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Effects Of Encoding Variety And Concurrent-Task Practice On The Transfer And Retention Of Complex Skill, Peter S. Winne

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The present study investigated the effects of dual-task practice and the variety of problems solved during practice on (a) the acquisition of procedural and declarative skills and the development of concurrent-task skills, and (b) the utilization and maintenance of two types of strategies. Strategies were defined as the use of different mixes of skills pertaining to procedures and specific declarative solutions. Two tasks--mental arithmetic and trigrams--were used to examine problem-solving skills and strategies both immediately following practice and again under delayed conditions. Eighty subjects were randomly assigned to one of four practice conditions by factorially combining practice mode (single- or …

The Effect Of Television Viewing On College Students : An Eeg Analysis Of Cerebral Asymmetry, William B. Sheffel

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The controversy over the effects of television viewing on human behavior has drawn a great deal of attention over the last decade. This study sought to investigate this area by looking at cortical response to television viewing.

The subjects in the study consisted of 24 men and 24 women (m=l9 .6 years) who were monitored for bilateral EEG alpha (8-13 Hz) brain wave production while viewing a television commercial (verbal and nonverbal/ spatial) and were then tested for recall at the end of the session.

The analysis of variance for a split-plot factorial design (S.P.F. 222.43; Kirk, 1968) revealed that …

Effects Of Integrating Functions Of Left And Right Hemispheres On Recall Memory, Jaclyn Jean Trost

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Normative Data On The Auditory Memory Test Battery, Mary Clare Mountain

Dissertations and Theses

This study examined the means and standard deviations for the Auditory Memory Test Battery (Burford, 1976) using a sample of normal second, third, and fourth grade children. The study also compared span and sequence scores, low and high SES scores, and an individual's test scores with teacher judgment of intelligence group. A brief examination of the AMTB as used with LD children was also performed but not included in the statistical analysis.

Memory For Crossed And Nested Classifications, John Ernest Garwood

Dissertations and Theses

Memory for crossed and nested classifications was investigated. Two experimental groups were exposed to stimuli which could be organized by both a crossed and nested classification. The stimuli consisted of nine drawings in a 3 x 3 matrix. Each drawing is characterized by attributes on five dimensions. The nested classification requires four dimensions to organize the nine drawings, while the crossed classification requires two dimensions. Of the five dimensions, three are unique to the nested classification, one is unique to the crossed classification, and one is common to both classifications. Subjects were presented the stimuli so that either the crossed …

Developmental Changes In Context Effects And Picture Recognition Memory, Nancy Hancock

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Study Of The Differential Effects Of Visual And Auditory Presentation On Logical Reasoning, Jacob Lauterstein Driesen

Dissertations and Theses

A fundamental task in reasoning is to form some internal representation of the premises that allows the relations between them to be determined. Whether this process is visual or auditory is the subject of a long-standing controversy.

This controversy seems to have reached a stalemate. Another approach is to determine where in the brain reasoning is done. A way of doing this involves looking at differences in the processing and storage of visual and auditory information within the brain. Brooks used this approach in his experiments. His results suggested that a subject who receives spatial information by of the ear …

Memory For Persons, Encounters And Sex, William Sturgill

Student Work

Recognition of previously seen persons and recall of the circumstances of their encounter were tested in a situation' where subjects were unaware of the subsequent recognition task. Subjects encountered four: persons, one of each sex. in. two separate encounters. Prior to a lineup one week later, only 51 subjects (N = 145) failed to' recall either the number and/or the sex of the persons encountered, while only 28. correctly recalled both the number and sex and that it was two different persons in each encounter. Results from the lineup confirmed, previous suggestions that subjects (N = 155) are better able …

Verbal Memory Of Preschool Indian And Non/Indian Headstart Children, Karen L. Swenson Carter

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses l) there is a significant difference between scores of Head Start children on the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation in Utah and the norms of the Verbal Memory Test from the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities; 2) there will not be an association between being Indian or non-Indian; 3 ) there will be an association between teaching styles and the children's performance on the language test. The T test was used to analyze all of the data. The experimental sample scored lower, but not significantly lower than the standardized norms. …

Recognition And Attractiveness As A Function Of Sex And Race, Evelyn Elizabeth Hamilton Schroder

Student Work

The present experiment replicated and refined.tests of. recognition memory for the human face. Three subject groups were used: White American females, White American males and Black African Malawian males. In part one, eighty monochromatic slides of Black and White American college seniors of both sexes were shown as (original) stimuli and then shown again with eighty new slides in a paired comparison task.

An analysis of variance performed on the recognition scores revealed the following results: (a) A main effect for groups of slides with American females generating significantly fewer errors than the African males; (b) A main effect for …

Closed-Loop Theory And The Partial Recall Hypothesis : Explanations Of The Sources Of Information About Knowledge In Memory, Thomas Beverly Watkins

Master's Theses

Examples of information about knowledge in memory are described, and two conceptualizations of the source of such information--the partial recall hypothesis and the closed-loop theory--are reviewed. Wearing (1970) conducted a study to support the closed-loop theory using 60 CVC pairs in a paired-associate task with recall measure and confidence ratings. An attempt is made to replicate and extend some of his findings. Some are replicated, except for one finding with which he supported closed-loop theory. With support for closed-loop theory thus reduced, the partial recall hypothesis seems more plausible.

Anticholinesterase Action And Electroconvulsive Shock-Induced Disruption Of Taste-Illness Association, Terry J. Debriere

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) interpolated temporally between the pairing of a novel taste and an induced gustatory illness prevents the taste from being associated with the illness (Kral, 1971). Physostigmine has been shown to protect against retrograde amnesic effects of ECS on learning of a passive avoidance task (Davis, Thomas, and Adams, 1971). Physostigmine protection of ECS induced disruption of a conditioned taste aversion was investigated using a 2 (physostigmine vs. saline) x 2 (ECS vs. sham shock) x 2 (conditioned vs. nonconditioned) x 2 (conditioning day vs. test day) factorial design with repeated measures over the last factor. Results indicated …

Effectiveness Of Experimenter-Supplied And Subject-Originated First Letter And Descriptive Sentence Mnemonics In Learning Word Pairs, Michael B. Pines

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Auditory And Visual Sensory Stores: A Recognition Task, James Barr Richardson

Dissertations and Theses

A probe-stimulus recognition technique was used to test hypothesized differences in visual and auditory sensory memory storage. Lists of alphabetical letters were presented visually or auditorially, each followed by a visual or auditory probe. Performance on the auditory lists was predicted to be better than on the visual lists. Moreover, auditory lists followed by a visual probe (AV) were expected to show a decrement in performance in comparison to auditory list-auditory probe tasks (AA). Visual lists followed by an auditory probe (VA) were likewise expected to result in a decrement in performance in comparison to visual list-visual probe tasks (VV). …

Short-Term Memory For Auditory Digit Sequences As A Function Of Systematic Manipulation Of Encoding Technique, Digit Duration, And Interdigit Interval, John G. Miscik

Student Work

The experiment tested whether short term retention for auditory digit sequences could be improved by efficient encoding techniques (ET) and increases in either digit duration (DD) or interdigit interval (IDI). All three hypotheses received strong support from the data. In addition, analysis of interactions between length of retention interval (RI) and DD, IDI, and ET led to the conclusions that longer DD and IDI permit increased resistance to forgetting during RI, while efficient ET improves retention regardless of RI.

State-Dependent Learning As A Function Of The Temporal Relationship Between Noncontingent Footshock And Electroconvulsive Shock, T. Scott Shutt

All Master's Theses

Rats were given a noncontingent footshock followed at various intervals by electroconvulsive shock. Twentyfour hours later they were trained on a non-shock passive avoidance task and tested for retention 72 hours later. When the interval between NCFS and ECS was short the animals showed an amnesia which reduced as the interval was lengthened. An interval of .5 seconds produced the most pronounced amnesia and intervals greater than 10 seconds produced virtually no amnesia. The results were consistent with a state dependent retrieval failure hypothesis.

The Role Of Interference And Trace Decay In The Retention Of A Simple Psychomotor Task, Stephen David Southall

Master's Theses

The purpose of the present study was to try to distinguish between the interference theory and trace decay theory and to try to establish whether one or a combination of the two best accounts for the forgetting shown in motor short-term memory (STM). The experiment was a seven by three factorial design with repeated measures on the second factor. The first factor was number of prior responses which the S experienced on the linear slide apparatus, and the number of responses ranged from zero through six. The second factor, length of the retention interval between practice and recall, had values …

Semantic Differential Relationships As A Determinant Of Clustering, Burr R. Beckwith

All Master's Theses

In the past, clustering research has focused primarily on the effect of pre-experimental associations and/or conceptual relationships on clustering in free recall. The present study marks a departure from this trend in that it was designed to determine under what conditions SD relationships among task-items would mediate clustering.

Effects Of Category-Relevance, Retention Measure, And Category-Affiliation Upon Retention Of The Aging, Gary M. Tyson

Master's Theses

The present investigation represents an attempt to further explore several parameters of short-term memory as a function of the relevance of appropriateness of the verbal materials utilized. It is the author's contention that due to changing patterns of interests and experiences accompanying chronological aging, certain types of verbal material vary with respect to their relevance for use with aging populations. In regard to parameters of short-term memory, the present study contains provisions for exploring efficiency of retention as a function of the retention measure; and category•affiliated as opposed to randomly-selected words. A more complete and integrated formulation is presented in …

Meaningfulness And Similarity As Determinants Of Verbal Retention, Walter S. Heins

All Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the relationships and interaction between two factors--meaningfulness (m) and similarity (s) as these factors affect the retention and recall of high and low m consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) trigrams.

The Effect Of Electroconvulsive Shock Following One-Trial Avoidance Learning In The Rat, Richard H. Lovely

All Master's Theses

It is hypothesized that (1) If rats are given electroconvulsive shock, following a footshock to condition an avoidance response, they will display initial retrograde amnesia and that this amnesia will diminish over time as manifested by recovery of the avoidance response; (2) This recovery is not a pure function of time but involves re-exposure to the original learning situation.

A Consideration Of The Relationship Between Memory As Measured By The Stanford-Binet And Reading Achievement As Measured By The California Reading Achievement Test At The Fifth Grade Level, Alfred Owen Fonkalsrud

Student Work

In the remote past the reading of written and printed symbols had Its origin when man first began to use pictures and other characters to send messages and to record events. It occurred very slowly and took a lot of effort to change from picture writing to the use of letters In representing specific sounds.

The Egyptians as early as twenty-five centuries before Christ had analysed words and syllables into sounds and had developed a series of symbols to represent them. As a result of the ingenuity of the Semites these sounds and symbols were the beginning of the Phoenician …