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Body Dissatisfaction And Depression: Investigating The Moderating Roles Of Maladaptive Investment In Appearance And Rumination, Mallory Forward
Body Dissatisfaction And Depression: Investigating The Moderating Roles Of Maladaptive Investment In Appearance And Rumination, Mallory Forward
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Body dissatisfaction has been shown to predict the onset of depression (Bornioli et al., 2020; Paxton et at, 2006; Ferreiro et al., 2014; Sharpe et al., 2018). However, those for whom body dissatisfaction may be especially likely to result in depression has received little attention. The goal of the current study is to test the moderating roles of rumination and maladaptive investment in appearance in the association between body dissatisfaction and depression. It is suggested that those who are more maladaptively invested in their appearance may experience body dissatisfaction as particularly distressing because they place a high degree of importance …
Exploring The Relationship Between Of Subjective And Objective Cognition Among Older Adults Living In Canada, Astrid Dawn Coleman
Exploring The Relationship Between Of Subjective And Objective Cognition Among Older Adults Living In Canada, Astrid Dawn Coleman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The older adult population in Canada is growing rapidly, increasing the prevalence and burden of conditions that impact these individuals, such as dementia. Given that early detection and intervention are strongly associated with better disease outcomes, understanding the progression from healthy aging to dementia is critical. Two factors contributing to disease progression are cognitive impairment on objective neuropsychological measures and subjective cognitive complaints. However, the association between individuals’ perceptions of their cognitive abilities and their performance on cognitive tests remains unclear. Therefore, the goal of this project was to gain insight into the relationship between subjective and objective cognitive functioning …
Bullying And Body Image: Body Image Disturbance In Emerging Adults With A History Of Bullying Victimization, Rebecca Antonacci
Bullying And Body Image: Body Image Disturbance In Emerging Adults With A History Of Bullying Victimization, Rebecca Antonacci
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Beliefs about body image that are shaped in childhood and adolescence often continue into emerging adulthood, a developmental period encompassing ages 17-29 years. Bullying is “behaviour intended to inflict injury or discomfort upon another individual.” Appearance related teasing is a form of bullying where individuals are victimized based on an aspect of their appearance. Those who experienced childhood or adolescent bullying with appearance related teasing have been found to be at a higher risk of expressing extreme body image disturbances up to and including clinical disorders such as Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). With the introduction of the Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) …
The Aphasia Friendly Business Campaign: Program Expansion And Evaluation, Julia Borsatto
The Aphasia Friendly Business Campaign: Program Expansion And Evaluation, Julia Borsatto
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Aphasia Friendly Business Campaign (AFBC) is a training program that was created to address the lack of public knowledge of aphasia. Previous work has demonstrated that the in-person delivery of the AFBC was efficacious in achieving training outcomes (i.e., improve trainee’s knowledge of aphasia and perceived ability to communicate with people with aphasia; Borsatto et al., 2021). This dissertation describes the expansion of the AFBC training program to a virtual platform, assesses its efficacy, and investigates how the virtual delivery compared to its in-person counterpart. In addition, outcome and impact program evaluations (i.e., post-tests and semi-structured interviews [SSI], respectively) …
Investigating Visual Vigilance Following Chronic Behavioural Immune System Activation, Jessica Hurtubise
Investigating Visual Vigilance Following Chronic Behavioural Immune System Activation, Jessica Hurtubise
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The behavioural immune system (BIS) is a coordinated set of cognitive, affective, and behavioural responses that minimize pathogen contact. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of research on the BIS was limited to situations of acute pathogen threat. These studies identified that personal predispositions and environmental stimuli interact and lead to cognitive changes, including perceptual enhancements and attentional biases, as well as sensations of disgust. The cognitive and affective changes that follow pathogen exposure motivate pathogen avoidance behaviours and reduce the risk of infection. The BIS is highly adaptive in the context of acute pathogen threat, but less is …
Romantic Relationships In Young Adults: The Influence Of Parents And Friends, Jenna Elizabeth Thompson
Romantic Relationships In Young Adults: The Influence Of Parents And Friends, Jenna Elizabeth Thompson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Romantic relationships occur in the context of family and friend relationships and in the context of the greater culture. Studies using a variety of methods have found that young adults are more likely to be interested in a romantic partner, have longer relationships, and have more satisfying and more loving relationships when their parents and friends approve of their romantic relationship (e.g., Parks et al., 1983 Le et al., 2010; Sinclair & Ellithorpe, 2014). Evolutionary psychology provides motives for parents and friends to form opinions and attempt to influence romantic relationships (Trivers, 1974). Developmentally, emerging and young adults navigate changing …
Mental Health, Sport-Related Concussion, And App-Based Mindfulness: A Pilot Study With Female University Student-Athletes, Taylor May Mceachnie
Mental Health, Sport-Related Concussion, And App-Based Mindfulness: A Pilot Study With Female University Student-Athletes, Taylor May Mceachnie
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: This thesis aimed to examine the accessibility, use, and impacts of app-based mindfulness on the well-being of female university student-athletes. Method: Participants (N = 34) were recruited from various UWindsor sports teams, completed baseline and follow-up surveys, and were asked to meditate with an app for 12 weeks. Surveys queried demographics, concussion experiences, and self-reported mindfulness, stress, and burnout. The app provided stress and app use data. Multiple regression was used to assess predictors of meditation engagement and post-intervention stress. Results: The sample was small with predominantly full-time student-athletes who reported no recent concussions during the study. Eighteen athletes …
Emotion Profiles In Dialectical Behaviour Therapy: Early Observations Anticipate Treatment Outcome, Florencia Andrea Cristoffanini
Emotion Profiles In Dialectical Behaviour Therapy: Early Observations Anticipate Treatment Outcome, Florencia Andrea Cristoffanini
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) can have various clinical presentations and is also difficult to treat. Researchers have investigated whether subtypes of BPD could explain variability in clinical presentations and outcomes after treatment. Previous research has identified subtypes of BPD based on temperament, which explain some variation in symptoms and outcomes. However, subtypes have typically been created using extensive self-report or structured-interview data. Instead, creating identifiable emotion profiles based on observational data could have a wider range of clinical and research applications, while helping to explain heterogeneity in BPD presentations and outcomes. This thesis is designed to look at emotion profiles …
Nutrition As A Modifiable Risk Factor For Cognitive Decline: Associated Cognitive And Physical Health Changes, Taylor Mcmillan
Nutrition As A Modifiable Risk Factor For Cognitive Decline: Associated Cognitive And Physical Health Changes, Taylor Mcmillan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dementia is defined as gradual, progressive loss of cognitive functioning, greater than what is expected of normal aging, resulting in functional impairment. There are several types of dementia clinical syndromes that are accompanied by unique patterns of cognitive dysfunction and neuropathological changes. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of clinical dementia syndrome, accounting for approximately 60-70% of cases. Neuropathological mechanisms associated with AD include the disruption of the cholinergic system, accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau, as well as vascular pathology. Vascular pathology complicates the characterization of clinical and neuropathic changes in AD, as there becomes significant …
Do Good Things Come To Those Who Wait?: Investigating Temporal Discounting Rates Among Older Adults, Amy Halpin
Do Good Things Come To Those Who Wait?: Investigating Temporal Discounting Rates Among Older Adults, Amy Halpin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Decision-making is widely viewed as a higher-order cognitive construct, drawing on fluid intelligence as well as intact functioning across a wide variety of cognitive domains including executive function, working memory, declarative memory, and attention. The conditions of the decision-making outcome (e.g., immediate or delayed), the framing of the outcome (e.g., loss vs. gain), and the type of outcome (e.g., money, food, social or health consequences), are consistently highlighted throughout the literature as being important influences on decision-making behavior. However, decision-making behavior among and within these contexts remains inconsistent and inconclusive in older adult populations. Considering that recent evidence suggests the …
Oral Contraception And Cognition, Kathleen Gerencer
Oral Contraception And Cognition, Kathleen Gerencer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Oral contraception is currently used by over 100 million women worldwide. Women utilize contraception not only to prevent pregnancy but also to manage a wide range of health concerns, such as acne and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Although this medication has granted women bodily autonomy, helped them attain higher levels of education, and helped them enter the workforce in greater numbers, little is known about the consequences outside of the intended contraceptive effects, specifically the cognitive and behavioral consequences. Moreover, because doctors can prescribe contraception after the first menstrual cycle and during puberty, it’s possible that this critical window of development …
Exploring The Importance Of Values, Place, And Perceptions In Conservation Decision-Making In Maine: A Mixed Methods Approach, Alyssa R. Soucy
Exploring The Importance Of Values, Place, And Perceptions In Conservation Decision-Making In Maine: A Mixed Methods Approach, Alyssa R. Soucy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Conservation inherently involves intertwined ecological systems and human societies. In Maine, USA conservation decision-making brings together many viewpoints, values, motivations, and experiences to balance diverse goals. Socio-cultural, experiential, financial, and ecological factors can all influence an individual’s ability to make or support a decision. This dissertation aimed to broadly explore how people perceive their role in conservation decision-making in Maine. In doing so, we articulate a diverse set of perspectives, experiences, and values. We used a mixed methods approach which enabled an in-depth understanding of the complexity of conservation decision-making while providing the opportunity for different voices to be heard. …
Spontaneous Behavioral Coordination: The Impact Of Achieved And Desired Interpersonal Closeness On Synchrony And Mimicry, Morgan Stosic
Spontaneous Behavioral Coordination: The Impact Of Achieved And Desired Interpersonal Closeness On Synchrony And Mimicry, Morgan Stosic
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the present dissertation was to examine the impact of interpersonal closeness and the desire for interpersonal closeness on displays of behavioral synchrony and mimicry, simultaneously. Groups of two strangers (N = 182 participants, N = 91 dyads) were randomly assigned to complete a “closeness-inducing” task where partners took turns asking and answering intimate questions or a comparison “small-talk” task where partners asked and answered less-intimate questions. Additionally, dyads were randomly assigned to complete these tasks in real time over Zoom, or by reading and responding to the task’s questions over text. These tasks were intended to generate …
Academic Stress And Cultural Coping: The Moderating Effect Of Heritage Language Proficiency On Well-Being In A Multilingual Sample, Noah Marcel Philipp-Muller
Academic Stress And Cultural Coping: The Moderating Effect Of Heritage Language Proficiency On Well-Being In A Multilingual Sample, Noah Marcel Philipp-Muller
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Coping is a set of behaviours that enable stress management. Traditional theories of coping have examined engagement coping and avoidant coping, but recent work has begun to shed light on culture-specific collective coping strategies. Collective coping varies between cultural groups, but generally helps preserve well-being and reduce psychopathology by affirming an individual’s connection to the rest of their cultural group. Experiments testing this model show that collective coping partially explains the relationship between academic stress and well-being. Language plays a vital role in both the transmission and preservation of cultural information. Given the role of language and communication in regulating …
Engagement, Satisfaction, And Positive Student Outcomes: The Most Prevalent Factors At Canada's Public Universities, Denise Deblock
Engagement, Satisfaction, And Positive Student Outcomes: The Most Prevalent Factors At Canada's Public Universities, Denise Deblock
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Research suggests that higher levels of student engagement are positively correlated with higher levels of student satisfaction. The National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) benchmark measures have been found to be significantly correlated with institutional outcomes related to student satisfaction, such as graduation rates and retention. Although there has been an extensive amount of research conducted on ranking HEIs, student satisfaction, and student engagement, there remained a noticeable gap in the literature: the examination of the ranking of Canadian institutions’ student satisfaction, student engagement and positive student outcome variables. As such, we offer a novel study in the context of …
The Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs) On Facial Expression Approach/Avoidance In College Students And Faculty With Broad Autism Phenotype, Nicole R. Baker
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed as an alternative noninvasive therapy for individuals with autism. This study trained brain activity in college students and / or faculty with Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) while eye tracking data was collected. The purpose of this study was to determine if tDCS training to the frontal lobes could increase approach toward social interactions in adults classified as BAP as demonstrated by eye-tracking measures in response to faces and gaze fixation. The study included 21 total participants recruited from the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) courses / professions at a Regional East …
Examining The Usefulness Of Interprofessional Education (Ipe) For Legal, Social Work, & School Psychology Student Training To Support Justice Involved Youth, Mary Comis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The school-to-prison pipeline is defined as a set of policies that contribute to the removal of students from the school environment and into the justice system (Justice Policy Institute, 2011). These students have unique and complex needs that include educational needs, legal needs, and community needs; however, these students often lack the support necessary to assist them when navigating the complexities of the educational and legal system. As a result, the complexity of the challenges these students face can be provided through a holistic legal representation team, where a school psychologist, social worker, and lawyer, can coordinate their efforts to …
Indirect Aggression And Victimization: Investigating Instrument Psychometrics, Gender Differences, And Its Relationship To Social Information Processing, Taylor Steeves
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The study of indirect bullying behaviors, relational aggression and social aggression, has been of theoretical importance and interest to researchers and psychologists within the last few decades. In this investigation, using a convenience sample of 451 late adolescents attending a private university in the mid-Atlantic U.S., I examined the factor structure of two measures of indirect bullying, the Young Adult Social Behavior Scale – Victim (YASB-V) and the Young Adult Social Behavior Scale – Perpetrator (YASB-P). Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), I found that the YASB-V comprised a four-factor model, differing from the model that had been identified in the …
Assessing School Psychologists’ Perspective Of Students Entering A School District From Juvenile Detention Facilities, Emily Wuenschell
Assessing School Psychologists’ Perspective Of Students Entering A School District From Juvenile Detention Facilities, Emily Wuenschell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Adolescents who are involved with the juvenile justice system encounter setbacks, stigma, and other increased risk factors that negatively impact their future life outcomes. Schools, and in turn school psychologists, are in the unique position of being able to provide effective services for these adolescents. Previous research has identified many practices that schools can implement to improve the academic, social, and vocational prospects of adolescents entering their districts from a juvenile justice placement. This study sought to understand the role of school psychologists in this transition by assessing their recommendations for and opinions of students involved with juvenile justice. Results …
The Impact Of Repeated Reading Intervention On Oral Reading Fluency For Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) In Saudi Arabia, Ahmed Al Naji
The Impact Of Repeated Reading Intervention On Oral Reading Fluency For Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) In Saudi Arabia, Ahmed Al Naji
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The prevalence rate of learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has risen concurrently with their inclusion into public schools in Saudi Arabia. Being in schools, they face academic challenges, particularly in reading. This increased rate evokes the importance of implementing valuable strategies to keep up the academic skills of those students. These students require Evidence-Based Practices (EBPs), which have been demonstrated crucial for their reading development. Nevertheless, limited research has been done on examining the efficacy of EBPs used to enhance the reading skills of learners with ASD, especially their Oral Reading Fluency (ORF). This study used an effective approach …
The Behavior Assessment System For Children Third Edition (Basc-3)’S Classification Accuracy For Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) In Young Adults, Angela Lafaye Lucas
The Behavior Assessment System For Children Third Edition (Basc-3)’S Classification Accuracy For Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) In Young Adults, Angela Lafaye Lucas
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was established as a condition initially considered to be outgrown; however, research later demonstrated that about one-half to two-thirds of children with ADHD had persistent symptoms into adolescence and adulthood (Resnick, 2005). It was estimated that the percentage of college-aged students with ADHD ranged somewhere between 2 and 8% (DuPaul et al., 2009). Assessing for an ADHD diagnosis determination in college student-aged individuals was a challenge that required strategies not typically used when assessing for other disorders or within different age ranges (Lovett & Davis, 2017). There was a lack of consistent strategies amongst clinicians on how …
Maladjustment Among Victims Of Bullying, Jack Bryant
Maladjustment Among Victims Of Bullying, Jack Bryant
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Bullying has garnered attention from educators, social scientists, and the public at large for nearly 50 years, but the dilemma persists. We have seen that bullying is a high-risk factor for psychological adjustment across the lifespan. The current study has surveyed college students to ascertain their perceptions of adjustment in adult life. The study has added to the existing literature in addressing the role of reduced perceived control in the maladjustment of bully victims. A novel contribution was made by comparing the strength of this potential mediator to another documented correlate of poor adjustment among bullying victims, thwarted belonging.
The Words. Or Holes. Or Both: Writing As An Integrative Methodology For Trauma, Daniel A. Castle
The Words. Or Holes. Or Both: Writing As An Integrative Methodology For Trauma, Daniel A. Castle
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This project seeks to identify methods authors have used to integrate their traumatic experiences. My work will analyze the genre of War Literature and specific authors like J.R.R. Tolkien and Kurt Vonnegut to explore the way writers describe the trauma of combat. Using insights from neuroscience and psychology, I will expand the field of Cognitive Literary Studies from a focus on the reader to a focus on the writer by linking neurological functions with narrative tools.
Counselors’ Spirituality, Attitudes Toward Suicide, And Self-Efficacy In Conducting Suicide Risk Assessment, Tayler Hendrix
Counselors’ Spirituality, Attitudes Toward Suicide, And Self-Efficacy In Conducting Suicide Risk Assessment, Tayler Hendrix
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study aimed to explore the relationship between perceived spiritual support and counselor self-efficacy in conducting suicide risk assessment, and the moderating effects of attitudes about suicide on this relationship. Based on existing theory and empirical evidence, perceived spiritual support was hypothesized to have a positive predictive relationship with counselor self-efficacy in performing suicide risk assessment; further, four different constructs pertaining to attitudes toward suicide were also hypothesized to moderate the strength and direction of this relationship. A sample of Master’s level clinicians and advanced standing Master’s graduate students (N=132) completed on online survey containing instruments measuring perceived spiritual …
Taiwanese International Students In Clinical Supervision: A Phenomenological Study, Joey Chiao-Yin Hsiao
Taiwanese International Students In Clinical Supervision: A Phenomenological Study, Joey Chiao-Yin Hsiao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The population of international students has continued to grow in the past two decades and become an important segment of U.S. university enrollment (Ng & Smith, 2001). Altogether, there is limited literature that is devoted to international students’ experience in clinical supervision and merely any international students studies specifically focused on the Taiwanese international student subgroup. This study examined the experiences of Taiwanese international students in clinical supervision. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to extract the phenomenon of participants’ lifeworld and qualitative data were collected from individual semi-structured interviews with Taiwanese international students (N=6). Data analysis led to four …
Risky Behavior As Motivated Emotion Regulation: A Mixed-Method Approach, Lyneé A. Herrera
Risky Behavior As Motivated Emotion Regulation: A Mixed-Method Approach, Lyneé A. Herrera
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Engaging in risky health behaviors is a ubiquitous human experience that often marks developmental progression from adolescence into adulthood. While much previous research has framed risky behaviors in terms of negative legal, social, and public health consequences, less empirical work has been done on potential benefits of their engagement. A growing body of research has identified emotion regulation deficits as a significant driver of risky behavior engagement, suggesting that these behaviors may offer perceived emotional benefits when other regulation strategies are less accessible. Previous research has shown that emotional outcomes can be influenced by the regulation strategies one chooses to …
Examining Access To Decent Work Among Women Veterans: A Psychology Of Working Theory Perspective, Rebecca C. Gaines
Examining Access To Decent Work Among Women Veterans: A Psychology Of Working Theory Perspective, Rebecca C. Gaines
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The present study investigated predictors of decent work among a sample of women Veterans (N = 354), grounded in the Psychology of Working Theory (PWT). A structural equation model demonstrated that women Veterans’ experiences of marginalization, economic constraints, work volition, and career adaptability all directly predicted their ability to secure decent work, and economic constraints and marginalization experiences indirectly predicted decent work via work volition. Proactive personality was additionally examined as a moderator variable and did not significantly moderate any model paths; however, it was found to be a unique predictor of decent work and work volition, as well …
An Existential Punchline: How Humor Functions In A Young Adult Friendship Facing Advanced Cancer, Megan E. Solberg
An Existential Punchline: How Humor Functions In A Young Adult Friendship Facing Advanced Cancer, Megan E. Solberg
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Young adults (i.e., age 18-39) only comprise 4% of the total cancer population, yet cancers in this group are commonly found at more advanced stages due to situational factors influencing delayed diagnosis including access to healthcare, quality health insurance and competing life demands that may hinder prioritization of healthcare. Young adults with cancer also face unique challenges including higher rates of psychological distress, which may contribute to increased risk of social disconnection in response to cancer. Research suggests that humor may be a helpful coping approach and communication mechanism for mitigating distress and discussing difficult topics. Grounded within the frameworks …
Queer Interethnic Relationships: Couple-Level Minority Stress And Resilience For Intersectionally Marginalized Partners, Sree Sinha
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Interethnic relationships and same-sex relationships continue to increase in the U.S. While LGBQ and heterosexual people are equally likely to be in romantic relationships, LGBQ individuals are more likely than their straight peers to be in an interracial or interethnic romantic relationship. The present work aims to expand intersectional investigations regarding queer people of color (QPOC), including accounting for their individual as well as relational well-being, by use of the couple-level minority stress (CLMS) paradigm. CLMS theory speaks to the unique stressors experienced as a result of being in a relationship that is societally marginalized, impacting both dyadic and individual …
Behavioral Indicators Of Reflective Functioning In Mother-Child Dyadic Interactions, Rachel Clingensmith
Behavioral Indicators Of Reflective Functioning In Mother-Child Dyadic Interactions, Rachel Clingensmith
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Positive parenting practices and secure attachments are consistently linked to healthy child outcomes (Ainsworth & Bowlby, 1991; Waters et al., 2000). Research on cognitive processes that scaffold parental behaviors which contribute to secure attachment is an essential contribution to the literature, particularly given the potential for early intervention with at-risk families. Parental Reflective Functioning (PRF) is a construct of increasing interest which has been linked to secure attachments and positive child outcomes, with one commonly used self-report measure of PRF being the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ; Camoirano, 2017; Clingensmith, 2021; Luyten et al., 2017). As such, the purpose of …