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Emergent Leadership As A Function Of The Leaders Social Distance And The Task Situation, George Stephen Goldstein

Master's Theses

The present study attempts to investigate the phenomena of social distance of the leader as a function of group effectiveness on different tasks. A number of hypotheses will be studied.

An Analysis Of Extreme Response Set As Related To Personality, David L. Hamilton

Master's Theses

The phenomenon that certain individuals have unique and consistent patterns of responding to test items is called ''response set" or "response style". Such a set leads a person to respond to test items differently than he would if the same content were presented in a different manner or form. Thus, when response sets are present, the content of a statement become less important in determining the response. During the last decade, the study of various response styles has been one of the most active areas of research in psychology.

A Comparison Of The Responses Of Achievers And Underachievers In A Junior High School On A Biographical Questionnaire, Claude Ashburn Sandy

Honors Theses

The purpose of the present study is to discover some of the biographical factors (personal, family, and environmental) which are characteristic of a majority of underachievers in junior high school. The discovery of these factors may lead to the development of an instrument which would assist in the detection, early in school, of an underachieving predisposition. This seems to be a logical possibility in view of a study by Shaw and Mccuen (1960). Their results indicated individual patterns of academic achievement for male and female underachievers beginning early in elementary school. Further, the classification of these factors by content may …

The Effect Of Restricted Homogeneous Visual Input Upon Exploratory Behavior Of The Hooded Rat, William Parke Fitzhugh

Master's Theses

During the last decade increasing attention has been paid to the effects of the perceptual variables in the environment of an organism upon the behavior of that organism. The importance of deprivation of exteroceptive stimulation is shown by the study of Bexton, Heron, and Scott (1954). Human Ss were placed in an isolated cubicle and wore equipment restricting visual and tactual stimulation. The Ss reactions included hallucinations, deterioration of intellectual abilities, and inability to tolerate the treatment for extended periods.

Psychometric Correlates Of Deviant Responding: A Factor Analysis, Ernest L. Robinson

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Content Ambiguity On Response Sets In Two Populations, G. Eugene Brown

Master's Theses

The study of response sets in both interest and personality inventories has received a great deal of attention and has caused much controversy concerning some of the related variables. Although response sets have long been recognized, only the last few years or so have witnessed the increased interest they have received as a potentially powerful approach in the study or human behavior.

The present study is concerned with the problem of test item ambiguity in measures designed to reflect two response sets in both student and psychiatric groups. The major purpose is that of determining whether content has the same …

Creativity And The Lowenfeld Mosaic Test With First, Second And Third Grade Children, Shelby Hargrave Cooke

Master's Theses

Based on the findings of the Walker study of the Lowenfield Mosaic test (1957) and the [other] studies of creativity, the following hypotheses may be made. Creative children will make original or novel designs and show complex use of color and shape. Their designs will be more asymmetrical in shape and placement and contain a greater number of places than the designs of noncreative children. They will make representational rather than abstract designs, and their human and animal figures will show motion.

An Investigation Of Card Concepts Using The Holtzman Inkblot Technique Form A As Stimuli, Mildred A. Gilman

Master's Theses

Herman Rorschach's book, Psychodiagnostik published in 1921, introduced what is probably the best known of the projective techniques. Rorschach 's untimely death in 1922 left much of the development of the inkblot technique to others and during the decades that followed, the Rorschach blots "developed rapidly as the method par excellence for assessing the motivation, thought processes and basic personality structure of the individual. Beck, Klopfer and others, presented methods of scoring and interpretation. Both "attracted large followings of psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and others concerned mainly with the psychodiagnosis of the abnormal personality" while "the main stream or academic psychology …

The Effects Of Failure And Achievement Imagery On A Paired Associates Verbal Learning Task, Warren Daniels Bloodsworth

Master's Theses

Concern over the effects of failure on performance has led many researchers to experimental investigation of this problem. However, a review of the literature indicated that the exact effects of failure are still not known. The results of most studies have shown a decrement in performance or learning following failure hill others have found either no effect or an increment.

Food Intake As A Function Of Duration Of Food Deprivation In The Albino Rat, John H. Wright

Master's Theses

The present study is an attempt to investigate food intake as a function of hours of food deprivation for a wide range of deprivation values. On the basis of the existing evidence it is expected that intake will increase for the shorter deprivation values but subsequently decrease for the longer deprivation values. Additional interest lies in the secondary measures of weight loss during deprivation, water intake during the consumption period, and weight gained during the consumption period.

A Comparison Of The Effects Of 23 Hour Food Deprivation And 23 Hour Water Deprivation On The Weight And Intake Of The Albino Rat, Otis Byron Ward

Master's Theses

The present study is designed to make a direct comparison of food and water deprivation schedules both in terms of the animals' adjustment to the schedules and the relative effects of the two schedules on several weight and intake measures. The three groups used are: a control group, a 2) hour food deprivation schedule group, and a 23 hour water deprivation schedule group. The groups will be compared over a period of 50 days in terms of body weight, weight loss and gain, and food and water intake.

The Effects Of Water Deprivation On The Body Weight, Food Intake And Water Intake Of The Albino Rat, Kenneth A. Blick

Master's Theses

A survey of the literature reveals a substantial body of research concerned with the effects of food and/or water deprivation on body weight, food and water intake, and activity of the albino rat. This research is important because many psychological experiments, particularly those studies in the field of animal learning in which motivation is induced by the use of a nutritional maintenance schedule, require some measurement of performance on consecutive days during which the rats are in a motivational state.

The Effect Of Manifest Anxiety And Failure Instructions On Delinquents' Performance On The W.I.S.C. Coding Test, Herbert J. Cross

Master's Theses

It is generally accepted by most researchers that motivational factors are important in the prediction of behavior. The nature of the relationship between those factors and behavior is not well understood but appear to depend at least on such variables as effect the difficulty of the behavioral task and the degree of the motivation involved.

An Investigation Of Variables Differentiating Between Good And Poor Athletes, Leonard Dean Mcneal

Master's Theses

One of the most important problems facing college athletic officials is their selection of player personnel. Each year large numbers of outstanding high school performers enter institutions of higher learning to attain a degree and to gain athletic recognition. In the end, however, success comes to approximately one in five.

A Further Investigation Of The Effects Of Achievement Imagery And Differential Instructions On Maze Learning Performance, Ann Hunter

Master's Theses

One of the personality variables that has been the object of considerable interest in recent years is "need achievement." This variable was first defined by Murray as the need for "success in competition with some standard of excellence." McClelland and his associates, measuring need for achievement from written responses to TAT-type pictures, have reported Significant and useful relationships between this variable and several behavioral criteria.

In order to have a more objective method of measuring need achievement, the Iowa Picture Interpretation Test (IPIY) was developed at the State University of Iowa laboratories. The IPIT obtains scores on four variables: achievement …

An Empirical Study Of Personality Variables Related To Efficiency Of Problem Solving, Sylvia G. Dickerson

Master's Theses

During the last few years there has been an increasing interest in problem solving behavior and closely related area such as concept formation, decision making and creative thinking. This can be seen by the large number of papers published within the last few years. Taylor and McNemar in the 1955 Annual Review state that between 1949 and 1953, in the United States only, 125 relevant doctoral dissertations have been written and about 60 papers presented at the A .P.A . meetings besides the books written on the subject by Bruner, Vinacke, Humphrey, Rapaport. Despite the amount of work which has …

A Validity Study Of The Wonderlic Personnel Test, William Daniel Buckley

Master's Theses

Business and Industry is turning more and more to the use of standardized psychological tests as an aid in the selection and placement of personnel. Many concerns want to have, along with all other pertinent information, a measure of a potential employee's general intelligence. Therefore, some sort of intelligence test is found in their test batteries. Management, in most cases, prefers these various tests to be as simple as possible in their administration and evaluation, thus avoiding unnecessary time am expense. There are a number of short intelligence tests which meet the above requirement One of these, the Wonderlic Personnel …

An Investigation Of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory As A Predictor Of Adjustment To College Life, John Thomas Drury

Master's Theses

College populations are rapidly growing and many millions or young people will have a chance for college in the future who would not have had an opportunity for such an education some years ago. Factors making for success in college become more important as the population increases and facilities become more limited. The present investigation is directed to the matter of adjustment to college life and the prediction of such adjustment with the use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

Human personality has been the object or much re­ search and discussion through the centuries. Many psychol­ ogists have proposed …

The Development Of A Standardized Interview For Measuring Non-Intellective Factors Associated With Success And Failure Among College Students, William Hensley Leftwich

Master's Theses

This study represents an attempt to discover factors differentiating achieving and non-achieving college students. It was done as a part or a larger program being conducted in the University or Richmond Center for Psychological Services. It involved the construction and use of a standardized interview developed particularly for college students. It is hoped that in the future this instrument or a similar technique may aid in the prediction of academic performance.

A Study Of Factors That Discriminate Between Different Degrees Of Religiousness In People, Stuart W. Omohundro

Master's Theses

The first question that will probably confront the reader of this paper will be, what is meant by religiousness, be measured or compared between personalities or groups? The same question has been asked of psychologists about other terms such as intelligence and emotion, either of which could be substituted in the title of this paper and still not make it any clearer. The answers to this question have varied except where operational definitions have been demanded, which, of course, boil down to emotional or intellectual behavior as measured by a given test in relationship to others taking the test. Religiousness …

Discrimination Of Manics And Depressives By The Projective Technique, Handwriting Analysis, Roscoe Sease Aull

Master's Theses

Graphology ia one of the oldest of psychological methods, but despite its long history it has not yet been established as an exact scientific technique. This existing situation is not so unique if we stop to consider that most other methods of personality analysis are not without flaws either. Perhaps when personality itself is better understood and consistently defined, graphology will be able to make more rapid advances. Conflict in the development of consistent graphological techniques is a main cause also in the struggle for scientific acceptance. Two major problems seem to face the graphologists today. The first is the …

Perseverative Phenomena And Shift Ability, Edward Ernest Ware

Master's Theses

Numerous studies relating adjustment to perseveration are given in the first chapter. The present study investigated this relationship in order to ascertain whether those high in shift ability will make better social than emotional adjustments and those law in shirt ability will be better adjusted emotionally than socially. The logic for the above hypothesis has been that the ability to change, flexibility, is helpful in dealing with people and social situations, but may create an instability within the individual. Also investigated in this research were the relationship between intelligence, and shift ability, conservatism and adjustment, and also the relationship between …

A Study In The Development And Use Of The Place-A-Person Test, Ola Frances Hill

Master's Theses

The purposes of this paper are two-fold, first, to present data in the development of the Place-A-Person test as a technique for clinical use in eliciting children's parental and sibling preferences, and secondly, to present experimental findings of the test in regard to parental preferences in a large sample.

Rorschach Determinants Of Creativity, Marie Crandall Smith

Master's Theses

This psychological investigation has its origin and incentive in the keen interest aroused by Professor Austin E. Grigg in the Rorschach Test, chiefly through his course in Clinical and Projective Tests.

The Relative Stimulus Value Of Voices And Faces As Measured By The Method Of Recognition, William Hill Doub

Master's Theses

When Ebbinghaus published the results of his experimental investigations of memory in 1885 his introductory chapter pointed out the "bare knowledge of the existence of memory and its effects." Historically in studies of memory our information came in large measure from the observation of the extreme and especially striking cases.The difficulties of scientific studies and the indefinite unspecialised knowledge of the nature of memory vas almost prohibitive in undertaking new investigations.

An Analysis Of Academic Achievement In Psychology, Charles Spital

Master's Theses

Some kinds of educational tests have been in use for centuries, dating back to oral tests of Socrates. It was not until 1845, however, that the brilliant Horace Mann first pointed to the advantage of written essay examinations over oral. And even then he could not precipitate any great rush toward the use of written tests.

Some Personality Factors In Tuberculosis, Margery C. Peple

Master's Theses

In my capacity as Occupational Therapist and Rehabilitation Director at Pine Camp Hospital. I have become aware of the urgent need by the patients for constant understanding and encouragement. I became interested in learning more of the personalities of the tuberculous and how they might be helped through any knowledge gained from the administration of personality inventories.
In this study, I have given a brief resume of some of the literature written on the subject of emotions and tuberculosis and how the progress of the disease may be affected because of emotional disturbances. There follows some discussion of the data …

The Role Of The Minister In Psychotherapy, Samuel Schwartz

Master's Theses

why should the minister intrude on the field of psychotherapy? Physicians will say that many a pastor who has come into the sick-room has done the patient more harm than good. The solemn appearance of the "man of God" and his mournful players have set back many a recovery, they will tell you.

An Analysis Of Vocabulary Variables At The College Level, Betty Ann Allen

Master's Theses

The strength and growth of vocabulary is one or the decisive factors in successful college work. Educators find it helpful to evaluate not only the general vocabulary ability of the college student, but also the more specialized directions which the development of the student 's vocabulary may take.

The author's interest in this problem grew out of the results obtained with fresh­men in the Westhampton College orientation program in September 1948. In working up the data from 119 freshmen 's scores on the Michigan Vocabulary Profile Test, results were such as to arouse interest in analysis of freshmen performance on …

An Evaluation Study Of The Rehabilitation Service In Virginia, Mabel Leigh Rooke

Master's Theses

Since 1920 the Commonwealth 0£ Virginia bas had an organized Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Program, having enacted the legislation creating the Service. a few weeks prior to the passage of the Federal Act in June of that year. A national consciousness of tho crippled and disabled had been awakened following World War I which culminated in the Veteran Rehabilitation Act. This was, actually, the forerunner of all later legislation meeting the popular demand tor a program available to all citizens, and which now reaches into all of the forty-eight states and the District of Columbia as well.as Alaska, Puerto Rico, and …