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Some Effects Of Shifting To Conservation Tillage Systems For Intensive Production Of Corn And Soybean, Kenneth L. Wells, H. C. Vaught, David Heisterburg

Agronomy Notes

About three-fourths of Kentucky's cropland base occurs on sloping land with some degree of erosion hazard. During the past decade, production of soybeans and corn increased rapidly in Kentucky, particularly on sloping land. This resulted in severe erosion on many farms, particularly in the "intensive grain producing counties. Much of this field erosion could be greatly reduced by developing a system for each field that would incorporate use of such agronomic practices as sod waterways, no-till planting, contour plowing, minimum tillage, strip cropping, double-cropping, winter cover crops, crop residue management and rotations. It is believed that the current acreage of …

Atrazine And Fertilizer Effects On Sandhills Sub- Irrigated Meadow, John J. Brejda, Lowell E. Moser, Steven S. Waller, Stephen R. Lowry, Patrick E. Reece, James T. Nichols

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Many Nebraska Sandhills sub irrigated meadows have shifted to predominantly cool-season grasses. Meadows are often cut in July when forage quality of cool-season is lower than that of warm season species. The objective of this research was to evaluate a one-time application of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N’-(l-methylethyl)- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] in restoring dominance of warm-season grasses and to determine lf nitrogen (N) with and without phosphorus (P) would enhance or prolong the atrazine effect on specks composition, yield, crude protein, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Atrazine WM applied once at 0,2.2, and 3.3 kg/ha In spring or fall 1983 and 1984 to …

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Survival In And Soybean Inoculation With Fluid Gels, Michael D. Jawson, Alan J. Franzluebbers, Robert K. Berg

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The utilization of gels, which are used for fluid drilling of seeds, as carriers of Bradyrhizobium japonicum for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) inoculation was studied. Gels of various chemical composition (magnesium silicate, potassium acrylate-acrylamide, grafted starch, and hydroxyethyl cellulose) were used, although the hydroxyethyl cellulose gels were more extensively investigated. Gel inocula were prepared by mixing gel powder with liquid cultures of B. japonicum (2% [wt/vol]). The population of B. japonicum USDA 110 did not change in each gel type during 8 days of incubation at 28°C. These fluid gels were prepared with late-exponential-growth-phase cells that were washed …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 21, No.1 March 1989

The Prairie Naturalist

WINTER RAPTOR USE OF THE PLATTE AND NORTH PLATTE RIVER VALLEYS IN SOUTH CENTRAL NEBRASKA ▪ G. R. Lingle

CHARACTERISTICS OF RUFFED GROUSE DRUMMING SITES IN THE TURTLE MOUNTAINS, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ J. W. Schulz, E. L. Bakke, and J. F. Gulke

USE OF A TRIBUTARY BY FISHES IN A GREAT PLAINS RIVER SYSTEM ▪ J. B. Smith and W. A. Hubert

PLANT AND ANIMAL COMMUNITY RESPONSES TO RESTORED IOW A WETLANDS ▪ T. G. LaGrange and J. J. Dinsmore

COLEOPTERA SPECIES INHABITING PRAIRIE WETLANDS OF THE COTTONWOOD LAKE AREA, STUTSMAN COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA ▪ B. A. Hanson and G. …

Putting A Top Quality Forage Program Together On Your Farm, Richard Brown Phillips

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

You know most of us here, and I am including myself, really don't have a super talent for predicting the future with a great deal of consistency, however, our interest doesn't have to be in predicting, but rather, just primarily in considering potentials and opportunities in the future. What do you say, let's take a little time to look at some of the opportunities in the forage industry. The nation's No. 1 cash crop.

Sampling And Testing For Quality, Buddy Sims

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

The Kentucky Department of Agriculture is preparing to implement a unique and far-reaching program to provide forage producers with a detailed analysis of the quality of hay.

This program was mandated by the Kentucky legislature in 1988 as a means to enhance the marketing of Kentucky hay. A statewide hay testing and marketing program was recommended by a special legislative task force report issued in 1987 and has the endorsement of a number of agricultural organizations, including the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture and Kentucky Farm Bureau.

Marketing Kentucky Hay — A Reality, J. Kenneth Evans

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

As I write this in early December, Kentucky does not yet have a system for marketing hay. The above title reflects an attitude which positively expects a marketing system to be in place by the 1989 season. Many details of such a system have been discussed, some decisions have already been made and more will be made by the time you read this. Literally hundreds of decisions need to be made before hay is marketed in 1989. since these decisions will be made by a group of people (a producer Board of Directors and the KY Department of Agriculture personnel) …

Equipment And Chemical Advances In Harvesting And Storing Quality Hay, Michael Collins

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

In some areas of the country, many producers have gone to silage or haylage for storage of a portion of their forage. However, hay remains the most popular storage method for forage. Hay stores well for long periods and is better suited to cash sale and transportation over substantial distances than silage. Mechanical conditioning, which gained acceptance during the 1950's is probably still the greatest single change in hay harvesting and storage technology during this century. However, a number of other noteworthy changes and innovations have occurred in recent years which have helped to reduce the extent of losses during …

Alfalfa Hay: Quality Makes The Difference, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa "Queen of the Forage Crops" is one of t.he most important forage legumes grown in the U.S. It can be grown over a wide range of soil and climatic conditions, it has the highest yield potential and the highest feeding values of all adapted perennial forage legumes. Alfalfa is a versatile crop which can be used for pasture, hay, silage, green-chop, soil improvements and human consumption (sprouts, etc.).

Foreword [1989], Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

This is the front matter of the proceedings.

Genetic Variability For Seedling Atrazine Tolerance In Indiangrass, J. G. Kube, Kenneth P. Vogel, Lowell E. Moser

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Indiangrass [Sorghustrum nutans (L.) Nash] lacks sufficient seedling atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N’-(l-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] tolerance to permit the use of atrazine as a pre-emergence herbicide. The principle objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variability for seedling atrazine tolerance in two indiangrass populations, 'Nebraska 54' and 'Holt', using seed harvested from replicated clones. Seedling survival in soil containing 3 mg kg^-1 atrazine was determined in the greenhouse. There was significant genetic variability among half-sib families of both populations for seedling atrazine tolerance. Heritability estimates were greater than 0.50. There was also significant genetic variability among the …

Changes In Mule Deer Size In Utah, Dennis D. Austin, Robert A. Riggs, Philip J. Urness, David L. Turner, John F. Kimball

Great Basin Naturalist

Trends in age-specific, eviscerated carcass weights were determined for hunter-harvested yearling and two-year-old buck mule deer. Carcass weights declined over an 11-year period from two areas of similar management, but with independenly collected data sets. Carcass weights also declined between the opening and second weekends of the hunt. Management implications are discussed.

Wood Anatomy Of Cercidium (Fabaceae), With Emphasis On Vessel Wall Sculpture, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Quantitative and qualitative data are presented for wood anatomy of the seven species of Cercidium (including two subspecies of C. floridum as well as the hybrid C. x sonorae) currently recognized. Data on wood of Parkinsonia are presented for purposes of comparison. Vessel walls of Cercidium show unusual sculpture: coarse excrescences termed verrucae here, crateriform pits, and grooves interconnecting pit apertures. These plus crystal distribution, presence of septa in fibers, pit diameter, presence of vasicentric tracheids, and presence of diagonal vessel aggregations are probably species distinctions to various degrees. The crystal-bearing fibers of Cercidium, some of which have …

Wood Anatomy Of Tasmannia, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Quantitative and qualitative data are presented for 11 collections of eight taxa. Diameter and length of tracheids are related to plant size, but populations in cooler locations have narrower and shorter tracheids than one would expect on the basis of plant size and age, and smaller tracheids are believed to be of selective value in these environments because of their resistance to embolisms. Vesturing is absent from tracheids in taxa from warmer localities but pronounced in colder places; this, too, is a probable mechanism for resistance to embolism formation. Helical thickenings are reported for one collection of T. insipida; …

Assessing The Utility Of Isozyme Number For Determining Ploidal Level, Loren H. Rieseberg, Douglas E. Soltis

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

In order to evaluate the utility of isozyme number for estimating ploidal level in ancient polyploid (paleopolyploid) plant species, isozyme number was determined for species of the putatively paleopolyploid genus Helianthus with n = 17, and compared with those of a species of Heliomeris with n = 8. Electrophoretic examination of 13 enzymes revealed the presence of nine duplicated isozymes in Helianthus annuus and Helianthus bolanderi and six duplicated isozymes in Heliomeris multiflora. Thus, there is little difference in isozyme number between ploidal levels. It is suggested that the lack of strong concordance between isozyme number and ploidal level …

Distribution Of Vessel Diameter In Ring-Porous Trees, D. W. Woodcock

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The wood anatomy of ring-porous trees presents difficulties of description and measurement. Information regarding the distribution of vessel diameters within the yearly growth increment may be of use of interpreting wood anatomy and function. Two distributional patterns can be recognized in the trunk xylem of the five ring-porous species investigated. The following terms are proposed: graduated-unimodal, to refer to ring-porous woods with one population of vessels, and graduated-bimodal, to refer to woods with two distinct peaks in vessel frequency.

Factors Limiting Sexual Reproduction In Platanus Wrightii In Southeastern Arizona, Jane H. Bock, Carl E. Bock

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii: Platanaceae) is a riparian tree of the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. It is failing to reproduce in certain canyons where mature, seed-producing trees of this species occur. Three hypotheses were tested to explain this reproductive failure: I) the presence of domestic cattle prevents reproduction, 2) seeds produced in certain canyons are inviable, and 3) annual flash floods destroy seedlings and young saplings but not the large, mature trees.

Canyons, either grazed or ungrazed by domestic animals, were surveyed for the presence of seedlings and young trees. In the laboratory, seeds were tested …

Leaf Anatomy Of The Goetzeaceae, Scott Zona

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

A comparative study of the leaf anatomy ofthree species of three genera of Goetzeaceae (Henoonia, Goetzea, and Espadaea) revealed a number of characteristics common to all genera, viz. anomocytic stomata, sinuous anticlinal epidermal walls, both glandular and uniseriate nonglandular trichomes, crystal sand and druses in the mesophyll (often in the same cell), and intraxylary phloem. The mid veins of these species exhibit secondary growth and parenchymatous rays. The unifying anatomical features of this family are, however, not uncommon in the Solanaceae. The results of this study support placement of the Goetzeaceae in or very near Solanaceae. …

Follar Flavonoids Of Keckiella Ternata, Ron Scogin

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The major foliar phenolics of Keckiella ternata are quercetin 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, and acteoside (= orobanchin). The occurrence of flavonols in K. ternata is anomalous compared with other species of Keckiella and Penstemon, in which leaf flavonoids are based on luteolin and 6-hydroxyluteolin. The occurrence of foliar flavonols in K. ternata is interpreted as an advanced, derived condition.

Systematics Of Nama (Hydrophyllaceae), John D. Bacon

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Lemmonia has been maintained as a monotypic genus, despite the fact that it is morphologically very similar to several species of Nama. The major basis for this separation resides in the reportedly coalescent filament bases of Lemmonia as contrasted with the distinct filaments of Nama. Examination of corollas of Lemmonia with the scanning electron microscope has revealed that the filaments of the taxon are distinct. There is, then, no qualitative basis upon which to found Lemmonia, and the taxon is transferred to Nama.

Wood Anatomy And Relationships Of Montinia, Sherwin Carlquist

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Quantitative and qualitative data are presented on wood anatomy of root, basal stem, and upper stem of Montinia caryophyllacea. Anatomy of twig wood of Kaliphora madagascariensis is compared with these results, as is the data of Ramamonjiarisoa (1980) on wood of the genus Grevea. Features common to the three genera in wood as well as other portions of the plant are reviewed; these are consistent with the interpretation that Montinia and Kaliphora are very close to each other, despite previous positions of the two genera in Saxifragaceae and Comaceae, respectively. Grevea, although more distant from Montinia than …

Photosynthesis Of Arid And Subtropical Succulent Plants, Irwin P. Ting

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

The hypothesis of Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is that it is a physiological adaptation to arid or otherwise dry habitats. Stomata are closed during the day and open at night when the evaporative demand is low. Thus exogenous CO₂ is fixed at night with relatively little water loss. CAM is typically found in succulents occurring in desert and dry Mediterranean regions, but not in the cold deserts of Asia. Recently, it has become known that many arid tropical succulent plants are CAM as well, particularly those growing epiphytically. The vegetation of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, ranges from desertlike …

Effect Of Burning On Germination Of Tallgrass Prairie Plant Species, Sherry R. Rohn, Thomas B. Bragg

Biology Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

Seeds from 10 prairie plant species of burned and unburned portions of three tallgrass prairies were collected and tested for germinability. Germination of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) consistently averaged higher with burning. Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans L.) and sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] averaged 5% higher with burning on two of the three sites, although for indiangrass average germination for all three sites was 7% lower. Species for which germination declined with burning were false sunflower [Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. scabra (Dun.) Fern.], -13%; whole leaf rosinweed (Silphium integrifolium Michx.), -10%; and white …

Effect Of Eastern Red Cedar On Seedling Establishment Of Prairie Plants, Dan J. Stipe, Thomas B. Bragg

Biology Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

To test the hypothesis that eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) is allelopathic, seedling establishment of five herbaceous prairie species was evaluated by growing seeds in soil collected beneath and adjacent to a stand of this tree species. While four species showed no significant effect, the germination of one species, finger coreopsis (Coreopsis palmata Nutt.), was significantly reduced. Since eastern red cedar is an early invader of unburned prairie, such an allelopathic effect, even on only a few species, is of particular concern in that it has the potential to hasten degradation of invaded prairie sites.

Tallgrass Prairie Remnants Of Eastern Nebraska, Judith F. Boettcher, Thomas B. Bragg

Biology Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

Ten eastern Nebraska tallgrass prairie remnants were evaluated up to four times during the 1979 growing season to assess vegetative composition and the effects of mowing, topographic and size differences, and season of evaluation. Frequent mowing resulted in a reduced canopy cover of some species, such as big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) (21% lower with frequent mowing), but increased cover of others, particularly the introduced species smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss. subsp. inermis) (35% higher cover with frequent mowing). In addition, frequent mowing resulted in a higher proportion of disturbance species. Comparing the time of mowing, canopy …

Establishing Warm-Season Grasses And Forbs Using Herbicides And Mowing, Thomas B. Bragg, David M. Sutherland

Biology Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

The objective of this study was to provide a preliminary assessment of the use of selected herbicides in establishing a diverse stand of prairie grasses and forbs. An upland and a lowland site in eastern Nebraska, consisting of well-drained, fine-silty clay, loess-derived soils, were seeded with 23 native prairie grass and forb species and subsequently mowed or treated at rates of 0.6, 1.1, 1.7, and 2.2 kg/ha with atrazine [6-chloro-Nethyl- N' -(l-methylethyl)-l ,3,S-triazine-2,4-diamine] or 2,4-0 (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Treatments were applied at one and two-year intervals. Canopy cover in unreplicated treatment areas (12 x 30 m) was evaluated in ten randomly …

Melamine/Urea And Oxamide Fertilization Of Kentucky Bluegrass, David J. Wehner, Dennis L. Martin

Office of the Dean (CAFES) Scholarship

The commercial lawn care industry represents a large market for N sources. A formulated melamine (2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine) plus urea combination (MLU) (45% melamine by weight) and oxamide were evaluated for use by the lawn care industry by comparing turfgrass response from these fertilizers to that from urea, sulfur coated urea (SCU), ureaformaldehyde (Nitroform), and a non-fertilized check. Fertilizers were applied four times per year to field plots of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) growing on a Flanagan silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aquic Argiudoll) at a rate of 49 kg N ha^-1 per application. Color ratings and clipping weights …

Soil Science Research Report - 1989

Soil Science Research Reports

Tillage Experiments

Increasing Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Dryland Sorghum Under Conventional and No-tillage Systems ............ 1

The Effect of Phosphorus Rate, Method of Application, and Tillage on Soybean Yield in Nebraska ............ 6

Tillage, Rotation and N Rate Effects on Dryland Com Production and Nitrogen Uptake in Northeastern Nebraska ............ 15

Fertilizer

Effect of Lime Application on Soil pH and Com Yield in Holt County ............ 22

Evaluation of the Influence of Starter Fertilizer on Com and Grain Sorghum, 1989 ............ 24

Fertilizer P Distribution and Wheat Yield ............ 26

Field Evaluation to Determine Best Fluid Starter Fertilizer for Com …

The Development Of An Efficient Lupin Harvesting Front, E D. Blanchard

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Harvest losses represent a significant reduction in lupin production and farm productivity.

Since 1984, the Department's Farm Machinery Research and Liaison Unit at the Dryland Research Institute has studied the lupin harvesting operation to improve its mechanical efficiency. An experimental and a prototype harvesting front were built and tested in the field. Guidlines for efficient lupin harvesting were produced, and commercial modifications developed.

Examination And Development Of An Essential Oil Industry In The Ord River Irrigation Area Of North Western Australia, Jean M.V. Bonnardeaux

Research Reports

The project aimed at establishing an essential oil industry in the Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA). This industry is particularly suited to the ORIA where transport costs often prohibit the development of some agricultural products. The oils are concentrated and highly valuable. In addition, the ORIA with its abundant water and high temperatures presents a unique opportunity to grow a wide range of crops for the production of essential oils used by the food, medicinal and perfume industries. Australia has therefore an opportunity to initiate a new industry capable of replacing imports and gaining access to world markets representing a …