Digital Commons Network^™

Access To Rehabilitation Services: A 'Fair Go' For Individuals Living With A Dementia, Victoria Traynor, Loren De Vries

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Similar to other Western countries, approximately nine per cent of Australians aged over 65 are living with a dementia and for those aged over 85 the prevalence rate rises to up to 30 per cent. As the ageing population increases, the prevalence of dementia will increase (Guideline Adaptation Committee, 2016). It is doubtless an important healthcare issue. In the past 10 years, since the Australian Government published its first National Framework for Action on Dementia and the nomination of dementia as a National Health Priority, dementia care has achieved never imagined improvements. Dementiaspecific research and educational initiatives by the Dementia …

A New Species Of Celebochoerus (Suidae, Mammalia) From The Philippines And The Paleobiogeography Of The Genus Celebochoerus Hooijer, 1948, Thomas Ingicco, Gerrit D. Van Den Bergh, John De Vos, Abigael Castro, Noel Amano, Angel Bautista

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Celebochoerus is a unique suid having extremely large upper tusks, and which was to date only known from the Pliocene-Pleistocene of Sulawesi Island in Indonesia. Here, we report on the discovery of a canine fragment referable to Celebochoerus from the Cagayan Valley of Luzon, Northern Philippines. We name a new species, Celebochoerus cagayanensis nov. sp., which differs from the Sulawesi species Celebochoerus heekereni in having mesial and distal enamel bands on the upper canines. We see these characteristics as symplesiomorphic in suids and propose a migration route from the Philippines to Sulawesi, possibly out of Taiwan, which would have occurred …

Making Sense Of Critical Participatory Action Research. Reflections On The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research, Maria T. Mackay

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

After immersing myself in The Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research, I believe I have a better understanding of participatory action research and its relationship to the work of Habermas. I feel it has enabled me to align my values and beliefs with Habermas and action research's philosophical underpinnings within the critical theory paradigm. For me this book has clarified how communicative spaces, the theory of communicative action and public spheres are related to participatory methodologies.

Energetics Of Communal Roosting In Chestnut-Crowned Babblers: Implications For Group Dynamics And Breeding Phenology, Mark A. Chappell, William A. Buttemer, Andrew Russell

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

For many endotherms, communal roosting saves energy in cold conditions, but how this might affect social dynamics or breeding phenology is not well understood. Using chestnut-crowned babblers (Pomatostomus ruficeps), we studied the effects of nest use and group size on roosting energy costs. These 50 g cooperatively breeding passerine birds of outback Australia breed from late winter to early summer and roost in huddles of up to 20 in single-chambered nests. We measured babbler metabolism at three ecologically relevant temperatures: 5°C (similar to minimum nighttime temperatures during early breeding), 15°C (similar to nighttime temperatures during late breeding) and 28°C (thermal …

A Rapid Burst In Hotspot Motion Through The Interaction Of Tectonics And Deep Mantle Flow, Rakib Hassan, R Dietmar Muller, Michael Gurnis, Simon E. Williams, Nicolas Flament

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Volcanic hotspot tracks featuring linear progressions in the age of volcanism are typical surface expressions of plate tectonic movement on top of narrow plumes of hot material within Earth's mantle1. Seismic imaging reveals that these plumes can be of deep origin2-probably rooted on thermochemical structures in the lower mantle3, 4, 5, 6. Although palaeomagnetic and radiometric age data suggest that mantle flow can advect plume conduits laterally7, 8, the flow dynamics underlying the formation of the sharp bend occurring only in the Hawaiian-Emperor hotspot track in the Pacific Ocean remains enigmatic. Here we present palaeogeographically constrained numerical models of thermochemical …

An Investigation Of Future Fuel Load And Fire Weather In Australia, Hamish Clarke, Andy Pitman, Jatin Kala, Claire C. Carouge, Vanessa E. Haverd, Jason P. Evans

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We present an assessment of the impact of future climate change on two key drivers of fire risk in Australia, fire weather and fuel load. Fire weather conditions are represented by the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI), calculated from a 12-member regional climate model ensemble. Fuel load is predicted from net primary production, simulated using a land surface model forced by the same regional climate model ensemble. Mean annual fine litter is projected to increase across all ensemble members, by 1.2 to 1.7 t ha-1 in temperate areas, 0.3 to 0.5 t ha-1 in grassland areas and 0.7 to …

Unravelling The Glass Trade Bead Sequence From Magoro Hill, South Africa: Separating Pre-Seventeenth-Century Asian Imports From Later European Counterparts, Farahnaz Koleini, Linda C. Prinsloo, Wim M. Biemond, Philippe Colomban, Anh T. Ngo, Jan C. Boeyens, Maria M. Van Der Ryst, Koos Van Brakel

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Excavations conducted between 2010 and 2012 at Magoro Hill, a site in South Africa's Limpopo Province frequented or intermittently occupied by African farming communities since the first millennium AD, yielded a substantial glass bead assemblage. A selection of the beads was studied non-destructively by classifying them according to morphological attributes, supplemented by Raman analyses and XRF measurements. It became evident that a morphological classification of beads recovered from sites that include imports into Africa after the seventeenth century AD could be problematic due to apparent morphological similarities between earlier and later beads. This paper demonstrates the use and archaeological application …

Exaggerations And Caveats In Press Releases And Health-Related Science News, Petroc Sumner, Solveiga Vivian Griffiths, Jacky Boivin, Andrew Williams, Lewis Bott, Rachel Adams, Christos Venetis, Leanne Whelan, Bethan Hughes, Christopher D. Chambers

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Exaggerated or simplistic news is often blamed for adversely influencing public health. However, recent findings suggested many exaggerations were already present in university press releases, which scientists approve. Surprisingly, these exaggerations were not associated with more news coverage. Here we test whether these two controversial results also arise in press releases from prominent science and medical journals. We then investigate the influence of mitigating caveats in press releases, to test assumptions that caveats harm news interest or are ignored.

Methods and Findings Using: quantitative content analysis, we analyzed press releases (N = 534) on biomedical and health-related science issued …

Posaconazole Therapeutic Drug Monitoring In A Regional Hospital Setting, Patrick J. Lindsay, Stuart Bond, Ross Norris, Deborah Marriott, Spiros Miyakis

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

BACKGROUND: Posaconazole therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended to promote effective antifungal prophylaxis, but its utility has yet to be optimized. Breakthrough invasive fungal infections have been reported with serum concentrations/L, but there is little evidence to determine the optimal serum concentration for efficacy or concentrations associated with toxicity. Challenges for effective monitoring are greater in settings without posaconazole TDM facilities because of the long turnaround time before receipt of results.

METHODS: Thirty-eight TDM episodes were performed on 18 patients in a regional center in Australia during a 30-month period. Australian guidelines recommend a trough serum concentration of ≥700 mcg/L. …

Is Delirium Being Detected In Emergency?, Victoria Traynor, Nicholas Cordato, Pippa Burns, Yun Xu, Nicole Britten, Kim Duncan, Loren Devries, Colleen Mckinnon

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective To report on the use of Delirium Care Pathways to screen for and recognise delirium by Aged Care Services in Emergency Teams (ASETs) at five metropolitan hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Knowledge of delirium and the use of Delirium Care Pathways are vital to ensure that older people presenting with delirium receive best practice care. Methods An audit of 205 randomly selected medical records of clients over 65 years presenting to an ASET was conducted. Results Delirium was recorded in the medical records notes of four clients (2%). However, the auditors identified another 27 clients with symptoms of …

Ability Of The 4-D-Var Analysis Of The Gosat Besd Xco2 Retrievals To Characterize Atmospheric Co2 At Large And Synoptic Scales, Sébastien Massart, Anna Agustí-Panareda, Jens Heymann, Michael Buchwitz, Frédéric Chevallier, Maximilian Reuter, Michael Hilker, J P. Burrows, Nicholas M. Deutscher, D Feist, Frank Hase, Ralf Sussmann, Filip Desmet, Manvendra K. Dubey, David W. T Griffith, Rigel Kivi, Christof Petri, Matthias Schneider, Voltaire A. Velazco

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This study presents results from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) carbon dioxide (CO2) analysis system where the atmospheric CO2 is controlled through the assimilation of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) from the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). The analysis is compared to a free-run simulation (without assimilation of XCO2), and they are both evaluated against XCO2 data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We show that the assimilation of the GOSAT XCO2 product from the Bremen Optimal Estimation Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (BESD) algorithm during the year 2013 provides XCO2 fields with an …

Clusterin In The Eye: An Old Dog With New Tricks At The Ocular Surface, M Elizabeth Fini, Aditi Bauskar, Shinwu Jeong, Mark R. Wilson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The multifunctional protein clusterin (CLU) was first described in 1983 as a secreted glycoprotein present in ram rete testis fluid that enhanced aggregation ('clustering') of a variety of cells in vitro. It was also independently discovered in a number of other systems. By the early 1990s, CLU was known under many names and its expression had been demonstrated throughout the body, including in the eye. Its homeostatic activities in proteostasis, cytoprotection, and anti-inflammation have been well documented, however its roles in health and disease are still not well understood. CLU is prominent at fluid-tissue interfaces, and in 1996 it was …

Elucidating The Chemical Structure Of Native 1-Deoxysphingosine, Regula Steiner, Essa M. Saied, Alaa Othman, Christoph Arenz, Alan T. Maccarone, Berwyck L. J Poad, Stephen J. Blanksby, Arnold Von Eckardstein, Thorsten Hornemann

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The 1-deoxysphingolipids (1-deoxySLs) are formed by an alternate substrate usage of the enzyme, serine-palmitoyltransferase, and are devoid of the C1-OH-group present in canonical sphingolipids. Pathologically elevated 1-deoxySL levels are associated with the rare inherited neuropathy, HSAN1, and diabetes type 2 and might contribute to β cell failure and the diabetic sensory neuropathy. In analogy to canonical sphingolipids, it was assumed that 1-deoxySLs also bear a (4E) double bond, which is normally introduced by sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase 1. This, however, was never confirmed. We therefore supplemented HEK293 cells with isotope-labeled D3-1-deoxysphinganine and compared the downstream formed D3-1-deoxysphingosine (1-deoxySO) to a commercial synthetic …

How Humans Adapt To Exercising And Working In The Tropics, Nigel A.S. Taylor

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Human migration to Australia occurred over 62,000 years ago. Those first Australians established one of the oldest continuous populations on the driest of the inhabited continents, surviving the world's longest drought (>10,000 y). Indeed, the traditional owners established a cultural identity and sustainable lifestyle thousands of years before any of the more recognised ancient civilisations. However, our temperature and rainfall variations belie the national stereotype, with temperatures from -23oC (Charlotte Pass, New South Wales) to 50.7oC (Oodnadatta, South Australia), and annual rainfalls from 125 mm (Lake Eyre, South Australia) through to 12,461 mm in the tropical north-east (Bellenden Ker, …

How To Tackle The Rising Tide Of Poaching In Australia's Tropical Seas, Steven W. Purcell, Hampus B. Eriksson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

High-value marine species in waters off northern Australia are at increasing risk of poaching by foreign fishing crews, according to figures from the Australian Fisheries Management Authority. The number of foreign fishing boats caught in Australian waters increased from six in 2014-15 to 20 in 2015-16. These fishers have evidently come to poach species that fetch high prices and have been overfished elsewhere in the Asia-Pacific region. They seek "lootable resources" - species that are attractive to the black market because they are expensive, easy to catch and weakly regulated.

Adaptation And Acclimation Of Traits Associated With Swimming Capacity In Lake Whitefish (Coregonus Clupeaformis) Ecotypes, Martin Laporte, Anne C. Dalziel, Nicolas Martin, Louis Bernatchez

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background: Improved performance in a given ecological niche can occur through local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, or a combination of these mechanisms. Evaluating the relative importance of these two mechanisms is needed to better understand the cause of intra specific polymorphism. In this study, we reared populations of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) representing the 'normal' (benthic form) and the 'dwarf' (derived limnetic form) ecotypes in two different conditions (control and swim-training) to test the relative importance of adaptation and acclimation in the differentiation of traits related to swimming capacity. The dwarf whitefish is a more active swimmer than the normal ecotype, …

Food Security, Food Systems And Food Sovereignty In The 21st Century: A New Paradigm Required To Meet Sustainable Development Goals, Karen E. Charlton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

This first issue of the Nutrition & Dietetics for 2016 focuses on food security. As an introduction to the broad spectrum of papers contained therein, this review will consider current definitions of food insecurity and then go on to discuss how to address the determinants of food insecurity (Table 1)4 within a new paradigm defined by the SDGs, as follows: • People (end poverty and hunger); • Planet (ensure sustainability of resources and arrest climate change); • Prosperity (encourage equity and promote technological advancement); and • Peace Partnership (strengthen global solidarity). The review will also consider training and educational needs …

Understanding The Importance Of Collecting Qualitative Data Creatively, Elizabeth J. Halcomb

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

IN ITS broadest sense, qualitative research encompasses any study that does not use statistical methods or quantify results (Strauss and Corbin 1990). Qualitative researchers undertake their work in the natural setting, attempting to understand or interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them.

Indicator-Based Assessment Of Climate-Change Impacts On Coasts: A Review Of Concepts, Methodological Approaches And Vulnerability Indices, Thang T. X Nguyen, Jarbas Bonetti, Kerrylee Rogers, Colin D. Woodroffe

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Increasing human pressures on coastlines and associated threats posed by sea-level rise have stimulated development of a range of different concepts and methodological approaches to assess coastal vulnerability. The first section of this paper summarizes the concepts associated with vulnerability, natural hazards and climate change. The most widely adopted analytical approaches to vulnerability assessment are described, including spatial scales, the need for hybrid approaches comprising both biophysical and social dimensions of vulnerability, and the gradual incorporation of resilience aspects into such methodologies. In particular, the development and application of vulnerability indices is examined, based on a review of more than …

Australians Are Not Meeting The Recommended Intakes For Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Results Of An Analysis From The 2011-2012 National Nutrition And Physical Activity Survey, Barbara J. Meyer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Health benefits have been attributed to omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA). Therefore it is important to know if Australians are currently meeting the recommended intake for n-3 LCPUFA and if they have increased since the last National Nutrition Survey in 1995 (NNS 1995). Dietary intake data was obtained from the recent 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2011-2012 NNPAS). Linoleic acid (LA) intakes have decreased whilst alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) and n-3 LCPUFA intakes have increased primarily due to n-3 LCPUFA supplements. The median n-3 LCPUFA intakes are less than 50% of the mean n-3 LCPUFA intakes …

Maternal Plasma Dha Levels Increase Prior To 29 Days Post-Lh Surge In Women Undergoing Frozen Embryo Transfer: A Prospective, Observational Study Of Human Pregnancy, Barbara J. Meyer, Christopher C. Onyiaodike, Elizabeth A. Brown, Fiona Jordan, Heather Murray, Robert Jb Nibbs, Naveed Sattar, Helen Lyall, Scott M. Nelson, Dilys J. Freeman

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Context: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an important fatty acid required for neurological development but its importance during early fetal neurological organogenesis is unknown. Objective: To assess plasma fatty acid changes in early pregnancy in women undergoing natural cycle-frozen embryo transfer as a means of achieving accurately-timed periconceptual sampling. Design: Women undergoing frozen embryo transfer were recruited and serial fasting blood samples were taken pre-luteinising hormone (LH) surge, and at days 18, 29 and 45 post-LH surge and fatty acids were analysed using gas chromatography. Setting: Assisted Conception Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Scotland Main outcome measures: Plasma fatty acid concentrations, influence …

Editorial: Roles Of Ion Channels In Immune Cells, Leanne Stokes, Amanda B. Mackenzie, Ronald Sluyter

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The Editorial on the Research Topic - Roles of Ion Channels in Immune Cells

Clinical Leadership Development In A Pre-Registration Nursing Curriculum: What The Profession Has To Say About It, Angela M. Brown, Patrick A. Crookes, Jan Dewing

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background In the last decade literature, inquiries and reports into the short comings in health services have highlighted the vital role of leadership in clinical practice and the impact on patient care and effective workplace culture. Whilst there is an abundance of literature on leadership and the registered nursing workforce, an international literature review revealed there is very little known on leadership development in pre-registration nursing programmes. Objective To identify what the profession's views are on proposed indicative curriculum content suggested for clinical leadership development in a pre-registration nursing degree in Australia. Design This is a multi-method research study. This …

Towards Understanding The Variability In Biospheric Co2 Fluxes: Using Ftir Spectrometry And A Chemical Transport Model To Investigate The Sources And Sinks Of Carbonyl Sulfide And Its Link To Co2, Yuting Wang, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Mathias Palm, Thorsten Warneke, Justus Notholt, Ian Baker, Joseph A. Berry, Parvadha Suntharalingam, Nicholas B. Jones, Emmanuel Mahieu, Bernard Lejeune, James W. Hannigan, Stephanie Conway, Joseph Mendonca, Kimberly Strong, J Elliott Campbell, Adam Wolf, Stefanie Kremser

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Understanding carbon dioxide (CO2) biospheric processes is of great importance because the terrestrial exchange drives the seasonal and interannual variability of CO2 in the atmosphere. Atmospheric inversions based on CO2 concentration measurements alone can only determine net biosphere fluxes, but not differentiate between photosynthesis (uptake) and respiration (production). Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) could provide an important additional constraint: it is also taken up by plants during photosynthesis but not emitted during respiration, and therefore is a potential means to differentiate between these processes. Solar absorption Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometry allows for the retrievals of the atmospheric concentrations of both CO2 …

Unexpectedly High Ultrafine Aerosol Concentrations Above East Antarctic Sea Ice, Ruhi S. Humphries, A R. Klekociuk, Robyn Schofield, Melita Keywood, J Ward, Stephen R. Wilson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Better characterisation of aerosol processes in pristine, natural environments, such as Antarctica, have recently been shown to lead to the largest reduction in uncertainties in our understanding of radiative forcing. Our understanding of aerosols in the Antarctic region is currently based on measurements that are often limited to boundary layer air masses at spatially sparse coastal and continental research stations, with only a handful of studies in the vast sea-ice region. In this paper, the first observational study of sub-micron aerosols in the East Antarctic sea ice region is presented. Measurements were conducted aboard the icebreaker Aurora Australis in spring …

Effects Of Physical Exercise On Health And Well-Being Of Individuals Living With A Dementia In Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review, Lindsey Brett, Victoria Traynor, Paul J. Stapley

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background Physical exercise interventions have benefits for older individuals and improve the health and well-being of individuals living with a dementia, specifically those living in nursing homes. Purpose Report evidence from randomized controlled trials and cluster randomized control trials that evaluated the effects of physical exercise interventions on individuals living with a dementia in nursing homes. Data sources Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Academic Search Complete, Proquest Central, British Medical Journal Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, Informit, Informa, and Nursing Consult were searched for relevant clinical trials and snowballing of recommended studies. Study selection One reviewer screened articles on …

Methodology For Developing Competency Standards For Dietitians In Australia, Claire Palermo, Jane Conway, Eleanor Beck, Janeane Dart, Sandra Capra, Susan Ash

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Competency standards document the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for competent performance. This study develops competency standards for dietitians in order to substantiate an approach to competency standard development. Focus groups explored the current and emerging purpose, role, and function of the profession, which were used to draft competency standards. Consensus was then sought using two rounds of a Delphi survey. Seven focus groups were conducted with 28 participants (15 employers/practitioners, 5 academics, 8 new graduates). Eighty-two of 110 invited experts participated in round one and 67 experts completed round two. Four major functions of dietitians were identified: being a …

Retrieval Of Xco2 From Ground-Based Mid-Infrared (Ndacc) Solar Absorption Spectra And Comparison To Tccon, Matthias Buschmann, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Vanessa Sherlock, Mathias Palm, Thorsten Warneke, Justus Notholt

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

High-resolution solar absorption spectra, taken within the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change Infrared Working Group (NDACC-IRWG) in the mid-infrared spectral region, are used to infer partial or total column abundances of many gases. In this paper we present the retrieval of a column-averaged mole fraction of carbon dioxide from NDACC-IRWG spectra taken with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at the site in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen. The retrieved time series is compared to colocated standard TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network) measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (denoted by xCO2). Comparing the NDACC and TCCON retrievals, …

Outcomes Related To Nutrition Screening In Community Living Older Adults: A Systematic Literature Review, Aliza Haslinda Hamirudin, Karen E. Charlton, Karen L. Walton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Introduction Nutrition screening is an initial procedure in which the risk of malnutrition is identified. The aims of this review were to identify malnutrition risk from nutrition screening studies that have used validated nutrition screening tools in community living older adults; and to identify types of nutrition interventions, pathways of care and patient outcomes following screening. Methods A systematic literature search was performed for the period from January 1994 until December 2013 using SCOPUS, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PubMed and COCHRANE databases as well as a manual search. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined for the literature searches and …

Extensive Glaciation In Transbaikalia, Siberia, At The Last Glacial Maximum, Martin Margold, John D. Jansen, Artem L. Gurinov, Alexandru T. Codilean, David Fink, Frank Preusser, Natalya V. Reznichenko, Charles C. Mifsud

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Successively smaller glacial extents have been proposed for continental Eurasia during the stadials of the last glacial period leading up to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). At the same time the large mountainous region east of Lake Baikal, Transbaikalia, has remained unexplored in terms of glacial chronology despite clear geomorphological evidence of substantial past glaciations. We have applied cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating and optically stimulated luminescence to establish the first quantitative glacial chronology for this region. Based on eighteen exposure ages from five moraine complexes, we propose that large mountain ice fields existed in the Kodar and Udokan mountains during …