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Articles 1 - 29 of 29
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Changing Conceptions And Uses Of Computer Technologies In The Everyday Literacy Practices Of Sixth And Seventh Graders, Jane M. Agee, Jeanette Altarriba
Changing Conceptions And Uses Of Computer Technologies In The Everyday Literacy Practices Of Sixth And Seventh Graders, Jane M. Agee, Jeanette Altarriba
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
This study focused on 189 sixth and seventh graders in two large suburban schools and their use of computer technologies as part of their everyday literacy practices. We were especially interested in the students' conceptions of computer technologies and how computer use varied across grade and reading levels. The study included a survey completed by all 189 students that provided an overview of students' uses of computer technologies and other literacy practices. Interviews with 24 students provided more detailed information on how sixth- and seventh-grade students at different reading levels used and conceptualized computer technologies in and out of school. …
Child Sexual Abuse, Ptsd, And Substance Use: Predictors Of Revictimization In Adult Sexual Assault Survivors, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Henrietta Filipas
Child Sexual Abuse, Ptsd, And Substance Use: Predictors Of Revictimization In Adult Sexual Assault Survivors, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Henrietta Filipas
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
This study examined the unique effects of child sexual abuse simultaneously with post-traumatic stress disorder symptom clusters, problem drinking, and illicit drug use in relation to sexual revictimization in a community sample of female adult sexual assault victims. Participants (N = 555) completed two surveys a year apart. Child sexual abuse predicted more post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adult sexual assault victims. Posttraumatic stress disorder numbing symptoms directly predicted revictimization, whereas other post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal) were related to problem drinking, which in turn predicted revictimization. Thus, numbing symptoms and problem drinking may be independent risk …
The Effects, Brain Targets, And Mechanisms Of Estradiol For Affective Behavior, Alicia Ann Walf
The Effects, Brain Targets, And Mechanisms Of Estradiol For Affective Behavior, Alicia Ann Walf
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Although estradiol (E2) has numerous effects in the central nervous system, this review will focus on addressing the effects of E2 on behaviors related to mood in women and animal models and include recent findings from our laboratory related to this topic. E2's anti-anxiety and anti-depressant-like effects may depend upon many factors (e.g. age, reproductive history/status, time in E2 deficient state before initiation of E2 therapy, regimen and dosing of E2, neuropsychiatric/stress history). First, evidence of how factors may alter responses to E2 in people and in animal models will be discussed. Second, interactions of E2 with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis/stress …
Competitiveness And Addictive Behaviors : Exploring The Role Of Competitiveness And Gender In Exercise Dependence, Disordered Eating, And Alcohol Use, Holly Felicia Serrao
Competitiveness And Addictive Behaviors : Exploring The Role Of Competitiveness And Gender In Exercise Dependence, Disordered Eating, And Alcohol Use, Holly Felicia Serrao
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The current study explored whether or not trait competitiveness existed as an underlying factor contributing to the higher rates of exercise dependence, disordered eating, and alcohol use among athletes. Additionally, the study examined whether certain gender differences occurred, such that the relationship between competitiveness and disordered eating would be stronger for female athletes, the relationship between competitiveness and alcohol use would be stronger for male athletes, and the relationship between competitiveness and exercise dependence would be gender neutral.
Interoceptive Fear Conditioning And Panic Disorder Ii : Clarifying The Role Of Cs-Us Discrimination, Dean Thomas Acheson
Interoceptive Fear Conditioning And Panic Disorder Ii : Clarifying The Role Of Cs-Us Discrimination, Dean Thomas Acheson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Despite the role afforded interoceptive fear conditioning in learning theory accounts of panic disorder, there exists little research demonstrating such learning in humans. A recent study by Acheson and colleagues (2007) was the first to successfully demonstrate interoceptive fear conditioning in humans. The authors employed a single-cue fear learning paradigm with 20% carbon dioxide-enriched air as interoceptive conditioned (CS) and unconditioned (US) stimuli. The current study had two aims: 1) to replicate the results of Acheson et al. (2007) while improving upon the methodology, and 2) to clarify the role of CS - US discrimination in fear learning and extinction. …
Sexual Harassment In Public Schools : Policy Design, Policy Implementation, And The Perceptions Of Employees Participating In Investigations, Katrina Lynn Bratge
Sexual Harassment In Public Schools : Policy Design, Policy Implementation, And The Perceptions Of Employees Participating In Investigations, Katrina Lynn Bratge
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study of two cases of sexual harassment investigates employee perceptions and organizational characteristics associated with policy and implementation procedures in two public school districts in New York State which experienced different outcomes to litigation in response to formal complaints of sexual harassment.
The Relevance Of The Supervisory Working Alliance To Burnout And Vigor Among Residential Frontline Staff, Laura M. Deihl
The Relevance Of The Supervisory Working Alliance To Burnout And Vigor Among Residential Frontline Staff, Laura M. Deihl
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The study tested hypotheses about (a) the perceived balance of personal resources experienced by residential frontline staff (RFS) to meet the challenges and demands at work and (b) the relevance of the supervisory relationship to support their job-specific wellbeing. Consistent with the Conservation with Resources (COR, Hobfoll, 1989, 1998; Hobfoll & Freedy, 1993; Hobfoll & Shirom, 2001) theory, burnout and vigor were measured by the RFS's reported levels of available personal energy resources.
Investigating The Grief Process Related To Job Loss, Mary P. Donahue
Investigating The Grief Process Related To Job Loss, Mary P. Donahue
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Adults in the workforce face various psychosocial challenges over the course of their career. One of the most stressful life experiences is the involuntary loss of employment (Holmes & Rahe, 1967). This study explored psychological reactions to involuntary job loss and the overlap between reactions to job loss and bereavement loss. It was hypothesized that the pattern of symptoms reported by a job loss group would not differ significantly from a bereavement group. In addition, a second research question explored three specific contextual variables (social support, work salience, and time since loss) and their correlation with psychological outcomes of the …
Disordered Eating Among Collegiate Female Athletes : The Role Of Athletic Seasonal Status And Self-Objectification, Christy Duffy-Paiement
Disordered Eating Among Collegiate Female Athletes : The Role Of Athletic Seasonal Status And Self-Objectification, Christy Duffy-Paiement
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Over the past several decades there has been a significant increase in attention to the eating related beliefs and behaviors of female college athletes, particularly in determining whether certain subgroups of athletes are at greater risk than others. At seemingly greatest risk for eating disorders are athletes involved in sports where leanness is emphasized or a thin physique is required for performance or aesthetics. However, it remains unclear if differences exist between aesthetic lean and non<–>aesthetic lean sport athletes. It is possible that seasonal status is associated with the transience of eating disorder symptoms and the motivation to engage …
An Assessment Of The Positive Aspects Of Depression, Lisa H. Dulgar-Tulloch
An Assessment Of The Positive Aspects Of Depression, Lisa H. Dulgar-Tulloch
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Whether described as positive reappraisal coping, benefit-finding, or adversarial growth, perceiving benefits in physical illness has been associated repeatedly with positive long-term results. However, little research has explored whether those with mental disorders perceive similar benefits from their illness.
The Effect Of Family Allocentrism And Acculturation On The Tendency To Foreclose In Second Generation Indian College Students, Komal Dutt
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Vocational literature on Asians Indians in America is plagued by such major problems as a severe dearth of theory-driven research to explain career process variables such as the process of committing to a career choice. During this process, individuals should ideally proceed through a sequence of stages or phases in which they progress from a relative absence of commitment to a phase in which their level of commitment to a career choice is strong (Super, 1957). However, individuals from Asian cultures may not progress sequentially through these stages, and might choose a path to career development which entails committing to …
The Role Of Attachment And Social Support In Vocational Maturity, Jason Gallo
The Role Of Attachment And Social Support In Vocational Maturity, Jason Gallo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Much research has been conducted to underscore the positive influence of a secure attachment style on numerous adaptive behaviors and the potential negative impact of insecure attachment. Previous research has shown a positive relationship between secure attachment and some elements of adaptive career behavior. However, thus far, the relationship between attachment and all dimensions of vocational maturity set forth by Super (1977) have not been studied. The first goal of the present study was to examine whether or not a significant relationship exists between attachment and all dimensions of vocational maturity. A sample of college students (n = 140) was …
Self-Esteem, Self-Compassion, Defensive Self-Esteem, And Related Features Of Narcissism As Predictors Of Aggression, Cara Pharr Gottheim
Self-Esteem, Self-Compassion, Defensive Self-Esteem, And Related Features Of Narcissism As Predictors Of Aggression, Cara Pharr Gottheim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study sought to expand upon existing literature pertaining to feelings toward oneself and aggressive behavior. Specifically, global self-esteem, as well as two specific subsets of self-esteem, defensive self-esteem and narcissistic self-esteem, were examined as predictors of aggressive behavior. Additionally, the relationship between aggression and self-compassion, a recently introduced self-construct moderately correlated with self-esteem, was investigated. College students from a large Northeastern University were invited via email or through a brief classroom presentation to participate in this online study. A total of 181 students completed five surveys that were useable for data analyses: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES; Rosenberg, 1989), Self-compassion …
Cue Reactivity In Smokers, Gamblers, And Smoking Gamblers, Kristin Kay-Kelchak Harris
Cue Reactivity In Smokers, Gamblers, And Smoking Gamblers, Kristin Kay-Kelchak Harris
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A large number of problem gamblers also smoke cigarettes, and data suggest that gamblers who smoke may be prone to experience more problems than non-smoking gamblers, including higher severity of gambling problems and stronger urges to gamble. Given such mounting evidence, an improved understanding of this relationship is greatly needed. The theory of cross-domain cue reactivity may account for this relationship. This theory posits that repeated pairings of cigarette and gambling cues result in these cues acquiring conditioned stimulus properties that elicit cravings for the immediate as well as the associated substance. Thus, the sight of someone smoking may induce …
Boston Naming Test Performance In Young Adults : An Investigation Of Ethnocultural And Educational Factors In Performance And Emotional Response, Julie Elizabeth Horwitz
Boston Naming Test Performance In Young Adults : An Investigation Of Ethnocultural And Educational Factors In Performance And Emotional Response, Julie Elizabeth Horwitz
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The rapidly growing ethnic minority population and increasing focus on cultural awareness and sensitivity within psychology have led to calls for expanded research on minority and cross-cultural issues. Despite this recognized need, ethnic minority and cross-cultural research within neuropsychology continues to lag behind similar research in other areas of psychology, and those studies published have generally utilized older adult samples. In addition, although research in this area has predominantly focused on performance differences between different ethnocultural groups, recent discussion on various neuropsychology listserves has focused on the emotional salience of the noose item on the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Therefore, …
The Influence Of Leader Behavior Patterns On Leader Effectiveness And Follower Satisfaction, Minsu Lee
The Influence Of Leader Behavior Patterns On Leader Effectiveness And Follower Satisfaction, Minsu Lee
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A survey field study was conducted to analyze the impact of task-oriented and relations-oriented behaviors on leadership effectiveness and subordinate satisfaction. The current study not only looked at the simple relationships among variables, but also examined on the possibility of curvilinear relationships and additive effects versus multiplicative effects in predicting leader effectiveness and follower satisfaction.
Observer Effects Of Non-Sexual Nipple Erection And Their Possible Reproductive Advantages In Human Females, Amy J. Lefevre
Observer Effects Of Non-Sexual Nipple Erection And Their Possible Reproductive Advantages In Human Females, Amy J. Lefevre
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Nipple erection in women for any purpose other than lactation is somewhat of an evolutionary mystery. In earlier studies I found evidence of nonsexual nipple erection (NSNE) in females in response to anxiety-provoking stimulus material (LeFevre, unpublished). The goal of the present research was to determine what benefits, if any, that NSNE may confer upon females who display this behavior. Specifically, two studies tested the general proposition that non-sexual nipple erection decreases aggressiveness in males and looked at the possibility that cognitive interference may be a mediating factor in aggression de-escalation. Fifty-one undergraduate students (33 male and 18 female) took …
Loneliness, Friendship, And Self-Esteem : First-Year College Students' Experience Of Using Facebook, Lai Lei Lou
Loneliness, Friendship, And Self-Esteem : First-Year College Students' Experience Of Using Facebook, Lai Lei Lou
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
ABSTRACT
Glossolalia Influences On Stress Response Among Apostolic Pentecostals, Christopher Dana Lynn
Glossolalia Influences On Stress Response Among Apostolic Pentecostals, Christopher Dana Lynn
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study tests the hypothesis that long–term experience of Apostolic Pentecostal glossolalia or “speaking in tongues” reduces the reactivity of biological stress response to normal or "daily" stressors. Glossolalia is a form of religious dissociation. Dissociation is a universal capacity often conflated with “trance.” It refers to the partitioning of awareness associated with a variety of cross–cultural forms, from daydreaming and denial to possession trance, shamanic spirit journeys, and dissociative identity disorder. Dissociation is believed to reduce or filter stress by mediating evaluation of potential stressors and reactivity of the mechanisms of biological stress response. Previous studies have examined these …
The Effects Of Parental Influences On College Student Normative Perceptions Of Peer Alcohol Use, Emily Susanne Mowry Dobran
The Effects Of Parental Influences On College Student Normative Perceptions Of Peer Alcohol Use, Emily Susanne Mowry Dobran
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
There has been speculation as to how college students develop normative descriptive and injunctive perceptions of college student alcohol use. One possible explanation is that parents may be "carriers" of the skewed social norm, passing on their misperceptions of alcohol use to their children (Perkins, 2002).
Effects Of Regulatory Focus And Counterfactual Thought On Goal Pursuit In Achievement Settings : A Social Cognitive Perspective, Jessica Michelle Nicklin
Effects Of Regulatory Focus And Counterfactual Thought On Goal Pursuit In Achievement Settings : A Social Cognitive Perspective, Jessica Michelle Nicklin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The primary goal of this study was to examine cognitive and dispositional factors that may influence self-regulated motivation from the perspective of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT: Bandura, 1986, 1989, 2002). In particular, this study examined the potential moderating effects of regulatory focus (Higgins, 1997) and counterfactual thought (Roese, 1994) on the feedback - goal revision relationship. In a sample of 297 college students, the results showed that feedback, whether based on a standard of performance or self-set goals was a strong predictor of goal level set by participants. Individuals with negative discrepancies engaged in more positive discrepancy creation than individual …
Work-Family Conflict And Psychological Distress In U.S. Latino Mothers And Fathers : The Moderating Effects Of Familismo And Gender, Ingrid Vanessa Rodriguez
Work-Family Conflict And Psychological Distress In U.S. Latino Mothers And Fathers : The Moderating Effects Of Familismo And Gender, Ingrid Vanessa Rodriguez
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Conflicts between work and family domains have been found to negatively affect physical and psychological wellbeing. In studies with European Americans, the relationship between work-family conflict and psychological distress appears to be comparable across gender; however, research with Latinos has found that women experienced significantly more work-family conflict than men. The majority of the work-family literature has focused on work variables that contribute to or reduce work-family conflict and distress; thus, the beneficial aspects of family have been largely ignored. There is some evidence to suggest that a supportive family life could have positive effects on the work domain, thereby …
Pathways To Obesity In Women : The Role Of Coping And Emotional Eating, Veronica Nicole Stotts
Pathways To Obesity In Women : The Role Of Coping And Emotional Eating, Veronica Nicole Stotts
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Obesity is a major health crisis in the United States, with approximately two-thirds of the population qualifying as overweight and, of those, almost one half qualifying as obese (CDC, 2007). While there are a myriad of causes of obesity, a great deal of evidence shows that many individuals, and particularly women, eat as a coping response to stress (e.g., Greeno & Wing, 1994). Therefore, one's ability to cope, or the process by which individuals deal with situations that involve stress or threat, may be a factor that contributes to increased body mass index, or BMI, a common measure of obesity. …
Public Perceptions Of Registry Laws For Juvenile Sex Offenders, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Bette L. Bottoms, Maria C. Vargas
Public Perceptions Of Registry Laws For Juvenile Sex Offenders, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Bette L. Bottoms, Maria C. Vargas
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Understanding jurors’ perceptions of juvenile defendants has become increasingly important as more and more juvenile cases are being tried in adult criminal court rather than family or juvenile court. Intellectual disability and child maltreatment are overrepresented among juvenile delinquents, and juveniles (particularly disabled juveniles) are at heightened risk for falsely confessing to crimes. In two mock trial experiments, we examined the effects of disability, abuse history, and confession evidence on jurors’ perceptions of a juvenile defendant across several different crime scenarios. Abused juveniles were treated more leniently than nonabused juveniles only when the juvenile’s crime was motivated by self-defense against …
Prospective Effects Of Sexual Victimization On Ptsd And Problem Drinking, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
Prospective Effects Of Sexual Victimization On Ptsd And Problem Drinking, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and problem drinking are common and often co-occurring sequelae experienced by women survivors of adult sexual assault, yet it remains unclear whether survivors drink to cope with PTSD symptoms or whether PTSD symptoms are exacerbated by drinking. Thus, we used a cross-lagged panel design with a large (N = 555), ethnically diverse sample of women assault survivors to determine whether PTSD prospectively led to problem drinking or vice versa. We also examined whether cumulative sexual victimization experiences related to greater PTSD and problem drinking. Structural equation modeling revealed that child sexual abuse was associated with …
Correlates Of Suicidal Ideation And Attempts In Female Sexual Assault Survivors, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Correlates Of Suicidal Ideation And Attempts In Female Sexual Assault Survivors, Sarah E. Ullman, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Relations between (a) serious suicidal ideation and attempts and (b) demographics, trauma history, assault characteristics, post-assault outcomes, and psychosocial variables were examined among female adult sexual assault survivors. Younger, minority, and bisexual survivors reported greater ideation. More traumas, drug use, and assault disclosure related to greater attempts, whereas perceived control over recovery was related to fewer attempts. Child sexual abuse and some assault characteristics predicted suicidal behavior. Depression was related to suicidal behavior until psychosocial variables were accounted for. Specifically, using substances to cope and self-blame predicted greater ideation, whereas receiving aid/information support was related to less ideation. Implications for …
The Neuroscientific Study Of The Self: Methodological And Theoretical Challenges, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Samuel E. Winer
The Neuroscientific Study Of The Self: Methodological And Theoretical Challenges, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Samuel E. Winer
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Neuroscientific research methods, such as brain imaging techniques, have increasingly been applied to social cognitive research efforts and, in particular, to the study of the self. In this essay we discuss the ability of such research to shed light on the emergent, dynamic psychological phenomenon of self. Although neuroscientific tools can be useful for gaining general knowledge about associated underlying structures, a careful consideration of the methodological and theoretical issues discussed herein is necessary to avoid simplifying or reifying the self.
Revictimization As A Moderator Of Psychosocial Risk Factors For Problem Drinking In Female Sexual Assault Survivors, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
Revictimization As A Moderator Of Psychosocial Risk Factors For Problem Drinking In Female Sexual Assault Survivors, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Sarah E. Ullman
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Adult sexual assault (ASA) survivors report greater levels of problem drinking than do other women, and research suggests that their coping strategies, reactions from their social networks, and traumatic life events affect their problem drinking. The links between these factors and problem drinking may be moderated by whether survivors are revictimized, yet research has not examined this possibility. Therefore, the current study examined psychosocial factors, problem drinking, and revictimization in women ASA survivors. Method: Community-dwelling urban women (n = 555) who had experienced an ASA completed a mail survey at Time 1 (T1) and were resurveyed 1 year later …
The Representation Of Multiple Translations In Bilingual Memory : An Examination Of Lexical Organization For Concrete, Abstract, And Emotion Words In Spanish-English Bilinguals, Dana M. Basnight-Brown
The Representation Of Multiple Translations In Bilingual Memory : An Examination Of Lexical Organization For Concrete, Abstract, And Emotion Words In Spanish-English Bilinguals, Dana M. Basnight-Brown
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Tokowicz and Kroll (2007) originally reported that the number of translations a word has across languages influences the speed with which bilinguals translate concrete and abstract words from one language to another. The current work examines how the number of translations that characterize a word influences bilingual lexical organization and the processing of concrete, abstract and emotional stimuli. Experiment 1 examined whether the number-of-translations effect reported previously could be obtained in a different task (i.e., lexical decision task) using the same materials presented by Tokowicz and Kroll. Decision latencies revealed no significant differences between concrete and abstract words, which suggested …