, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c, 2013, 2014). …

Shrub, Scrub, And Grass: The Importance Of Shrubland And Grassland Plant Communities To The Diet Of The Late Prehistoric (A.D. 900-1535) Hunter-Gatherers Of The Eastern Trans-Pecos Region Of Texas, Casey W. Riggs

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Eastern Trans-Pecos archeological region of Texas is an area rich in botanical diversity, a resource heavily utilized by both prehistoric and historic hunter-gatherers. A comparison of four paleoethnobotanical investigations of archeological sites dating to the Late Prehistoric Era (A.D. 900-1535) with ethnobotanical information of the Mescalero Apache reveal that the botanical component of prehistoric and historic diets have been similar for the past 1,000 years. Differences in the degree of similarity can be contributed to differential preservation and analytical techniques. Further, ecological sites from the Ecological Site Information System are demonstrated as a novel and useful tool for landscape-scale …

Evidence For A Long-Distance Trade In Bois D'Arc Bows In 16th Century Texas (Maclura Pomifera, Moraceae), Leslie L. Bush

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A piece of wood charcoal identified as bois d’arc (Maclura pomifera) was recovered from the Janee site (41MN33) in Menard County, Texas. The specimen has been directly dated to 400 ± 30 B.P., a period when no naturally-occurring bois d’arc stands are believed to have been present within 400 miles of the site. Bois d’arc ecology, economic uses of bois d’arc wood, and historical accounts of bois d’arc trade indicate the specimen is best interpreted as part of a trade item related to Caddo bow-making traditions in Northeast Texas and adjacent areas of other states.

Post Of Lampasas: Forgotten Reconstruction Era U.S. Army Post (1867-1870), Richard S. Jones

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

While it is well known that troops were stationed in and around Lampasas during the Reconstruction era (1865-1877), the existence of an army post in Lampasas County, Texas, has been rediscovered through the recent digitization of army post returns. The post returns, available through the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration and Ancestry.com, indicated that the post operated between 1867 and 1870. These post returns are utilized to highlight significant events that occurred in this area during the Reconstruction era. Circumstantial evidence obtained while conducting this research has identified the actual location of the post within the City of Lampasas.

Deflation Troughs, Water, And Prehistoric Occupation On The Margins Of The South Texas Sand Sheet, Juan L. González, Russell K. Skowronek, Bobbie L. Lovett

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Within the South Texas Plains, the area broadly defined by the Rio Grande to the south and the Nueces River to the north, a distance of ca. 175 km, evidence of open human occupation is remarkably abundant. Because it is predominantly a region of loose, sandy soils and active and relict sand dunes where wind processes dominate, the area is known as the South Texas Sand Sheet (STSS). There is no running water within the STSS and all streams are ephemeral. Existing drainage systems are small, localized, and not integrated, carrying water for a few days and up to two …

Archival Research Of The History Of The Francisco Flores Ranch, Adriana Munoz Ziga

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Francisco Flores Ranch, located northwest of Floresville, Texas, encompassed five sitios of land and one labor on the west bank of the San Antonio River at the paraje known as Chayopines. The Flores Ranch is one of the last surviving privately owned colonial ranches that have been identified in the San Antonio River valley containing standing structures possibly dating to the original date of occupation. I outline previous research on the property and offer new interpretations on the farm and ranch complex.

Ethj Vol-53 No-2

East Texas Historical Journal

No abstract provided.

Negative Findings Phase I Survey Report Justin Hurst Wildlife Management Area Brazoria County, Texas, Jeff Turpin

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

During October of 2014, Turpin and Sons Inc. (TAS) conducted a cultural resource assessment of two potential horizontal directional drill (HDD) locations and one additional baseline trench location along Jones Creek within the Justin Hurst Wildlife Management Area managed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The area of interest is located along an existing pipeline corridor between the San Bernard and Brazos rivers in southwest Brazoria County, Texas. The project was sponsored by Gremminger and Associates Inc., acting as agents for Air Liquide Large Industries U.S. LP, and conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit Number 7029 issued to Dr. Jeff …

Archeological Investigations At The Kitchen Branch (41cp220), B. J. Horton (41cp20), And Keering (41cp21) Sites, Big Cypress Creek Basin, Camp County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Mason Miller, R. Bo Nelson, Leslie L. Bush, Leslie G. Cecil, Linda Scott Cummings, Chase Earles, Rachel Feit, Jeffrey R. Ferguson, Michael D. Glascock, Melissa K. Logan, Robert Z. Selden Jr., Leeanna Schniebs, R. A. Varney, Chester P. Walker, Mindy Bonine

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report details excavations at the Kitchen Branch site (41CP220) in Camp County, Texas. Working on behalf of the Texas Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration, archeologists from AmaTerra Environmental, Inc., Archeological and Environmental Consultants, LLC, Hicks & Company Environmental, Archeological, and Planning Consultants, Inc, and Coastal Environments Inc., completed National Register of Historic Places and State Antiquities Landmark eligibility testing and later data recovery investigations of components of the Kitchen Branch site. Work was conducted for compliance with the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (as amended) and the Antiquities Code of Texas (13 TAC 26) between 2004 …

Data Recovery Investigations At The Tank Destroyer Site (41cv1378) At Fort Hood, Coryell County, Texas, Douglas K. Boyd, John E. Dockall, Karl W. Kibler, Gemma Mehalchick, Laura M. Short

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Data recovery investigations at the Tank Destroyer site (41CV1378) were conducted in August 2007 for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). This work was required because of potential impacts to the site from TxDOT’s planned improvements of Tank Destroyer Boulevard and State Highway 9. The investigations focused on a burned rock mound (Feature 1), one-half of which has been destroyed by an adjacent tank trail. The mound contained two internal features: an off-centered earth oven and a small cluster of Rabdotus sp. shells. With the exception of the location of its earth oven, the mound at the Tank Destroyer is …

Barrett Site (41mm382) Assessment, Milam County, Texas, J. Michael Quigg, Paul M. Matchen, Charles D. Frederick, Brittney Gregory, Robert A. Ricklis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Bryan District of Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) proposes to replace the existing bridge at the San Gabriel River along a farm-to-market road and expand the width of the existing two-lane roadway in Milam County (CSJ: 0590-05-027). In response to that proposed development, TxDOT staff archeologists from the Archeological Studies Program in Austin reviewed the Texas Historical Commission (THC) Archeological Sites Atlas, a database which contains previously documented cultural resource sites, and conducted an intensive archeological field survey with mechanical trenching along the proposed area of potential effect (APE) in February 2012. During that survey a buried prehistoric site …

Eligibility Testing At 41bu75, Burleson County, Texas, Jennifer K. Mcwilliams, Karl W. Kibler, John E. Dockall, Eloise Frances Gadus, Ross C. Fields

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Prewitt and Associates, Inc., conducted test excavations at site 41BU75 in Burleson County, Texas, to determine its eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places and designation as a State Antiquities Landmark. The work was performed in 2007 under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 4525 for the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division, in conjunction with a planned widening of FM 60, which will require up to 45 m of new right of way. The excavations consisted of six Gradall trenches and five 1x1-m hand-dug test units totaling 6.9 m3, all on state-owned land. Excavations yielded a small …

Relocation Of The Salvador Camarena Burial: Historical And Bioarcheological Investigations Of A Mexican Migrant Worker Grave (41mv372) In Maverick County, Texas, Douglas K. Boyd, Amy E. Dase, Christopher W. Ringstaff, M. Katherine Spradley, Catrina Banks Whitley

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

F rom 2011 through 2014, the Texas Department of Transportation collaborated with Prewitt and Associates, Inc., to investigate an isolated grave in a remote area alongside FM 481 in Maverick County, Texas. An initial archeological investigation confirmed that the location was a historic grave, and archival records revealed that it contained the remains of Salvador Camarena, a Mexican citizen who died in Texas in January 1950. Additional research identified Camarena’s son and other family members living in Mexico, California, and Texas. With the family’s permission, the burial remains were exhumed, examined, and reinterred at La Marque Cemetery in Galveston County, …

Historic Archeological Investigations At Roberts Cemetery Near Troy, Bell County, Texas, Jennifer K. Mcwilliams, Catrina Banks Whitley, Jeremy W. Pye, Terri Myers, James T. Abbott, Douglas K. Boyd

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

A preliminary archeological investigation was conducted in 2008 at Roberts Cemetery near Troy, Texas, as part of the Texas Department of Transportation’s planned expansion of Interstate Highway 35. Mechanical trenching discovered one unmarked grave near the highway right of way, and this led to an extensive mechanical search of the eastern edge of the cemetery in 2012. Following the removal of the southbound access road and thick layer of artificial fill, five additional unmarked graves were discovered. Of the six unmarked graves, two are located in the cemetery property and were left in place, but the four burials inside the …

Eligibility Testing At Three Prehistoric Sites At Lynch Creek, Lampasas County, Texas, J. Michael Quigg, Paul M. Matchen, Robert A. Ricklis, Shannon Gray, Charles D. Frederick, Jason Barrett

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In August 2004, archeologists from the Cultural Resources Section of the Planning, Permitting and Licensing Practice of TRC Environmental Corporation’s Austin office conducted National Register eligibility testing and geoarcheological documentation at three previously unrecorded prehistoric sites, 41LM49, 41LM50, and 41LM51, at two separate bridge crossings over Lynch Creek (TxDOT Project CSJ: #0231-15-032; designated East and West) by Farm to Market Road 580W (FM 580W) in western Lampasas County, Texas. This archeological investigation was necessary under the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), the implementing regulations of 36CRF Part 800 and the Antiquities Code of Texas …

A Precise Chronology Of Middle To Late Holocene Bison Exploitation In The Far Southern Great Plains, Jon C. Lohse, Brendan J. Culleton, Stephen L. Black, Douglas J. Kennett

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In regions on the margins of the Great Plains grasslands, documenting the intermittent history of bison exploitation has presented challenges to archeologists. Chronologies based on archeological associations have long been useful in regional research, but can be imprecise and of inadequate resolution for constructing precise sequences of prehistoric events. Here, we present a record of directly dated bison from archeological contexts spanning the last 6000 years on the very southern extent of the Great Plains. This study includes 61 specimens from archeological contexts that were dated by XAD purified AMS radiocarbon, with reported errors of only 15-20 14C years for …

Archeological Investigations For The Fm 270 Shared Use Path From Henderson Avenue To South Of The Hl&P Hot Water Canal, Harris And Galveston Counties, Texas, Julian A. Sitters, Rachel Feit

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In June of 2014, AmaTerra Environmental, Inc. (AmaTerra) carried out an intensive archeological investigation of the Texas Department of Transportation’s proposed bicycle and pedestrian shared use path along Farm-to-Market (FM) 270 in Harris and Galveston Counties, Texas (CSJ: 3312-01-008 and 3312-02-012). The proposed project extends from Henderson Avenue to approximately 1,000 feet south of the Houston Light & Power (HL&P) Hot Water Canal and entails the construction of a 16-foot wide shared use path, which includes two bridges: one over Clear Creek and a second bridge over the HL&P Hot Water Canal. The total project length is approximately 1.1 miles …

Cultural Resources Survey Of Forest Stewardship Area 1 For The City Of Tyler Smith County, Texas, Victor Galan

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Deep East Texas Archaeological Consultants (DETAC) conducted a cultural resource management survey for the City of Tyler, Texas of approximately 104.6 hectares (258.5 acres) in four tracts of Forest Stewardship Area 1 around Lake Tyler East. Timber will be thinned in the project area and hauled off the property. The pedestrian survey was conducted with a combination of visual examination in floodplains and shovel testing across upland ridges. A total of 232 shovel tests were excavated across the shovel tested areas. No new archaeological sites were recorded, but one isolated find was found in Tract 3 and a road cut …

Archeological Investigations Of The Proposed Leon Creek Emergency Bank Stabilization Project San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, Melanie Nichols

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On April 8, 2013, Atkins North America, Inc. (Atkins) conducted an emergency archaeological survey for the proposed City of San Antonio (COSA)-sponsored Leon Creek Emergency Bank Stabilization project in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. The project will include the removal of concrete that has been dumped along the north side of the Leon Creek channel as well as approximately 500 feet of immediate stabilization improvements along Leon Creek’s south channel wall. The project area is defined as the footprint of the proposed stabilization improvements along the north and south channel walls of Leon Creek. The proposed project is located on …