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2008, A Year Of Advances And Accomplishments, Johanna Garcia Garcia, Erika Estrada Chau
2008, A Year Of Advances And Accomplishments, Johanna Garcia Garcia, Erika Estrada Chau
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Since 1990, the Organization of American States’ national demining assistance programs have been working to educate citizens about landmines and eliminate existing minefields in Nicaragua. The OAS Acción Integral contra las Minas Antipersonal program has successfully worked to coordinate with the Ministry of Education, local representatives, community leaders and volunteers to promote awareness about landmines, protect people from further injuries and provide rehabilitation for survivors.
Impact Study On The Effects Of Demining Operations In Nicaragua, Carlos Orozco
Impact Study On The Effects Of Demining Operations In Nicaragua, Carlos Orozco
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
To evaluate demining operations in Nicaragua, the Acción Integral contra las Minas Antipersonal program conducted a study on the effects of demining in communities directly affected by landmines. The study showed both the negative effects of anti-personnel mines and the consequences they had on the community, but and also the positive effects that demining had in terms of security, trust and economic benefits.
U.S. Department Of State Humanitarian Mine-Action Support In Colombia, Edmund Trimakas
U.S. Department Of State Humanitarian Mine-Action Support In Colombia, Edmund Trimakas
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Years of conflict between the Colombian government and the militant groupFuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia has left the country littered with landmines and millions of internally displaced persons. The Colombian government is trying to address this situation. The Bureau of Political-Military Affairs’ Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement in the U.S. Department of State is working with Colombian organizations and nongovernmenal organizations to clean up contaminated areas and resettle Colombia’s IDPs.
Icrc Weapons-Contamination Activities In Colombia, Andy Wheatley
Icrc Weapons-Contamination Activities In Colombia, Andy Wheatley
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The International Committee of the Red Cross has been working alongside the Colombian Red Cross to ease Colombia’s weapons-contamination problem, made more difficult by ongoing conflict. By combining preventive measures, victim assistance, rehabilitation programs and economic aid, the ICRC has strengthened Colombian organizations, while educating the public and assisting those negatively affected by explosive remnants of war. The efforts of the ICRC have significantly helped Colombia where many other international organizations had found it difficult to assist because of the current political situation.
Oas—Aicma And Mine-Risk Education In Nicaragua, José Ramón Zepeda
Oas—Aicma And Mine-Risk Education In Nicaragua, José Ramón Zepeda
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
From 1979 to 1990, a violent internal conflict ravaged Nicaragua, leaving the country contaminated with landmines and unexploded ordnance. To help minimize the number of victims within the country, the Organization of American States’ mine-action program, Acción Integral contra las Minas Antipersonal, has been working with mine-risk education campaigns to help educate and inform communities about landmines and UXO.
Mine-Risk Education In Ecuador: A Person-To-Person Approach, Nelson Romeo Castillo Landazuri
Mine-Risk Education In Ecuador: A Person-To-Person Approach, Nelson Romeo Castillo Landazuri
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
“Explosive Mines Kill” is the message that the Organization of American States’ Acción Integral contra las Minas Antipersonal program wants to get across to communities living in mined areas in Ecuador. By taking an interpersonal approach to mine-risk education, the AICMA campaign advocates hope to raise awareness about the risks associated with anti-personnel mines and unexploded ordnance.
Mre And Community Leader Involvement In Risk-Prone Colombia, Lina Maria Ariaz Rojas, Ginna Andrea Lozano Jiménez
Mre And Community Leader Involvement In Risk-Prone Colombia, Lina Maria Ariaz Rojas, Ginna Andrea Lozano Jiménez
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The presence of unexploded ordnance and anti-personnel mines in regions of Colombia has displaced families and stirred up fear throughout the population. The Organization of American States’ Acción Integral contra las Minas Antipersonal program is bringing hope to these suffering communities by providing mine-risk education to its leaders and through creative awareness programs in its school systems.
Mine-Risk Education In Mine Action: How Is It Effective?, Sharif Baaser, Hugues Laurenge, Eric Filippino
Mine-Risk Education In Mine Action: How Is It Effective?, Sharif Baaser, Hugues Laurenge, Eric Filippino
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
While mine-risk education has faced questions about its effectiveness, it has been an important part of mine action for the past 20 years. As mine action continues to evolve, so does MRE and the ways in which it operates and works with at-risk communities. Continued success in many different countries has shown the effectiveness of MRE and the necessity of the discipline.
The Challenges Of Ied Awareness And Mre In Afghanistan, Mathias Hagstrøm
The Challenges Of Ied Awareness And Mre In Afghanistan, Mathias Hagstrøm
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Improvised explosive devices have become a significant threat to the people of Afghanistan and have surpassed the threat posed by other types of explosive remnants of war. In order to combat these dangers, the United Nations Mine Action Centre for Afghanistan has worked closely with other groups to develop an IED-awareness booklet that supports current mine-risk-education efforts.
International Trust Fund, Cisr Journal
International Trust Fund, Cisr Journal
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The International Trust Fund for Demining and Mine Victims Assistance is an organization that raises donations for mine action in Southeastern Europe and administers the donations to areas in need. The goal of the organization is to “eliminate the effect of mine contamination ... by 2010.” In 2008, the ITF managed US$33,999,200 in donations from 31 organizations (such as nongovernmental organizations, civic organizations, philanthropies and private companies) and 13 donor countries. It was the largest amount of donations the ITF had received in any single year.
Unsung Hero: Carson Harte, Cisr Journal
Unsung Hero: Carson Harte, Cisr Journal
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
For more than 15 years, Carson Harte’s work with The Cambodia Trust has been at the core of physical-rehabilitation efforts throughout Southeast Asia, a region whose legacy of conflict has made the need for trained professionals like prosthetists and orthotists invaluable. The Cambodia Trust—a nongovernmental organization based in the United Kingdom–addresses that need, and as its Executive Director, Harte has overseen the organization’s expanding operations in Indonesi and Sri Lanka, the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste.
The Journal Of Erw And Mine Action Issue 13.1 (2009), Cisr Journal
The Journal Of Erw And Mine Action Issue 13.1 (2009), Cisr Journal
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Focus: Central and South America | Feature: Mine-risk Education | Special Report: Small Arms/Light Weapons and MANPADS | Notes from the Field | Research and Development
Sa/Lw And The Osce Response, Jernej Cimperšek
Sa/Lw And The Osce Response, Jernej Cimperšek
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The illegal dissemination of small arms/light weapons has recently come to the forefront of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe’s agenda. Through security forums and the provision of literature and physical assistance to affected countries, the OSCE is working to rid Europe of SA/LW that may potentially spread to more militant nations. Working with other international organizations such as the United Nations, the OSCE aims to encourage implementation of its Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons, drafted to address the spread of SA/LW and related issues, and to completely rid the area of dangerous arms.
Chile, Country Profile
Chile, Country Profile
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Chilean involvement in landmine distribution began in the 1970s during the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship. Due to strained political relations, Pinochet ordered hundreds of thousands of landmines to be emplaced along the Argentine, Bolivian and Peruvian borders as a defensive measure. Many of these landmines were located in rugged terrain with unpredictable weather, making landmine removal a difficult and expensive task. Landmine use and distribution halted when the Chilean Foreign Ministry stated “its firm and decided commitment, … in 1985, not to produce, export, import, or lay new landmines.” Since this declaration, Chile has made many strides to remove the remaining …
Ecuador, Country Profile
Ecuador, Country Profile
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
At the Ninth Meeting of States Parties in November 2008, Ecuador was one of 15 countries to request an extension on the Ottawa Convention deadline for completing landmine clearance. These 15 States Parties were the first group to do so since the adoption of the Convention in 1997. Delegates agreed unanimously to grant Ecuador’s request, extending the original 2009 deadline a full eight years to 1 September 2017. In its request, Ecuador reported fulfilling its Article 52 obligations in 53 of 128 suspect areas—totaling 118,707 square meters (29 acres) of cleared area. Approximately 498,633 square meters (123 acres) in the …
Nicaragua, Country Profile
Nicaragua, Country Profile
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Nicaragua is located in Central America, midway between Mexico and Colombia, bordered by Honduras to the north, Costa Rica to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. It was granted independence from Spain in 1821 and ultimately became an independent republic seven years later. In 1979, a civil war broke out that lasted 11 years, littering the country with landmines and unexploded ordnance that remain to this day. When Hurricane Mitch struck Nicaragua in October 1998, it exacerbated the landmine problem by moving remnants from the internal conflict, making clearance extremely challenging. …
Peru, Country Profile
Peru, Country Profile
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Situated between Chile and Ecuador, next to the South Pacific Ocean, Peru faced a decade of military rule in the 1970s and internal conflict in the 1980s when democracy was reestablished. These periods of conflict, as well as a border dispute with Ecuador in the 1990s, have resulted in landmine problems. The Ottawa Convention went into force for Peru in 1999, meaning its deadline for total mine clearance should be reached in 2009. Peru requested, and was granted, a deadline extension through 2017, citing a lack of funding.
Venezuela, Country Profile
Venezuela, Country Profile
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Since October 1999, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela has been a State Party to the Anti-personnel Mine Ban Convention, which it signed 3 December 1997, and ratified 14 April 1999. Upon ratification of the convention, the document became a national law of Venezuela. At the U.N. Conference on Disarmament in 2004, Venezuela announced that it had fulfilled its duties to the Convention in 2003, destroying 47,189 AP mines and keeping 5,000 landmines for military training. The country also announced that it had enacted the Disarmament Act in 2003, which sought to eliminate the illegal possession of small arms/light weapons from …
Mapping Development Organizations: Success Depends On Mine Action, Charles Downs
Mapping Development Organizations: Success Depends On Mine Action, Charles Downs
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Development initiatives around the world stand to gain from stronger collaboration with the mine-action community; however, this relationship is all too often underappreciated in areas where conflict has mandated resuscitating infrastructure, revitalizing the economy and resettling displaced persons. The Survey Action Center’s ongoing project on development organizations’ use (and occasionally misuse) of mine-action information intends to help mend the partnership between mine-action and non-mine-action actors.
‘Mine-Free’ Countries Of Central/South America: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador And Suriname, Country Profile
‘Mine-Free’ Countries Of Central/South America: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador And Suriname, Country Profile
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Landmines and unexploded ordnance have had an enormous effect on countries in the Western Hemisphere, specifically in Central and South America. Various wars and internal conflicts in these regions have promulgated the use of indiscriminate weapons. Many of these countries, which have since resolved the conflicts, are still in the process of clearing and eradicating landmines and other explosive remnants of war in their territories and, thus, are minimizing the threat they pose to citizens.
Prostheses For Pachyderm Landmine Survivors, Cisr Journal
Prostheses For Pachyderm Landmine Survivors, Cisr Journal
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Many times the only landmine survivors considered candidates for prostheses are humans; however, there are also pachyderm victims in need of assistance. Along the Thai-Burmese border, a heavily mined area, elephants that are used for logging, as well as wild elephants, often fall victim to landmines. Lacking other options and unable to care for the animals in this condition, their caretakers frequently opt to end the animals’ lives.
Uzbekistan Ammunition Depot Explosion Cleanup: U.S. Dod Support, Cisr Journal
Uzbekistan Ammunition Depot Explosion Cleanup: U.S. Dod Support, Cisr Journal
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
A recent ammunition explosion in Kagan, Uzbekistan, prompted an appeal for international aid. As a result, Lieutenant Colonel Gary Bolos led a team of Explosive Ordnance Disposal Non-Commissioned Officers from the United States Department of Defense into Uzbekistan to deliver equipment and train the Uzbek Army on proper detection and removal of the ammunition with a limited budget and restricted schedule.
Geneva Diary: Report From The Gichd, Ian Mansfield
Geneva Diary: Report From The Gichd, Ian Mansfield
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining has been busy over the last several months. The GICHD recently organized an African Francophone Conference on demining in Benin and provided technical input for the recent Convention on Cluster Munitions. In addition, GICHD published technical guides related to road clearance, safe ammunition storage and cluster munitions.
Proper Usage Of Torch Systems For In-Situ Landmine Neutralization By Burning For Humanitarian Demining, Divyakant Patel
Proper Usage Of Torch Systems For In-Situ Landmine Neutralization By Burning For Humanitarian Demining, Divyakant Patel
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Researchers at the U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command who work with the Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center as part of the Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate, are advancing demining beyond traditional approaches with the use of torch systems for mine neutralization. This article describes trial results for three such torches.
Endnotes Issue 13.1, Cisr Journal
Endnotes Issue 13.1, Cisr Journal
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Endnotes Issue 13.1
Comprehensive Medical Assistance For Landmine Survivors In Nicaragua, Cecilia Bustamante
Comprehensive Medical Assistance For Landmine Survivors In Nicaragua, Cecilia Bustamante
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The victim-assistance component of the Acción Integral contra las Minas Antipersonal program was established in Nicaragua in 1997, and similar programs were set up across Central America. In Nicaragua, the AICMA victim-assistance element aims to help landmine victims obtain physical and psychological care, and provides them access to medical specialists they could not otherwise see. With many victims unable to pay for their medical treatment, the AICMA is coordinating funding and removing the financial burden of travel and lodging for treatment.
Argentina, Country Profile
Argentina, Country Profile
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
At the heart of the Argentine landmine/ unexploded ordnance issue is a territorial dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom. Argentina acknowledges that contamination exists in the U.K.-occupied Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), 480 kilometers (300 miles) off the South American country’s coast. However, the government challenges British claims to the islands, and has asserted its sovereign rights over not only the Falklands, but also South Georgia, the South Sandwich Islands and surrounding areas. The Falkland-Malvinas Islands were mined by both Argentine and British forces during the 1982 conflict between the two nations. Because both nations claim sovereignty over the contaminated …
Predicting Soil Influence On The Performance Of Metal Detectors: Magnetic Properties Of Tropical Soils, Jan Igel, Holger Preetz, Sven Altfelder
Predicting Soil Influence On The Performance Of Metal Detectors: Magnetic Properties Of Tropical Soils, Jan Igel, Holger Preetz, Sven Altfelder
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Mine detection and clearance are costly and time-consuming procedures necessary to benefit the communities these weapons affect. A complication surrounding mine detection is the influence of the soil on landmine detection, but little research has been done on the subject. This article discusses how soil can affect mine detectors and research plans to improve mine-detection efficiency.
The Role Of Education On Awareness Of Ammunition-Dismantling Risks, Brunilda Zenelaga
The Role Of Education On Awareness Of Ammunition-Dismantling Risks, Brunilda Zenelaga
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
The blasts from an ammunition dismantling factory in Gërdec, Albania, an accident caused by untrained employees at the facility, resulted in deaths and injuries and damaged homes for factory workers and nearby villagers in March 2008. This article suggests that training employers and workers to follow necessary safety procedures, as well as raising village awareness of the dangers of these ammunitions facilities, will help prevent such tragedies from occurring in the future.
Vinh And Trinh’S Adventure, Book Review
Vinh And Trinh’S Adventure, Book Review
The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction
Vinh and Trinh’s Adventure