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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Positive And Neutral Mood Inductions: Ties To Creativity, Kaylan Stephanie Wilson
Positive And Neutral Mood Inductions: Ties To Creativity, Kaylan Stephanie Wilson
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Positive mood may broaden cognition, allowing for an increase in creativity. This study tested whether creativity could be increased when positive mood and creativity were induced through verbal instructions that direct ed participants to revisit memories that depicted positive mood and/or creative moments. This experiment had a 2(mood induction positive/neutral) X 2(creativity induction yes/no) design, and 112 participants in four condi tions: 22 in the first, 33 in the second, 25 in the third, and 32 in the fourth. Mood and creativity inductions were autobiographical, as this method is the most effective technique for inducing mood. Scales used were the …
Statistical Evaluation Of Longitudinal Data (1969-2011) From A Non-Denominational Christian, Regional Crisis Call Center For Frequency Distributions Of Various Call Parameters, Susan Kosciolek Salerno
Statistical Evaluation Of Longitudinal Data (1969-2011) From A Non-Denominational Christian, Regional Crisis Call Center For Frequency Distributions Of Various Call Parameters, Susan Kosciolek Salerno
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Anonymous calls to a non-denominational Christian, regional crisis call center were documented in Volunteer Call Logs (VCLs). VCLs (N=629,710) were coded for age, gender, marital status and category of distress for each call. Additionally, VCLs reported parameters such as time of day, day of week, month of year for each call. VCLs were tabulated for frequency and grouped according to parameters by administrative personnel. Frequency distributions of all parameters were summarized in an annual statistical report and made available to the general public. The frequency distributions of the archival annual statistical reports (1969-2011) were used to generate a description of …
Examing Body Shame Of College Women By Type Of Sexual Victimization, Ava T. Carcireiri, Suzanne L. Osman
Examing Body Shame Of College Women By Type Of Sexual Victimization, Ava T. Carcireiri, Suzanne L. Osman
Modern Psychological Studies
We examined body shame of college women based on the type of sexual victimization experience. Participants were 278 women from a mid-sized public university. They completed the Body Shame subscale (BSS) of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS; McKinley & Hyde; 1996) and the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES; Koss, Gidycz, & Wisniewski, 1987). As predicted, women who indicated that they were raped and women who indicated noncompleted victimization (did not involve penetration) had higher body shame scores than women who reported no victimization experience. Unexpectedly, women who reported sexual coercion did not differ from women with no victimization and there …
Participation In A Priming Task Predicts Persistence, Brandi L. Dilgard, Cassandra G. Mosely, Melissa D. Welch, Jessica L. Bates
Participation In A Priming Task Predicts Persistence, Brandi L. Dilgard, Cassandra G. Mosely, Melissa D. Welch, Jessica L. Bates
Modern Psychological Studies
Though previously considered to be a relatively stable factor, emerging research suggests that optimism may be manipulated. Since research suggests a link between optimism and task persistence, the manipulation of optimism may result in greater task persistence. This paper describes two experiments. In both experiments, researchers examined whether participants primed for optimism persisted longer on a difficult anagram-solving task than did participants who were not primed for optimism. Experiment 1 used a future thinking task to prime optimism, whereas Experiment 2 used a scrambled sentences task to prime optimism. Results suggested a trend for participants primed for optimism to persist …
Decoding Nonverbal Expressions Of Emotion Of Men And Women, Spencer Mac Adams
Decoding Nonverbal Expressions Of Emotion Of Men And Women, Spencer Mac Adams
Modern Psychological Studies
In this experiment participants viewed 42 images of 7 different facial expressions and asked to identify the emotion associated with the expression. Participants were separated into a control group and an experimental group. Participants in the control group were shown 21 male and 21 female expressions of the following: Anger, Sadness, Happiness, Fear, Disgust, Surprise, and a Neutral expression; each presented 3 times. The experimental group was given the same procedure with the addition of phrases that accompanied the images that were either: congruent, incongruent, or unrelated to the expression. Accurately decoding the expression was measured and factors of significance …
None For The Money: How We Actually Make Monetary Decisions: A Literature Review, Michael C. Mullarkey, Scott Parker
None For The Money: How We Actually Make Monetary Decisions: A Literature Review, Michael C. Mullarkey, Scott Parker
Modern Psychological Studies
Often, critics of academic scholarship point to the failure of academic findings translating to practical applications. This paper tackles an issue that most people deal with every single day, how to make smart decisions with their money. The literature scrutinizing the psychology of monetary decisions is vast. However, in a literature so comprehensive it can be easy to miss the forest for all the trees. By returning primarily to two authors who did much of the foundational research on the subject and expanding upon their work, this paper examines the overwhelming prevalence, causes, and future implications of irrational monetary decision …
An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Narcissism And Forgiveness Of Imagined Relationship Identity In College Students, Stephanie J. Ball, Terry F. Pettijohn Ii
An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Narcissism And Forgiveness Of Imagined Relationship Identity In College Students, Stephanie J. Ball, Terry F. Pettijohn Ii
Modern Psychological Studies
In this study, participants = 74) read a scenario about an imaginary romantic partner cheating on him/her by having sex with someone else and responded to a short survey concerned with infidelity forgiveness and a measure of narcissism. The method of how the infidelity was revealed to the victim was manipulated between participants. A high narcissism score was predicted to be indicative of a low forgiveness score regardless of the method of infidelity discovery. A significant main effect was predicted in the infidelity discovery method; specifically that unsolicited partner discovery will be more likely to be forgiven than "redhanded" discovery. …
Rate And Frequency Of Demands On Children With Autism, Colton Cassanelli, Timothy Piskura, Valerie Smith
Rate And Frequency Of Demands On Children With Autism, Colton Cassanelli, Timothy Piskura, Valerie Smith
Modern Psychological Studies
Applied Behavior Analytic (ABA) intervention seeks to improve deficits in children with autism by providing multiple planned opportunities for learners to develop and practice skills that are useful to them, and are effective alternatives to less acceptable behaviors. Throughout a given day, teachers give instruction to children. While the rate and frequency of these instructions occur in high numbers, there is little literature on just how often they occur. This project sought to find out the frequency of demands in one-hour increments for ten children in a behavior analytic school setting, and to test for differences between male and female …
Practitioner Responses To Dsm Categorization Of Hoarding, Megan Martins, Valerie Smith
Practitioner Responses To Dsm Categorization Of Hoarding, Megan Martins, Valerie Smith
Modern Psychological Studies
The Obsessive Compulsive Disorder subtype, Hoarding, is a growing topic of interest in the field of Psychology. Many researchers have debated over whether Hoarding should be categorized as a subtype of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder or as its own separate disorder because of the insufficient research on Hoarding. This study sought to find out what other licensed psychologists' opinions were on the debate. Twenty one females and eight males participated in a survey that consisted of questions covering three domains: attachment, beliefs, and decision-making. This survey also included an essay question which the participants may elaborate further on what their opinions …
The Difficulties Of Psychologcal Adjustment For Female Rape Victims: A Literature Review, Jackie Castille, Carolyn Barry
The Difficulties Of Psychologcal Adjustment For Female Rape Victims: A Literature Review, Jackie Castille, Carolyn Barry
Modern Psychological Studies
In this literature review we explore the various factors that can affect how well college-aged female rape victims adjust psychologically following a rape incident. Such factors include the following: how a victim cognitively labels the incident (i.e., as rape or something else); society's reaction to the victim's story, and subsequent identification of the victim as stigmatized or not; the prevalence of rape myths that impact stigmatization; and the presence of a support system in the form of friends who are willing to listen receptively to the victim. These factors together affect how well a victim is able to adjust psychologically …
Self And Peer-Ratings Of Self-Esteem And Cardiovascular Reactivity To Laboratory Stressors In Cadets, Samantha D. Price, Kaitlin M. Harrison, Alex D. Green, Keith A. Kline
Self And Peer-Ratings Of Self-Esteem And Cardiovascular Reactivity To Laboratory Stressors In Cadets, Samantha D. Price, Kaitlin M. Harrison, Alex D. Green, Keith A. Kline
Modern Psychological Studies
Past research has indicated that self-esteem has multiple dimensions. It has been suggested that defensive high self-esteem makes one vulnerable to ego-threat and might be reflected in discrepancies between peer- and self-ratings. The purpose of this study was to observe how self- and peer-rated self-esteem affect cardiovascular reactivity to ego-threatening stressors (cold pressor and toughness-challenging interview) in nineteen military college cadets. High/low groups of self-esteem were formed based on peer- and self-ratings. Cadets in the low self-rating group showed evidence of a mixed (myocardial and vascular) response; cadets in the high peer-rating group showed higher myocardial and lower vascular reactivity. …
The Journey Of Imagery In Relation To Post Traumatic Stress (Ptsd) Treatment: A Literature Review, Jamie E. Rains
The Journey Of Imagery In Relation To Post Traumatic Stress (Ptsd) Treatment: A Literature Review, Jamie E. Rains
Modern Psychological Studies
This purpose of this paper is to review the literature on imagery as it relates to the treatment of nightmares as a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This paper introduces the dire need for nightmare related PTSD treatments. Furthermore, it describes why imagery exposure works, why it should be used to treat PTSD related nightmares, and this paper will introduce proposed further research that has been influenced by the literature reviewed
Predicting Psychological Mindedness: Anxiety And Attachment Styles, Kara Owens, Tracy A. Prout
Predicting Psychological Mindedness: Anxiety And Attachment Styles, Kara Owens, Tracy A. Prout
Modern Psychological Studies
Psychological mindedness (PM) has been studied primarily as a psychotherapy-related variable. There is a limited and inconclusive body of research exploring the relationship between PM and developmental constructs like attachment style. Additionally, there is a limited and contradictory body of research regarding the relationship between PM and various types of anxiety. This study explored the relationships between PM, anxiety, and attachment style. Significant negative relationships were found between PM and three types of anxiety (state, trait, and social). Significant inverse relationships were found between PM and anxious and avoidant attachment to peers, mother, and father. Trait anxiety and avoidant attachment …
An Examination Of Two Methods Of Measuring Inconsistency, Rizwan Ahmed Khan
An Examination Of Two Methods Of Measuring Inconsistency, Rizwan Ahmed Khan
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Previous research has provided evidence for the notion that there are varying levels of inconsistency between individuals when responding to questionnaires with multiple response items. Specifically, there are individual differences in how consistently persons respond to items from the same dimension in a questionnaire (Reddock, Biderman & Nguyen, 2011). Currently, there is not a consensus on how inconsistency should be measured. In the present study inconsistency of responses to the IPIP Big Five questionnaire was measured. Two response formats permitting measurement of inconsistency were compared - a frequency-based format (FB) vs. a traditional Likert scale format. Furthermore, in an effort …
Own And Other Race Face Recognition: The Effects Of Instructions And Other-Race Contact, Emily Susan Pica
Own And Other Race Face Recognition: The Effects Of Instructions And Other-Race Contact, Emily Susan Pica
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The cross-race effect occurs when people are more accurate in identifying members of their own race versus those of other races. An emerging theory of the cross-race effect involves social-cognitive processes such as categorization and individuation (Hugenberg, Miller, & Claypool, 2007). Prior research has examined whether instructions to individuate other-race faces, given at encoding, can improve sensitivity thereby reducing the cross-race effect. Results have been inconsistent. Two experiments sought to examine this social-categorization theory with both White and Black participants. In the first study, individuation instructions did not improve White participants’ sensitivity for other-race faces and decreased sensitivity for same-race …
Testing Work Characteristics As Mediating Factors In The Relationships Among Nurse Leadership, Burnout, And Engagement, Heather Kaye Smith
Testing Work Characteristics As Mediating Factors In The Relationships Among Nurse Leadership, Burnout, And Engagement, Heather Kaye Smith
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Nurse staff burnout is a critical element of the quality of worklife for nurses, due to burnout’s positive relationship with turnover/turnover intentions. This study attempted to bridge the gap between two areas of related research: transformational leadership and burnout/engagement, using work characteristics (i.e., areas of worklife: AWL) as mediators of the relationship between leadership and burnout/engagement. A sample (N = 142) of practicing nursing students and full-time working nurses who were recruited from a university, hospital, and social network connections completed a questionnaire that gathered their perceptions of nurse leadership, AWL, and burnout/engagement. Results suggested that transformational leadership is strongly …
Expatriate Success: Cultural Intelligence And Personality As Predictors For Cross-Cultural Adjustment, Elizabeth Hallaine Evans
Expatriate Success: Cultural Intelligence And Personality As Predictors For Cross-Cultural Adjustment, Elizabeth Hallaine Evans
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Businesses are more marketable if they have a global presence. However, with global expansion comes a need to communicate with organizations having diverse cultural backgrounds. This causes issues when selecting expatriates for the job. Expatriates possessing particular characteristics may adjust better than others. Research supports both cultural intelligence (CQ) and personality as valid predictors of cross-cultural adjustment, but do those higher in CQ adapt better than those with culturally compatible personality factors? I hypothesized that cultural intelligence (CQ) accounts for more incremental validity of crosscultural adjustment than personality alone. The sample of approximately 111 foreign expatriates working in various countries …
A Comparison Point Of View Video Modeling And Video Self-Modeling For Preschool-Aged Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Lindsey Nicole Ogle
A Comparison Point Of View Video Modeling And Video Self-Modeling For Preschool-Aged Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Lindsey Nicole Ogle
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Video modeling interventions have been recognized as effective and evidence-based behavioral interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorders; however, the effectiveness of different types of video modeling is still being explored. The present study examined the effectiveness of point of view video modeling compared to video self-modeling using a novel object retrieval task. A multiple baseline, across participants research design was used to assess four, three to four-year-old children with a primary diagnosis of autism. Although both forms of video modeling were successful in teaching the task to all of the participants, point of view video modeling resulted in faster …
Evaluating The Sustained Psychological Benefits Of On-Site Employee Health Programs, Stephen Spencer Clancy
Evaluating The Sustained Psychological Benefits Of On-Site Employee Health Programs, Stephen Spencer Clancy
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The present study was conducted to explore whether employee wellness programs actually promote long term changes in participating employees’ psychological health. Forty four participants were included in the final sample from a large southeastern organization currently offering three different structured wellness programs to its employees. A semi-longitudinal study design was implemented involving three data points over a 5 month time frame. Analyses were conducted to examine factors impacting participation in the programs and the changes those programs have on employees’ perceived levels of stress, psychological well-being, job-satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Results suggest that participation in these programs does result improved …
The Moderating Role Of Equity Sensitivity On The Optimism And Stress Relationship, James William Dalluge
The Moderating Role Of Equity Sensitivity On The Optimism And Stress Relationship, James William Dalluge
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Research supports optimism as a predictor of how well individuals are able to cope with stress (Chang, Rand, & Strunk, 2007; Riolli & Savicki, 2003). Additionally perceived inequity is considered as a stressor (Taris, Peeters, Le Blanc, Scheurs, & Schaufeli, 2001) and the extent to which individuals perceive inequity is determined by equity sensitivity (Miles, Hatfield, Huseman, 1989). The present research proposes a new framework in which the relationship between optimism and feelings of inequity is moderated by equity sensitivity. The final part of the framework analyzes perceived inequity’s relationship to perceived stress. The results indicated that optimism’s relationship was …
Understanding Time Use, Stress, And Recovery Among Medical Resident, Nicole Marie Cranley
Understanding Time Use, Stress, And Recovery Among Medical Resident, Nicole Marie Cranley
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The medical resident population is especially likely to experience burnout and other negative health-related consequences due to the workplace stressors they encounter. A primary purpose of the present study was to provide insight into the stress and recovery challenges faced by medical residents in a typical hospital environment. Thirty-eight participants provided rich quantitative and qualitative data regarding their daily work and non-work time usage, recovery practices, and needs. Results showed that medical residents report (on average) longer working hours, less leisure time, and shorter amounts of sleep when compared with the average working American. A detailed assessment of time usage …
So You Are Having A Bad Day: Gender, Goal Orientation And In-Competition Attrition Rate In Competitive Cyclists, Kimberly Sue Fasczewski
So You Are Having A Bad Day: Gender, Goal Orientation And In-Competition Attrition Rate In Competitive Cyclists, Kimberly Sue Fasczewski
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Cycling is an endurance sport defined by races that require long intensive efforts. In this atmosphere, athletes who experience a self-proclaimed “bad day” may be inclined to drop out of a competition instead of complete it. Previous research has shown that male athletes demonstrated higher levels of ego orientation and extrinsic motivation while female athletes demonstrated higher levels of goal orientation and intrinsic motivation (White & Duda, 1994). The current study examines the relationship of gender, goal orientation and participation motivation to in-competition drop-out rates among competitive cyclists. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the decision to prematurely drop out of …
Credibility Of First Versus Second Child Sexual Abuse Allegations, Anna Henley
Credibility Of First Versus Second Child Sexual Abuse Allegations, Anna Henley
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
A child witness’s credibility has been defined along two dimensions, honesty and cognitive competence (Ross, Jurden, Lindsay, & Keeney, 2003). In cases where cognitive competence (e.g., memory strength) is more salient to an allegation, then older children are typically viewed as more believable than younger children, whereas in cases where honesty is more salient, then younger children are viewed as more believable than older children. The present research examined whether these perceptions of the child witness held true for repeated allegations of abuse and across types of repeated abuse reported. Two hundred seventy participants were recruited from undergraduate psychology courses. …
Work Value As A Moderator Of The Value Congruence-Employee Attitude Relationship, Rachael Johnson-Murray
Work Value As A Moderator Of The Value Congruence-Employee Attitude Relationship, Rachael Johnson-Murray
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Researchers have identified the extent to which an individual values work as a potentially key component in the relationship between on-the-job experiences and employee attitudes. In a replication and extension of Amos and Weathington (2008), this study examined the moderating effects of work value on the relationship between employee-organization value congruence and attitudinal outcomes (i.e., satisfaction, commitment, and turnover intent). It was hypothesized that value congruence would positively correlate to affective and cognitive job satisfaction, organizational satisfaction, and organizational commitment, yet negatively correlate to employee turnover intent. It was also hypothesized that these relationships would be moderated by the employee’s …
The Role Of Ethics In Employee Behavior, Jacqueline Karen Kott
The Role Of Ethics In Employee Behavior, Jacqueline Karen Kott
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Past research has related the perceived ethical norms of the work environment to certain employee behaviors. The present study focuses on two general types of employee behaviors: organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). It was hypothesized that ethical relativism moderates these two relationships. Self-report data was collected among 108 employees of a southeastern manufacturing company through a series of surveys. Correlational and moderated regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Results did not support that ethical norms affect employee behavior. Future research directions and implications for organizational settings are addressed.
The Changing Nature Of Friendships Over The Lifespan, Emily Pica, Karri Verno
The Changing Nature Of Friendships Over The Lifespan, Emily Pica, Karri Verno
Modern Psychological Studies
The current study examined differences in friendships between younger adults and older adults. One hundred and fifty eight participants completed various measures, which examined the importance of specific friendship qualities. Peer nominations were used to examine the number of close friends, with an additional component added to assess proximity of one's closest friends. Results indicated that both demographic variables and proximity of equal importance for both younger adults and older adults. Results also indicated that both cohorts chose friends close to their own ages. The researchers conclude there are few cohort differences in what younger and older adults value in …
Perceptions Of Social Decisions Made By Individuals Of Different Ages, Roberta Sutton, Lisa S. Wagner, Kathleen E. Cook
Perceptions Of Social Decisions Made By Individuals Of Different Ages, Roberta Sutton, Lisa S. Wagner, Kathleen E. Cook
Modern Psychological Studies
This study examines the perceptions that individuals have about the social decisions of others and the role that age plays in these perceptions. In this study, older and young adults read a vignette in which Clare (either 80 or 20-years-old) chose a social partner (either close friend or new acquaintance). Older adults rated Older Clare more favorably when she chose a close relationship and they rated Younger Clare more favorably when she chose the new experience. Young adults showed more mixed results. Unlike older adults, young adults rated Older Clare more favorably when she chose the new experience rather than …
An Investigation Of Gender, Perceived Gender-Barriers To A Future Occupation, And Academic Achievement Among Delinquent Adolescents, Lee A. Hand, Hilary M. Anton-Stang, Zena R. Mello
An Investigation Of Gender, Perceived Gender-Barriers To A Future Occupation, And Academic Achievement Among Delinquent Adolescents, Lee A. Hand, Hilary M. Anton-Stang, Zena R. Mello
Modern Psychological Studies
The current study assesses perceptions of gender-related barriers to a future occupation and its association with academic achievement among delinquent adolescents aged 12-19 years old. It was hypothesized that the perception of gender related barriers to a future occupation would have similar effects on male and female adolescents' academic achievement. Data included self-reported perceived barriers to a future occupation and academic achievement. Results indicated that females and males reported similar amounts of perceived barriers to a future occupation. Regression analysis indicated the relationship between perceived barriers and academic achievement varied across gender. For males, more perceived gender-barriers were associated with …
Associations Between The Peer Group And Sex-Role Orientations Among College-Age Men, Daniel L. King, Preston R. Bost
Associations Between The Peer Group And Sex-Role Orientations Among College-Age Men, Daniel L. King, Preston R. Bost
Modern Psychological Studies
Because research has identified that sex role orientation is flexible in response to environmental factors such as the peer group, the current study attempted to investigate whether sex-role orientation varies as a function of the peer group, operationalized by the type of institution (single-sex vs. co-educational) one attends. Using the Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) as a measure of sexrole endorsement, researchers sampled male participants attending a small, single-sex, Mid-western liberal arts institution and male participants from a small, co-educational, Mid-western liberal arts institution. Sex-role orientations were differently distributed at the two institutions. Specifically, more masculine individuals were observed at …