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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
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The Reduction Of Anti-Gay Bias Through Interpersonal Contact: The Moderating Roles Of Hiv Stigma And Motivation To Respond Without Prejudice., Lisa Ann Elliott
The Reduction Of Anti-Gay Bias Through Interpersonal Contact: The Moderating Roles Of Hiv Stigma And Motivation To Respond Without Prejudice., Lisa Ann Elliott
Psychology Theses
The intergroup contact effect is well-documented in the research literature (for a meta-analysis see Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006). Although researchers have identified a few moderators of the contact effect, the constraints under which the contact effect is optimally effective are not well understood. The current research explored two individual difference measures related to anti-gay attitudes, AIDS stigma and motivation to respond without prejudice (internal and external motivation), as potential moderators of the contact effect on heterosexual men’s attitudes towards gay men. Results indicated that increased external motivation and AIDS stigma hinder the benefits of contact for anti-gay attitudes. Implications of …
Investigating The Role Of Emotion Perception In The Adaptive Functioning Of Individuals On The Autism Spectrum, Margaret B. Hudepohl
Investigating The Role Of Emotion Perception In The Adaptive Functioning Of Individuals On The Autism Spectrum, Margaret B. Hudepohl
Psychology Theses
Cognitive functioning has historically been used to predict adaptive outcomes of individuals with autism spectrum disorders; however, research shows that it does not adequately predict these outcomes. Therefore, the current study explored the role of emotion perception in the adaptive functioning of individuals with ASDs. Emotion perception was assessed using the DANVA-2, which has audio and static face stimuli, and the DAVE, dynamic, audio-visual emotion movies. Adaptive functioning was assessed using the Vineland-II Socialization, Communication, and Daily Living domains. Results indicated that individuals with ASDs demonstrated significant impairments in both adaptive functioning and emotion perception compared to typical individuals. Findings …
Exploring The Relationship Between Racial Factors And Critical Social Analysis Among A Group Of African American Youth, Brandeis H. Green
Exploring The Relationship Between Racial Factors And Critical Social Analysis Among A Group Of African American Youth, Brandeis H. Green
Psychology Theses
The aim of this study was to investigate the contributions of racial identity and racial socialization beyond peer and parental influence, to the development of critical social analysis in African American youth. Young people perceive injustice and inequality in their world in varying ways. The recognition of societal inequalities, or the development of critical social analysis may be a contributing factor to activism for youth. Factors such as sense of agency, parental and peer influence and intellectual curiosity have previously been explored as contributors to activism for African American youth (Watts, 1999). Study results indicated support for the link between …
An Examination Of The Influence Of Stress And Coping On Psychosocial Functioning In Caregivers Of Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Josie S. Welkom
An Examination Of The Influence Of Stress And Coping On Psychosocial Functioning In Caregivers Of Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Josie S. Welkom
Psychology Theses
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that affects approximately 1 out of every 600 African-American newborns (NHLBI, 2006). Research suggests that caregivers of children with SCD are at risk for maladjustment. The purpose of this current study was to build upon previous research regarding stress and coping of parents of children with SCD. Additionally, novel information regarding the effects of racial identity was explored. Participants included 103 caregivers (M = 41.1 years old, SD = 8.04 years) of children with SCD. Parents completed a demographic form, the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, Pediatric Inventory for Parents, Coping Health Inventory for …
2008 U.S. Presidential Election: Persuasive Youtube Interactions About War, Health Care, And The Economy, Lindsey Zimmerman
2008 U.S. Presidential Election: Persuasive Youtube Interactions About War, Health Care, And The Economy, Lindsey Zimmerman
Psychology Theses
Persuasive appeals posted to United States presidential candidates’ YouTube videos were coded using a grounded theory mixed-methods design. 37,562 comments about education, energy, Iraq, health care, the economy, and the presidential debates were randomly collected by date and time for three studies using coding analysis: pilot, presidential primaries, and the presidential election. Seven argument types were identified and theoretically refined according to dual process models of persuasion: reason-based, candidate-based, emotion-based, endorsements, enthusiasmheuristic, other-interest and self-interest. Theoretical comparisons and hypothesis testing of argument types were conducted by issue and election event. Consistent with impression involvement, reason-based appeals were more frequent during …
Gaze Fixation During The Perception Of Visual And Auditory Affective Cues, Susan M. Mcmanus
Gaze Fixation During The Perception Of Visual And Auditory Affective Cues, Susan M. Mcmanus
Psychology Theses
The accurate integration of audio-visual emotion cues is critical for social interactions and requires efficient processing of facial cues. Gaze behavior of typically developing young adults was measured via eye-tracking during the perception of dynamic audio-visual emotion (DAVE) stimuli. Participants were able to identify basic emotions (angry, fearful, happy, neutral) and determine the congruence of facial expression and prosody. Perception of incongruent videos resulted in increased reaction times and emotion identification consistent with the facial expression. Participants consistently demonstrated a featural processing approach across all tasks, with a significant preference for the eyes. Evidence of hemispheric lateralization was indicated by …
Evaluation Of A Body Pillow To Aid Pediatric Spinal Fusion Recovery, Naomi Eve Joffe
Evaluation Of A Body Pillow To Aid Pediatric Spinal Fusion Recovery, Naomi Eve Joffe
Psychology Theses
Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure used to correct structural spinal damage or abnormalities. Recovery is painful and consists of a minimum 3-day hospital stay. Specific body positioning is necessary for healing but is difficult to maintain due to physical discomfort. The purpose of this study was to use a single-subject multiple baseline design to compare the current practice of using standard hospital pillows to a body-sized pillow for increasing comfort and decreasing pain in pediatric patients recovering from spinal fusion surgery. Four adolescents who had recently undergone spinal fusion surgery served as participants. Outcome measures included self- and nurse-report, …
Understanding Perceptions Of Hypnotically Recovered Memories In A Civil Sexual Abuse Case, Samantha Fusco
Understanding Perceptions Of Hypnotically Recovered Memories In A Civil Sexual Abuse Case, Samantha Fusco
Psychology Theses
Perceptions of hypnosis and hypnotically recovered testimony were examined in a civil sexual abuse case. One hundred eighty-eight undergraduate students read one of eight trial transcript summaries varying expert witness testimony and victim testimony regarding the use of hypnosis in recovering a repressed memory of sexual abuse. We hypothesized that expert testimony would moderate the relation between victim testimony and perceptions of hypnotically recovered memory. In addition, we expected attitudes towards hypnotically refreshed memories would predict perceptions of the victim. Results found testimony elicited under hypnosis to be less accurate, less credible, and less believable than testimony not elicited from …
Impact Of Training On Parent Knowledge And Behavior, Donald J. Bearden
Impact Of Training On Parent Knowledge And Behavior, Donald J. Bearden
Psychology Theses
Immunizations are an essential part of children’s healthcare; however, the associated distress can have short- and long-term negative ramifications for children. Parents’ procedural behavior is one of the strongest predictors of children’s distress. The current study evaluated whether an interactive computer training program influenced parents’ knowledge of the impact that their behavior has on their children or their actual procedural behavior during children’s immunizations. 90 parents and their 4- to 6-year-old children receiving immunizations participated. Overall, findings suggest that using a computerized training module to enhance parent knowledge and behavior is helpful but requires improvements in some areas to optimize …
I Can Explain! Understanding Perceptions Of Eyewitnesses As A Function Of Type Of Explanation And Inconsistent Confidence Statements, Melissa Paiva
I Can Explain! Understanding Perceptions Of Eyewitnesses As A Function Of Type Of Explanation And Inconsistent Confidence Statements, Melissa Paiva
Psychology Theses
In the current study, 126 undergraduate students read a case summary describing an armed robbery of a convenience store, involving one eyewitness, and then viewed one of five brief videotapes of an eyewitness identification procedure. Confidence ratings were manipulated as 80% v. 100%: Type of explanation offered for changes in confidence consisted of social, memory-based or none. Results indicated increased perceptions of eyewitnesses were associated with confidence consistency, rather than type of explanation. Perhaps providing any explanation for changes in confidence drew attention to the inconsistency and magnified its effect on perceptions. Further, when the eyewitness provided one estimate of …
A Developmental Approach To Sibling Relationships: Disaggregating The Components Of Sibling Relationship Quality Over Time For Siblings Of Individuals With Intellectual Disability, Shana Strickland Richardson
A Developmental Approach To Sibling Relationships: Disaggregating The Components Of Sibling Relationship Quality Over Time For Siblings Of Individuals With Intellectual Disability, Shana Strickland Richardson
Psychology Theses
Siblings can serve as significant companions and caregivers for individuals with ID throughout the lifespan. Yet, the developmental course of sibling relationships for siblings of individuals with ID has not been well addressed in the current literature. Thus, the current study examined change over time in four dimensions of relationship quality (power, intimacy, conflict, and rivalry) as well as how the constellation variables of sex, birth order, and age differences affected the development of relationship quality. Sibling relationships were found to have a stable power structure, with the nondisabled sibling reporting higher levels of power in the relationship. Developmental trajectories …
The Role Of Individual Differences In Explaining The Acceptability Of Prosecutorial Misconduct, Jillian Rowback
The Role Of Individual Differences In Explaining The Acceptability Of Prosecutorial Misconduct, Jillian Rowback
Psychology Theses
Empirical evidence demonstrates that the inclusion of improper statements by the prosecutor during closing argument increases death penalty recommendations (Platania & Moran, 1999). Judicial instructions to disregard improper statements have been found to moderate this effect (Platania, Small, Fusco, Miller & Perrault, 2008). The present study further explored the effectiveness of judicial instruction as a legal safeguard and examined the role of individual differences in explaining individuals’ acceptance of prosecutorial misconduct. One hundred and twenty four jury-eligible individuals viewed a videotape based on the penalty phase of a capital trial (Brooks v. State, 1979). Results revealed that attitudes toward the …