Digital Commons Network^™

First Ladies Of The Twentieth And Twenty-First Centuries: An Evolution Of The Role, Courtney M. Page, Shaelyn Mcclanahan, Laurelin Weiss

Courtney M. Page

It is often noted as one of the more powerful positions in the executive branch in American politics and stands as an unofficial and un-elected position acquired by circumstance. The unique position of First Lady has led several authors to examine the role and influence that first ladies possess during their husband’s tenure as President of the United States. This piece examines the First Ladies of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, assigning each first lady to an original typology. The piece then assesses the involvement of each First Lady according to their activity within the White House, in domestic issues, …

Reverse Auctions And Universal Telecommunications Service: Lessons From Global Experience, Scott J. Wallsten

Scott J. Wallsten

The United States now spends around $7 billion on universal service programs—subsidies intended to ensure that the entire country has access to telecommunications services. Most of this money supports telecommunications service in “high cost” (primarily rural) areas, and the High Cost fund is growing quickly. In response to this growth, policymakers are considering using reverse auctions, or bids for the minimum subsidy, as a way to reduce expenditures. While the U.S. has not yet distributed funds for universal service programs using reverse auctions, the method has been used widely. First, reverse auctions are akin to standard government procurement procedures, which …

Disability Rights In Ireland: Chronicle Of A Missed Opportunity, Jurgen De Wispelaere, Judy Walsh

Jurgen De Wispelaere

This article critically examines the Disability Act 2005 which regulates access to public services for disabled people in Ireland. We examine the competing conceptions of disability rights advanced by the government and the disability sector during the debate on the legislation and offer an interpretation of disability rights as the justiciable right to challenge. The Disability Act 2005 is then evaluated in light of the proposed framework. We outline a number of ways in which the absence of a justiciable right to challenge fails to safeguard the dignity, empowerment and participation of disabled people. We contend that, despite protestations to …

Freshwater Conservation: A Review Of Oregon Water Law & Policy, Adell L. Amos

Adell L. Amos

In order to more fully understand and enhance freshwater conservation in the State of Oregon, The Nature Conservancy initiated a project to conduct a legal and policy review of Oregon water law. In Oregon, like all western states, water management is based on a combination of statutes, administrative rules, agency policies, and case law. Accordingly, this report identifies and explains relevant provisions of the Oregon Water Code and discusses how the legislature, state administrative agencies, and the courts have interpreted the law. The report also identifies the impacts and implications of legal and policy choices that have been made with …

The Effect Of Foreign Science Policy On U.S. Research, Diana M. Hicks

Diana Hicks

Judgments Of The United States Supreme Court And The South African Constitutional Court As A Basis For A Universal Method To Resolve Conflicts Between Fundamental Rights, Daniel H. Erskine

Daniel H. Erskine

This article describes the methods utilized by the United States Supreme Court to resolve specific cases involving conflicts between federal constitutional rights, a federal constitutional right and a state constitutional or statutory right, and an international treaty right and a federal constitutional right. Consideration of particular decisions representative of the manner the Court resolves conflicts between rights in the three typologies described above, illustrates how the Court views such conflicts and the rationales employed to resolve apparent conflicting rights. The rationales used by the United States Supreme Court are compared to the South African Constitutional Court’s decisions in the Soobramoney, …

Accountability, Cost-Effectiveness, And Program Performance: Progress Since 1998, Dennis P. Culhane, Kennen S. Gross, Wayne D. Parker, Barbara Poppe, Ezra Sykes

Dennis P. Culhane

The authors summarize the progress made in the past decade toward making homeless assistance programs more accountable to funders, consumers, and the public. They observe that research on the costs of homelessness and cost offsets associated with intervention programs has been limited to people who are homeless with severe mental illness. But this research has raised awareness of the value of this approach, such that dozens of new studies in this area are underway, mostly focused on "chronic homelessness." Less progress has been made in using cost and performance data to systematically assess interventions for families, youth, and transitionally homeless …

سردم شد, Sajjad Khaksari

SAJJAD KHAKSARI

Testing A Typology Of Family Homelessness Based On Patterns Of Public Shelter Utilization In Four U.S. Jurisdictions: Implications For Policy And Program Planning, Dennis P. Culhane, Stephen Metraux, Jung Min Park, Maryanne Schretzman, Jesse Valente

Dennis P. Culhane

This study tests a typology of family homelessness based on patterns of public shelter utilization and examines whether family characteristics are associated with those patterns. The results indicate that a substantial majority of homeless families stay in public shelters for relatively brief periods, exit, and do not return. Approximately 20 percent stay for long periods. A small but noteworthy proportion cycles in and out of shelters repeatedly. In general, families with long stays are no more likely than families with short stays to have intensive behavioral health treatment histories, to be disabled, or to be unemployed. Families with repeat stays …

Global Public Policy, Transnational Policy Communities And Their Networks, Diane Stone

Diane L Stone

Public policy has been a prisoner of the word ‘state’”. The state is re-configured by globalization. Through ‘global public-private partnerships’ and ‘transnational executive networks’ new forms of authority are emerging through global and regional policy processes that co-exist alongside nation-state policy processes. Accordingly, this paper asks what is ‘global public policy’? The first part of the paper identifies new public spaces where global policies occur. These spaces are multiple in character and variety and will be collectively referred to as the ‘global agora’. The second section adapts the conventional policy cycle heuristic by conceptually stretching it to the global and …

Global Governance Organizations: Legitimacy And Authority In Conflict, Jonathan Koppell

Jonathan GS Koppell

Global governance organizations (GGOs) are frequently maligned as both illegitimate and ineffective. With the growing prominence of entities that promulgate global rules governing trade, communications, finance, and transport, these shortcomings take on greater importance. This essay presents a theoretical framework to understand the challenge of legitimacy for GGOs. It argues that GGOs tend to face trade-offs between legitimacy and authority, but that widespread usages of these important terms conflate or confuse them and thus obscure critical issues in GGO politics. Once these terms are more clearly defined, we see more easily that GGOs must sometimes violate democratic norms, sacrificing equality …

The Inter-University Case Program: Challenging Orthodoxy, Training Public Servants, Creating Knowledge, Ryan Yeung

Ryan Yeung

The list of individuals who participated in the Inter-University Case Program (ICP) reads like a who’s who list of public administration titans. In one form or another, scholar-practitioners like Dwight Waldo, Paul Appleby, Harold Stein, and Frederick C. Mosher played a part in the success of the program. This article examines the ICP with an epistemological eye. The era of the ICP was a period when scholars thought that the complexity of government prevented the development of general administrative principles and also prevented the use of conventional scientific methods to generate knowledge in the field. They believed instead that the …

Public Views On Determinants Of Health, Interventions To Improve Health, And Priorities For Government, Stephanie Roberts, Bridget Booske, Angela Rohan, Elizabeth Rigby

Elizabeth Rigby

No abstract provided.

“Cuando Políticos Y Técnicos Hablan De Gestión Local. Una Mirada Desde La Academia”, Cristina B. Diaz, Natalia Galano

Cristina B. Diaz Mrs.

Si un hilo conductor recorre esta experiencia, es el que nos ha exigido reconstruir las lógicas predominantes que en el abordaje de distintas problemáticas exhibieron políticos y técnicos. En áreas metropolitanas, ciudades o entornos de “nueva ruralidad” ellos nos enfrentan a desafíos análogos. Porque si al decir de Jon Elster, (1990) la justicia como proceso social, siempre reviste carácter local, sus parámetros resultan dificultosamente reconducibles a unívocos principios universalistas (Douglas; 1987) máxime cuando, por efecto de las transformaciones la "visibilidad" de las instituciones locales –su eficacia, su eficiencia, su efectividad- se torna mayor. Compartiendo estas intuiciones desarrollamos el complejo de …

The Mexican Education System In The Context Of The Demographic Transition: The Case Of The Tertiary Education Level, Daniel Tapia

Daniel Tapia

No abstract provided.

Education In The Reform Era, Emily C. Hannum, Jere Behrman, Meiyan Wang, Jihong Liu

Jihong Liu

No abstract provided.

Secrecy And Democratic Decisions, Mark A. Chinen

Mark A. Chinen

Secrecy to protect intelligence sources and methods appears often in the nation’s discourse about controversial national security matters. Often it is asked whether such secrecy is consistent with the nation’s democratic principles and processes. I argue such principles and processes provide a framework through which we try to answer questions about secrecy and indeed legitimate them, but are often too broad to provide definitive guidance in specific cases. At the same time, the sources and methods argument itself is overbroad because of the nature of the sources and methods themselves; the tentative nature of intelligence assessments derived from those sources …

Education In The Reform Era, Emily C. Hannum, Jere Behrman, Meiyan Wang, Jihong Liu

Emily C. Hannum

No abstract provided.

Urban-Rural Disparities In Access To Primary And Secondary Education Under Market Reform, Emily C. Hannum, Meiyan Wang, Jennifer H. Adams

Emily C. Hannum

No abstract provided.

Is There Ever An Obligation To Commit Welfare Fraud?, Stephen D'Arcy

Stephen D'Arcy

Argues that, in some cases, public assistance recipients have both a right and a duty to commit 'welfare fraud.'

Testing An Individual Systems Model Of Response Evaluation And Decision (Red) And Antisocial Behavior Across Adolescence, Reid G. Fontaine

Reid G. Fontaine

This study examined the bidirectional development of aggressive response evaluation and decision (RED) and antisocial behavior across five time points in adolescence. Participants (n5522) were asked to imagine themselves behaving aggressively while viewing videotaped ambiguous provocations and answered a set of RED questions following each aggressive retaliation (administered at Grades 8 and 11 [13 and 16 years, respectively]). Self- and mother reports of antisocial behavior were collected at Grades 7, 9/10, and 12 (12, 14/15, and 17 years, respectively). Using structural equation modeling, the study found a partial mediating effect at each hypothesized mediational path despite high stability of antisocial …

UbiquitäRes Computing Und Seine Auswirkungen Auf Die Industriearbeit, Ralf Lindner, Michael Friedewald

Michael Friedewald

Ubiquitäres Computing (UbiComp) bezeichnet eine alles durchdringende Informatisierung und Ver- netzung u.a. auch im Arbeitsleben. Es fügt sich in der industriellen Fertigung in die seit langem zu beobachtenden Trends der Rationalisierung und Flexibilisierung ein, beschleunigen diese und ver- stärken zum Teil deren Auswirkungen auf innerbetriebliche Prozesse. Mit Blick auf Tätigkeitsprofile und Qualifikationsanforderungen sind zwei gegenläufigen Folgen von UbiComp zu erwarten: Einer- seits werden bestimmte Tätigkeiten in der industriellen Fertigung eine qualitative Anreicherung und Erweiterung erfahren, während andererseits erweiterte Möglichkeiten zur Automatisierung von einfa- chen Kontroll-, Überwachungs- und anderen manuellen Tätigkeiten bestehen. Für die Mehrzahl der verbleibenden Beschäftigten in der industriellen …

International Comparison Of German Innovation System: Efficiency And Structures Of Science, Sybille Hinze, Li Tang, Stephan Gauch

Li Tang

No abstract provided.

Inno-Policy Trendchart Policy Trends And Appraisal- China, Li Tang

Li Tang

No abstract provided.

The Cost Of Homelessness: A Perspective From The United States, Dennis P. Culhane

Dennis P. Culhane

This paper discusses how researchers and others have analyzed the services histories of persons who have experienced homelessness, as well as their imputed costs. This research has been used both to make visible the ways in which the clients of mainstream social welfare systems (health, corrections, income maintenance and child welfare) become homeless and, complementarily, the impact of people who experience homelessness on the use of these service systems. Most published work in this area has been based on the integration of administrative databases to identify cases and service utilization patterns; some have used retrospective interviews. Results have been used …

The History And Future Of Homeless Management Information Systems, Stephen R. Poulin, Stephen Metraux, Dennis P. Culhane

Dennis P. Culhane

This chapter reviews the history of the development of management information systems in the homelessness program area. Efforts begun in the 1980s and 1990s by individual cities are discussed, as are the Congressional initatives that led to the mandated implementation of such systems in the US. The use of these systems for the Annual Homelessness Assessment Report to the US Congress is described, as are potential future uses of HMIS for research, policy and program planning.

Rearranging The Deck Chairs Or Reallocating The Lifeboats?: Homelessness Assistance And Its Alternatives, Dennis P. Culhane, Stephen Metraux

Dennis P. Culhane

Problem: At present, homelessness in the United States is primarily addressed by providing emergency and transitional shelter facilities. These programs do not directly address the causes of homelessness, and residents are exposed to victimization and trauma during stays. We need an alternative that is more humane, as well as more efficient and effective at achieving outcomes. Purpose: This article uses research on homelessness to devise alternative forms of emergency assistance that could reduce the prevalence and/or duration of episodes of homelessness and much of the need for emergency shelter. Methods: We review analyses of shelter utilization patterns to identify subgroups …

Opportunities And Challenges For Social Policy: Engaging Youth Online, Michael A. De Percy

Dr Michael A de Percy

The benefits of a free, globally available and rapidly expanding communication network waits for the next generation of social policy practitioners who dare to challenge the traditional approaches to citizen engagement.

Interaction Of Compliance And Voluntary Renewable Energy Markets, Lori Bird, Elizabeth L. Aldrich

Elizabeth Lokey Aldrich

In recent years, both compliance and voluntary markets have emerged to help support the development of renewable energy resources. Compliance markets are primarily driven by state renewable portfolio standards (RPS), which require utilities or other load serving entities to procure renewable energy for part of their electricity supplies. Voluntary markets differ in that they provide consumers with the option to purchase or support renewable energy for a portion or all of their electricity needs. We refer to this as the voluntary market or the “green power market” because these renewable energy purchases are made on a voluntary basis, driven largely …

Sustainable Futures, Ashok Agrwaal

Ashok Agrwaal

A brief note on the sustainability of the current world view