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Articles 18931 - 18960 of 19473
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
4. The G Beyond Factor Analysis, Arthur R. Jensen
4. The G Beyond Factor Analysis, Arthur R. Jensen
The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing
The problem of g, essentially , concerns two very fundamental questions: (1) Why are scores on various mental ability tests positively correlated? and (2) Why do people differ in performance on such tests?
SOME DEFINITIONS
To insure that we are talking the same language, we must review a few definitions. Clarity, explicitness, and avoidance of excess meaning or connotative overtones are virtues of a definition. Aside from these properties, a definition per se affords nothing to argue about. It has nothing to do with truth or reality; it is a formality needed for communication.
A mental ability test consists …
5. The Assessment Of Cognitive Factors In Academic Abilities, Stephen L. Benton, Kenneth A. Kiewra
5. The Assessment Of Cognitive Factors In Academic Abilities, Stephen L. Benton, Kenneth A. Kiewra
The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing
Nearly 30 years ago, Lee Cronbach (1957) distinguished between the two disciplines of correlational psychology, which investigated naturally occurring individual variance in behavior, and experimental psychology, which examined the effectiveness of certain treatments on behavior. Essentially, correlational psychology examined individual differences using factor analytic techniques; whereas experimental psychology attempted to eliminate individual differences using appropriate interventions. Cronbach believed that these two disciplines should join together to promote aptitude-treatment interaction (A Tl) research that would identify effective treatments for certain types of individuals. With this combined approach, different treatments could be prescribed for skilled and less skilled individuals.
The A Tl …
Subject Index- The Influence Of Cognitive Psychology On Testing
Subject Index- The Influence Of Cognitive Psychology On Testing
The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing
Subject Index- 10 pages
A-Z
A
Ability, see also specific type classes of, Cattell-Horn model and, 15 definition of, 268- 274 exceptional, acquired skill vs., 216-221 fluid and crystallized, correlation of, 96- 97 measurement of, 87-88, 267- 283 cognitive ability factors and, 280- 282 definition s and, 268-274 person characteristic function and, 275-279 task difficulty and, 279-280
Academic abilities, 145-183 cognitive strategies and, 150-152 control processes and, 149-150 declarative knowledge and, 146- 148 factors in, 146 in mathematics, 175-179 metacognition and, 152- 153 procedural knowledge and, 148-149 in reading, 153-162, see also Reading in science, 179- 182 in writing, 163-175, …
8. New Perspectives In The Analysis Of Abilities, John B. Carroll
8. New Perspectives In The Analysis Of Abilities, John B. Carroll
The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing
INTRODUCTION
One can understandably be skeptical when a "new perspective" is offered on a topic that has been under scientific examination for a very long time. I am not sure that I have any truly new perspectives , but I entertain the notion that my perspectives have the kind of novelty that will last long enough to permit taking a fresh look at some very old problems and getting new insights into their solution . I'm concerned with several such problems: First, what is an " ability"? How can an ability be defined? This is a problem that I believe …
Author Index- The Influence Of Cognitive Psychology On Testing
Author Index- The Influence Of Cognitive Psychology On Testing
The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing
Author Index- 8 pages
A-Z
A
Abrahamsen, A. A., 234, 236, 237, 262, 265
Ackerman, P. L., 29, 37
Agrawal, N., 103, 136
Ahern, S., 121, 136
Ananda, S. M., 135, 136
Anastasi, A., 2, 8, 176, 184
Anderson, J. A., 19,38, 256, 263
Anderson, J. H., 44, 83
Anderson, J. R., 31, 36, 37, 44, 82, 154, 184, 195, 223, 230, 256, 263
Anderson, R., 54, 82
Arabie, P., 230, 231, 232, 241, 242, 245, 246, 247, 251, 253, 263, 264, 266
Arnkoff, D. B., 172, 184
Arnold, J. B., 234, 253, 262, 263
Atkinson, R. c., 135, 136, …
Complete Work- The Influence Of Cognitive Psychology On Testing, Royce R. Ronning, John A. Glover, Jane C. Conoley, Joseph C. Witt
Complete Work- The Influence Of Cognitive Psychology On Testing, Royce R. Ronning, John A. Glover, Jane C. Conoley, Joseph C. Witt
The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing
The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing
Contents
Foreword ........................ix
1. Introduction: The Implications of Cognitive Psychology for Testing...........1
PART I: THE COGNITIVE-PSYCHOMETRIC CONNECTION
2. Science, Technology, and Intelligence...................11
3. Toward a Cognitive Theory for the Measurement of Achievement ...................41
4. The g Beyond Factor Analysis.........................87
PART II: COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO PSYCHOMETRIC ISSUES: APPLICATIONS
5. The Assessment of Cognitive Factors in Academic Abilities...................145
6. Theoretical Implications from Protocol Analysis on Testing and Measurement...191
PART III: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
7. Structure and Process in Cognitive Psychology Using Multidimensional Scaling and Related Techniques..................229
8. New Perspectives in the Analysis of Abilities.....................267
Author Index …
Ethnicity And Lifetimes: Self Concepts And Situational Contexts Of Ethnic Identity In Late Life, Mark Luborsky, Robert L. Rubinstein
Ethnicity And Lifetimes: Self Concepts And Situational Contexts Of Ethnic Identity In Late Life, Mark Luborsky, Robert L. Rubinstein
Anthropology Faculty Research Publications
This chapter reports on finding from a study of ethnic older men, aged 65 an older (Jewish, Irish, and Italian) who were widowed from 2 to 8 years after a long-term study. It focuses on life reorganization after the initial bereavement period. It identifies key issues in the process concerning continuity and change in identity reformulation, changes in health and activity patterns, ethnic identity and lingering attachment to the deceased spouse. Ethnicity as a dynamic life course process, shaped by contextual and historical dimensions, and personal meaning processes are highlighted. Supported by NIH# R01-AG005204
0458: Brad Dent Papers, 1987, Marshall University Special Collections
0458: Brad Dent Papers, 1987, Marshall University Special Collections
Guides to Manuscript Collections
` Marijuana cultivation: A comparison study of New Hanover and Brunswick Counties in coastal North Carolina and Cabell and Wayne Counties in the mountainous ranges of West Virginia,' a paper written for a psychology class at the University of North Carolina-Wilmington in the spring of 1987.
From Act Psychology To Problematic Functionalism: The Place Of Egon Brunswik In The History Of Psychology, David E. Leary
From Act Psychology To Problematic Functionalism: The Place Of Egon Brunswik In The History Of Psychology, David E. Leary
Psychology Faculty Publications
My primary concern in this chapter will be the conceptual and methodological development of Brunswik's psychology over the course of his career and in the context of his migration from Vienna to Berkeley. Without discussing the individual doctrines of his psychological system in extensive detail, I will describe its basic foundations and the historical sequence by which it was constructed. In doing so, I will show how Brunswik's psychology was based on a very unusual blending of intellectual and scientific traditions.
The Explanatory Power Of Radical Behaviorism, Barry Schwartz, Hugh Lacey
The Explanatory Power Of Radical Behaviorism, Barry Schwartz, Hugh Lacey
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Abnormality From Scientific And Prescientific Perspectives, Frederick J. Wertz
Abnormality From Scientific And Prescientific Perspectives, Frederick J. Wertz
Psychology Faculty Publications
We will take the debate concerning the reality, conceptual status, and treatment of abnormality as an occasion to clarify two divergent metascientific approaches to the problem. Then we will summarize some empirical research into people's encounters with abnormality. Finally, we will discuss some implications of these findings for psychology.
Meaning And Research Methodology: Psychoanalysis As A Human Science, Frederick J. Wertz
Meaning And Research Methodology: Psychoanalysis As A Human Science, Frederick J. Wertz
Psychology Faculty Publications
One of the most pressing questions for contemporary psychology is that of what research method will best provide access to the truly human. The protest that psychology has failed to provide such an access has held together diverse strains of "humanistic" psychology for three decades. Recently, the revolutionary character of a positive alternative to traditional research methodology has been highlighted. Polkinghorne (1982) defines humanistic research as that which "addresses questions raised by considering people as agents who can act in a purposeful and meaningful manner, " (p. 47), and Georgi (1987) adds, "once one gets to the meaning of 'purpose' …
Doctoral Programs In Clinical Psychology Policies And Procedures 1987-1988, Nova University
Doctoral Programs In Clinical Psychology Policies And Procedures 1987-1988, Nova University
CPS Postgraduate Course Catalogs
No abstract provided.
A Task Analysis Of Algebra Word Problems, Dale E. Berger, Jeffrey M. Wilde '84
A Task Analysis Of Algebra Word Problems, Dale E. Berger, Jeffrey M. Wilde '84
CGU Faculty Publications and Research
Algebra word problems have been a source of consternation to generations of students. Recent cognitive analyses of problem solving have provided a new perspective on the mental processes involved in solving problems. In the study reported in this chapter, a set of algebra word problems was analyzed in terms of the information integration tasks that are required to solve the problems. A comparison of beginning an advanced high school students on their strategies and skills with algebra word problems demonstrated the advantages experts have in recognizing and using the overall structure of problems to guide them to a solution. Instruction …
Structural-Equation Models Of Current Drug Use: Are Appropriate Models So Simple(X)?, Ron D. Hays, Keith F. Widaman, M. Robin Dimatteo, Alan W. Stacy
Structural-Equation Models Of Current Drug Use: Are Appropriate Models So Simple(X)?, Ron D. Hays, Keith F. Widaman, M. Robin Dimatteo, Alan W. Stacy
CGU Faculty Publications and Research
The simplex and common-factor models of drug use were compared using maximum-likelihood estimation of latent variable structural models in two samples: a sample of 226 high school students, using ratio-scale measures of current drug use, and a sample of 310 industrial workers and 811 college students, using ordinal-scale measures of current drug use. Latent variables of alcohol, marijuana, enhancer hard drugs, and dampener hard drugs were specified in a series of structural models. Contrary to previous findings with cumulative drug-use data, the common-factor model provided a more acceptable representation of the observed current-use data than did the simplex model in …
Sensory Modulation Of Juvenile Play In Rats, Stephen M. Siviy, Jaak Panksepp
Sensory Modulation Of Juvenile Play In Rats, Stephen M. Siviy, Jaak Panksepp
Psychology Faculty Publications
A series of experiments was conducted to determine the extent to which somatosensory stimulation is necessary for the elaboration of juvenile play in rats. Anesthetization of the dorsal body surface of juvenile rats with xylocaine reduced the frequency of pinning, an indicator variable for play, by 35% to 70%, while motivation to play, measured by dorsal contacts, an index of play solicitation, remained largely intact. These data suggest that dorsal body surface anesthetization impairs the ability of juvenile rats to perceive and/or respond to playful gestures. When untreated animals were paired with xylocaine-treated animals, the xylocaine-treated animals consistently pinned the …
Wheat And Tares: Responding To Vande Kemp And Other Revisionists, James D. Foster, Mark F. Ledbetter
Wheat And Tares: Responding To Vande Kemp And Other Revisionists, James D. Foster, Mark F. Ledbetter
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
In her reaction, Hendrika Vande Kemp ( 1987) joins other critics of psychology in arguing for a new psychology. The authors believe, however, that psychology developed as a science because it was productive and that more subjective methods will gain respectability only through similar productivity. In her critique, Vande Kemp creates a circular argument by suggesting that the authors' position Jacks a proper historicaVphilosophical perspective, and she underestimates the sophistication of those with whom she disagrees. Finally, the authors disagree that there is no point in arguing with the most conservative anti-psychologists, since they may be having a disproportionate influence …
Traditional And Biobehavioral Information In Dieting: The Anticipated Effects Of Christian Weight Loss Literature, Mark R. Mcminn, Stephen B. James
Traditional And Biobehavioral Information In Dieting: The Anticipated Effects Of Christian Weight Loss Literature, Mark R. Mcminn, Stephen B. James
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
The study was designed to evaluate the effects of traditional versus biobehavioral information about dieting among individuals in early stages of dieting behavior. Forty-eight participants were presented with a message emphasizing the traditional information that weight loss is only a matter of will-power. Forty-eight participants were presented with biobehavioral information that explained why dieting is often ineffective and that other approaches could be used constructively to achieve weight loss. Twenty-four participants received a control message that was unrelated to weight Joss. The biobehavioral message was expected to result in decreases in self-blaming attributions. This was true only for those participants …
Ibm Basic Tachistoscope Program For Classroom Demonstration, Debra Anne Horn, Mark R. Mcminn
Ibm Basic Tachistoscope Program For Classroom Demonstration, Debra Anne Horn, Mark R. Mcminn
Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program
No abstract provided.
Evaluation Issues In A Quasi-Experiment On Teaching Thinking Skills, Irvin Sam Schonfeld
Evaluation Issues In A Quasi-Experiment On Teaching Thinking Skills, Irvin Sam Schonfeld
Publications and Research
Comments on the method used by R. J. Herrnstein et al (see record 1987-08654-001) to evaluate an educational intervention that was designed to advance the thinking skills of 7th graders. It would seem preferable to adopt multiple linear regression techniques, rather than the t-test, as the chief analytic tool.
Ua35/11 Student Honors Research Bulletin, Wku Honors Program
Ua35/11 Student Honors Research Bulletin, Wku Honors Program
WKU Archives Records
The WKU Student Honors Research Bulletin is dedicated to scholarly involvement and student research. These papers are representative of work done by students from throughout the university.
- Baum, Carole. A Glance at Phenomenology and Its Approach to Literary Criticism, 1987
- Coble, Terrell. Personality Determinants: Research Results and Implications for Intervention, 1987
- Crase, Kim. Recent Developments in Products Liability, 1987
- Flora, Joan. Simms's Frontier Characters, 1987
- Ford, Doug, David Gray and Nick Nauman. Right-to-Work Laws, 1987
- Gray, Michael. Through Pontormo's Eyes, 1987
- Jackson, Jewel. Is Creativity Teachable? 1987
- Logsdon, Doug. James I as King Lear, 1987
- Schneringer, Joseph. Weather Stations in …
Effects Of Retinal Size On Visual Laterality, Joseph B. Hellige
Effects Of Retinal Size On Visual Laterality, Joseph B. Hellige
Psychological Science Faculty Works
Observers indicated whether two vertically presented bars were aligned one above the other (same trials) or were offset by an amount equal to the width of the bars on that trial (different trials). Retinal size was varied by using bars of three different widths (wide, medium, narrow). On different trials, reaction time to make correct responses was longer for narrow stimuli than for the other two sizes; this size effect was larger when stimuli were projected to the right visual field than when stimuli were projected to the left visual field. Such effects were not found on same trials. Implications …
Postdoctoral Institute Schedule 1987, Nova University
Postdoctoral Institute Schedule 1987, Nova University
CPS Postgraduate Course Catalogs
No abstract provided.
On The Applicability Of Applicability, Barry Schwartz, Hugh Lacey
On The Applicability Of Applicability, Barry Schwartz, Hugh Lacey
Psychology Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
The Relationship Among Subtest Scores On The Structure Of Intellect-Learning Abilities Test, Teacher Assigned Grades & Standardized Measures Of Achievement For A Population Of Gifted Students, Randy Rhoad
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship, among gifted students, between scores obtained on the Structure of Intellect-Learning Abilities (SOI-LA) test and two measures of achievement: teacher assigned grades and scores obtained on the Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills (CTBS). This study was based on the assertion that academic abilities should be linked to specific cognitive abilities measured by the SOI-LA subtests. Significant, positive relationships between academic abilities and SOI-LA subtest scores would imply that curricula based on the Structure of Intellect theory, in areas identified as deficient by the SOI-LA tests, may increase achievement among the …
The Linguistic Relativity Of Person Cognition: An English-Chinese Comparison, Curt Hoffman, Ivy Yee-Man Lau, David R. Johnson
The Linguistic Relativity Of Person Cognition: An English-Chinese Comparison, Curt Hoffman, Ivy Yee-Man Lau, David R. Johnson
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Examined the possibility that distinct languages are capable of exerting language-specific effects on people's impressions of and memory for other individuals. Parallel English- and Chinese-language descriptions were created of 2 characters exemplifying personality schemas with economical labels in English but not in Chinese, and 2 characters exemplifying personality schemas with economical labels in Chinese but not in English. Three groups of 12 undergraduates participated as Ss-English monolinguals, Chinese-English bilinguals who read and responded in English, and Chinese-English bilinguals who read and responded in Chinese. It was predicted that Ss processing the target descriptions in English would show greater evidence of …
Do We Really Know What Makes Educational Software Effective? A Call For Empirical Research On Effectiveness, Karen Jolicoeur, Dale E. Berger
Do We Really Know What Makes Educational Software Effective? A Call For Empirical Research On Effectiveness, Karen Jolicoeur, Dale E. Berger
CGU Faculty Publications and Research
Empirical information on specific factors that make educational software effective in reaching instructional objectives would be of considerable value. The authors describe the current state of evaluation research with educational software and discuss how popular software review methods fall short of meeting our need to know how well specific programs work.
Cardiac Correlates Of Individual Recognition In The Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes), Sarah T. Boysen, Gary G. Berntson
Cardiac Correlates Of Individual Recognition In The Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes), Sarah T. Boysen, Gary G. Berntson
Sentience Collection
The ability of a chimpanzee to recognize individuals depicted in photographs was evaluated through the use of heart rate measures. Heart rate was recorded before and during photographic projections of human caregivers, familiar individuals, strangers, and blank control slides. In the absence of explicit training or reinforcement, the chimpanzee displayed a differential pattern of heart rate response to the stimulus categories. Although heart rate responses to all stimuli were predominantly deceleratory, the photographs of caregivers yielded consistently larger responses than other stimuli. Results indicate that the chimpanzee is able to recognize individual humans from novel photographic representations and that heart …
Adolescent Loneliness, Self-Disclosure, And Private Self-Consciousness: A Longitudinal Investigation, Mark H. Davis, Stephen L. Franzoi
Adolescent Loneliness, Self-Disclosure, And Private Self-Consciousness: A Longitudinal Investigation, Mark H. Davis, Stephen L. Franzoi
Psychology Faculty Research and Publications
Examined the causal relations that exist among loneliness, self-disclosure, and private self-consciousness, building on an earlier study by S. L. Franzoi and M. H. Davis (see record 1985-19892-001). Using structural equation techniques and a longitudinal design, a theoretical model that links these variables was tested with 332 high school students. Results indicate a good fit between the theoretical model and the observed relations. Evidence concerning 2 alternative interpretations of the original Franzoi and Davis study is provided. First, the original hypothesis that private self-consciousness leads to greater self-disclosure to peers is supported, but no support for the alternative view …
Development Of The Parent - Child Situation Scale: A Measure Of Parental Attributions Toward Handicapped Children's Behavior, Lonnie Sears
Development Of The Parent - Child Situation Scale: A Measure Of Parental Attributions Toward Handicapped Children's Behavior, Lonnie Sears
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The Parent - Child Situation Scale (PCSS) was developed to measure parental attributions toward handicapped children's behavior. The PCSS was administered to mothers of handicapped children. The final version of the scale possessed good reliability. Coefficient alphas for the PCSS were .74 for the internal - external attribution subscale, .70 for the stable - unstable subscale, and .72 for the global - specific subscale. Factor analysis of the PCSS revealed three factors corresponding to the three attribution types. The internal - external subscale's validity was supported. The other two subscales, however, appeared to have only moderate validity. Responses of college …