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Usmarc Beef Carcass Instrument Grading Systems, Tommy Wheeler, Steven Shackelford, Mohammad Koohmaraie

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Evaluation of Beef Carcass Grades with Image Analysis

Beef Tenderness

Center For Grassland Studies Newsletters, Winter 2006, Volume 12, No. 1

Center for Grassland Studies: Newsletters

Nitrogen Sequestration and Groundwater Quality Charles Shapiro and Bill Kranz, Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, UNL

Maximize pre-emergence success in turf by Roch Gaussoin, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL Losing Grasslands and Natural Areas to Development by Richard Sutton, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, UNL

New Prairie Grasses to Fatten Beef Cattle

Nike Golf Camp in Lincoln This July

2006 Spring Seed Book, Nebraska Crop Improvement Association

Nebraska Crop Improvement Association Seed Guides

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PERENNIAL FORAGE GRASSES

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SOYBEAN VARIETY CHARACTERISTICS - 2006

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2005 NCIA MEMBERS

Avenacin Production In Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis Stolonifera) And Its Influence On The Host Range Of Gaeumannomyces Graminis, S. L. Thomas, P. Bonello, P. E. Lipps, Michael J. Boehm

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Avenacinase activity has been shown to be a key factor determining the host range of Gaeumannomyces graminis on oats (Avena sativa). G. graminis var. avenae produces avenacinase, which detoxifies the oat root saponin avenacin, enabling it to infect oats. G. graminis var. tritici does not produce avenacinase and is unable to infect oats. G. graminis var. avenae is also reported to incite take-all patch on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). It is unknown whether creeping bentgrass produces avenacin and if the avenacin-avenacinase interaction influences G. graminis pathogenicity on creeping bentgrass. The root extracts of six creeping bentgrass …

Carbon-To-Nitrogen Ratio And Carbon Loading Of Production Media Influence Freeze-Drying Survival And Biocontrol Efficacy Of Cryptococcus Nodaensis Oh 182.9, Shouan Zhang, David A. Schisler, Michael J. Boehm, Patricia J. Slininger

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. Cryptococcus nodaensis OH 182.9 is an effective biocontrol agent for this disease. Development of a dried product of OH 182.9 would have potential advantages of ease of handling, favorable economics, and acceptance by end users. Isolate OH 182.9 was grown for 48 and 72 h in semi-defined complete liquid (SDCL) medium with carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios of 6.5:1, 9:1, 11:1, 15:1, and 30:1, and in SDCL C/N 30:1 media with varied carbon loadings of 7, 14, 21, and 28 g/liter. Total biomass production and cell …

First Report Of Sudden Death Syndrome Of Soybean Caused By Fusarium Solani F. Sp. Glycines In Nebraska, A. D. Ziems, L. J. Giesler, G. Y. Yuen

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

During August of 2004, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants exhibiting symptoms typical of sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines (= Fusarium virguliforme Akoi, O'Donnell, Homma, & Lattanzi) (1) were observed in Nemaha and Pierce counties in eastern Nebraska. Leaf symptoms ranged from small chlorotic spots to prominent interveinal necrosis on plants at R5-R6 growth stages. Taproots of symptomatic plants were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with hymexazol, ampicillin, and rifampicin (HAR). Resulting fungal isolates grew slowly and developed masses of blue macroconidia, characteristic of F. solani f. sp. glycines …

Human Emanations And Related Natural Compounds That Inhibit Mosquito Host-Finding Abilities, Ulrich R. Bernier, Daniel Kline, Kenneth H. Posey

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

One mechanism by which the action of semiochemicals can be classified is based on the behavioral impact within or external to the species of interest. As such, one can classify a chemical as one of the following^2,3:

1. Pheromone, if it results in response between insects of the same species
2. Kairomone, if it results in response in another species that benefits the species receiving the chemical cue
3. Allomone, if it results in response in another species that benefits the species releasing the chemical cue

However, the distinctions can be more specific by classification of chemical cues …

Divergence And Mosaicism Among Virulent Soil Phages Of The Burkholderia Cepacia Complex, Elizabeth J. Summer, Carlos F. Gonzalez, Morgan Bomer, Thomas Carlile, Addie Embry, Amalie M. Kucherka, Jonte Lee, Leslie Mebane, William C. Morrison, Louise Mark, Maria D. King, John J. Lipuma, Anne K. Vidaver, Ry Young

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

We have determined the genomic sequences of four virulent myophages, Bcep1, Bcep43, BcepB1A, and Bcep781, whose hosts are soil isolates of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. Despite temporal and spatial separations between initial isolations, three of the phages (Bcep1, Bcep43, and Bcep781, designated the Bcep781 group) exhibit 87% to 99% sequence identity to one another and most coding region differences are due to synonymous nucleotide substitutions, a hallmark of neutral genetic drift. Phage BcepB1A has a very different genome organization but is clearly a mosaic with respect to many of the genes of the Bcep781 group, as is a defective prophage …

Anthropogenic Drivers Of Ecosystem Change: An Overview, Gerald C. Nelson, Elena Bennett, Asmeret A. Berhe, Kenneth G. Cassman, Ruth Defries, Thomas Dietz, Achim R. Dobermann, Andrew Dobson, Anthony Janetos, Marc Levy, Diana Marco, Nebojsa Nakicenovic, Brian O'Neill, Richard Norgaard, Gerhard Petschel-Held, Dennis Ojima, Prabhu Pingali, Robert Watson, Monika Zurek

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

This paper provides an overview of what the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) calls “indirect and direct drivers” of change in ecosystem services at a global level. The MA definition of a driver is any natural or human-induced factor that directly or indirectly causes a change in an ecosystem. A direct driver unequivocally influences ecosystem processes. An indirect driver operates more diffusely by altering one or more direct drivers. Global driving forces are categorized as demographic, economic, sociopolitical, cultural and religious, scientific and technological, and physical and biological. Drivers in all categories other than physical and biological are considered indirect. Important …

Current Trends In Quarantine Entomology, Peter A. Follett, Lisa G. Neven

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

With world trade in agricultural commodities increasing, the introduction of exotic insects into new areas where they become pests will increase. The development and application of quarantine treatments or other mitigation approaches to prevent pest introduction in traded commodities raise many research and regulatory issues. The probit 9 standard for quarantine treatment efficacy has given way to risk-based alternatives. Varietal testing may have merit for some treatments or commodities but not for others. Development of generic treatments to control broad groups of insects or insects in all commodities can expedite new trade in agricultural products. Area-wide pest management programs lower …

Rna Polymerase Ii Gene (Rpb2) Encoding The Second Largest Protein Subunit In Phaeosphaeria Nodorum And P. Avenaria, Arkadiusz Malkus, Pi-Fang Linda Chang, Sabina M. Zuzga, Kuang-Ren Chung, Jonathan Shao, Barry M. Cunfer, Edward Arseniuk, Peter P. Ueng

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A 5586 bp sequence (accession no. DQ278491), which includes the RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2) encoding the second largest protein subunit (RPB2), was obtained from the wheat biotype Phaeosphaeria nodorum (PN-w) by PCR amplification. The 3841 bp full length RPB2 gene contains two exons and a 52 bp intron, and encodes a complete 1262 amino acid protein. Similar to the C-terminals of the b subunits of prokaryotes and yeast RNA polymerases, the deduced RPB2 protein contained many structural features needed for gene transcription. Based on the phylogenetic analysis with the deduced RPB2 polypeptide sequences, the PN-w was closely related to …

Comparison Of Three Alternative Ann Designs For Monthly Rainfall-Runoff Simulation, Jurgen D. Garbrecht

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The performance of three artificial neural network (ANN) designs that account differently for the effects of seasonal rainfall and runoff variations were investigated for monthly rainfall-runoff simulation on an 815 km² watershed in central Oklahoma. The ANN design that accounted explicitly for seasonal variations of rainfall and runoff performed best by all performance measures. Explicit representation of seasonal variations was achieved by use of a separate ANN for each calendar month. For the three ANN designs tested, a regression of simulated versus measured runoff displayed a slope slightly under 1 and positive intercept, pointing to a tendency of the …

Evaluating The Influence Of Storage Time, Sample-Handling Method, And Filter Paper On The Measurement Of Water-Extractable Phosphorus In Animal Manures, Kristen Baum, Gary Pierzynski, Peter Kleinman, John Kovar, Rory Maguire, Philip Moore, Tiequan Zhang

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Surface-applied manures create a potential phosphorus (P) runoff hazard, especially when unincorporated. In such cases, the concentration of water- extractable P in the manure has been correlated to soluble P concentrations in runoff. This study evaluated the influence of holding time, sample-handling procedure, and filtration method on measurement of the water-extractable P content of manures in a 3 ×3 ×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. A two-way interaction between holding time and sample-handling procedure occurred for most samples. Six samples had waterextractable P concentrations that were less than or equal to dried and dried/ground treatments. Only one sample had higher water-extractable …

Natural Abundance Of Foliar 15N As An Early Indicator Of Nitrogen Deficiency In Fertilized Cotton, S. Stamatiadis, C. Christofides, C. Tsadilas, V. Samaras, James S. Schepers

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Information on the contribution of various soil nitrogen (N) sources to plant N uptake is often needed for the implementation of sustainable or site-specific management practices in agriculture. Considering the limitations of traditional methods in meeting these needs, this study investigated the potential of leaf δ¹⁵N as an early indicator of nutrient deficiency in cotton. The spatial and temporal natural abundance of ¹⁵N was measured in the soil and leaves of a fertilized cotton field located near the village of Moschochori (Larissa, Greece). The isotopic signal of the leaves was interpreted in the context of the relative …

Spermatogenesis In The Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo): Quantitative Approach In Immature And Adult Males Subjected To Various Photoperiods, Jérôme Noirault, Jean-Pierre Brillard

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The objectives of this study were to identify and quantitate the germ cell populations of the testes in sexually mature male turkeys (Trial 1), determine the duration of meiosis based on BrdU labeling and stereological analyses (Trial 2), and examine the impact of various photoperiods on germinal and somatic cell populations in immature and adult males (Trial 3). In Trial 1, both testes within a male had similar stereological components (P > 0.05) for all parameters analyzed. In Trial 2, the duration of Type-1 spermatocytes and round spermatids in turkeys lasted 4.5 ± 0.5 and 2.0 ± 0.5 days, respectively. In …

Characterization Of Storage Proteins In Wild (Glycine Soja) And Cultivated (Glycine Max) Soybean Seeds Using Proteomic Analysis, Savithiry S. Natarajan, Chenping Xu, Hanhong Bae, Thomas J. Caperna, Wesley M. Garrett

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A combined proteomic approach was applied for the separation, identification, and comparison of two major storage proteins, β-conglycinin and glycinin, in wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated (Glycine max) soybean seeds. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) with three different immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips was an effective method to separate a large number of abundant and less-abundant storage proteins. Most of the subunits of β-conglycinin were well separated in the pH range 3.0-10.0, while acidic and basic glycinin polypeptides were well-separated in pH ranges 4.0-7.0 and 6.0-11.0, respectively. Although the overall distribution pattern of the protein spots …

Estrogenic Activity In The Environment: Municipal Wastewater Effluent, River, Ponds, And Wetlands, Nancy W. Shappell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Estrogenic activity of regional water samples was evaluated. Samples obtained from wetlands and ponds involved in various agricultural land uses, from three river sites over four seasons, and from municipal wastewater effluent held in storage lagoons were evaluated. The estrogen- responsive cell line MCF-7 BOS was used in the E-screen assay to determine 17β-estradiol equivalents (E₂ Eq) of water samples extracted by solid-phase extraction. Estrogenic activity in surrounding wetlands and ponds from different land uses was not different, with 10^-12 M E2 Eq (0.3 ppt). Estrogenic activity of Red River samples was within the same range as wetland–pond …

Net Global Warming Potential And Greenhouse Gas Intensity In Irrigated Cropping Systems In Northeastern Colorado, Arvin R. Mosier, Ardell D. Halvorson, Curtis A. Reule, Xuejun J. Liu

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The impact of management on global warming potential (GWP), crop production, and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in irrigated agriculture is not well documented. A no-till (NT) cropping systems study initiated in 1999 to evaluate soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential in irrigated agriculture was used in this study to make trace gas flux measurements for 3 yr to facilitate a complete greenhouse gas accounting of GWP and GHGI. Fluxes of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O were measured using static, vented chambers, one to three times per week, year round, from April 2002 through October 2004 …

Microarray Based Comparison Of Two Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Lineages, Scot E. Dowd, Hiroshi Ishizaki

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Background: Previous research has identified the potential for the existence of two separate lineages of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Clinical isolates tended to cluster primarily within one of these two lineages. To determine if there are virulence related genes differentially expressed between the two lineages we chose to utilize microarray technology to perform an initial screening.

Results: Using a 610 gene microarray, designed against the E. coli O157 EDL 933 transcriptome, targeting primarily virulence systems, we chose 3 representative Lineage I isolates (LI groups mostly clinical isolates) and 3 representative Lineage II isolates (LII groups mostly bovine isolates). Using standard dye …

Post-Weaning Performance Of Steers From Varying Calving And Weaning Strategies In Montana, E. E. Grings, W. A. Phillips, R. E. Short, H. Mayeux, R. K. Heitschmidt

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The impact of varied calving and weaning times on post-weaning production of steer calves was evaluated in a 3- yr study. Steers (approximately 12 steers per calving-weaning treatment per year) born in late winter or early spring were weaned at 190 or 240 d of age, and steers born in late spring were weaned at 140 or 190 d of age after grazing with their dams on native range. Steers were pen-fed a growing diet until approximately 375 kg BW. They were then moved to an individual feeding facility and fed a higher-energy diet. Steers were allotted to harvest dates …

Traps And Trapping Techniques For Adult Mosquito Control, Daniel L. Kline

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

An overview is presented of the recent advancements in research activities conducted to evaluate mosquito traps. insecticide-impregnated targets baited with combinations of attractants, and strategies for using mass trapping techniques for adult mosquito population management. Technologies that use semiochemicals (attractants). traps and targets. and mass trapping are relatively new for management of adult mosquito populations. To date. emphasis has been placed primarily on developing barriers of attractant-baited and insecticide-impregnated targets. The most successful continuous use of this type of technology has been at Stevens' Landing. Collier County. Florida, Recently. commercially available traps have been evaluated for their ability to reduce …

Suppression Of House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) In Florida Poultry Houses By Sustained Releases Of Muscidifurax Raptorellus And Spalangia Cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Christopher Geden, Jerome Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Weekly releases of Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan and Legner and Spalangia cameroni Perkins were made for 12 wk after house cleanouts in Florida pullet houses in either spring/summer (May-August) or fall (September-December). Releases were made by weekly placement of 62,500 and 85,000 pupae parasitized by M. raptorellus and S. cameroni, respectively, which produced an average of 79,049 and 32,841 adult female parasitoids per week. House fly (Musca domestica L.) pupal mortality, as measured by sentinel pupae, was about twice as high in the release house (40.2%) as in the two control houses (21.5 and 21.8%) in the summer release. …

Prevention Of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) And House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) From Entering Simulated Aircraft With Commercial Air Curtain Units, David A. Carlson, Jerome Hogsette, Daniel Kline, Chris D. Geden, Robert Vandermeer

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Commercially available air curtain units were used to create air barriers to prevent mosquitoes and house flies from entering a simulated aircraft doorway together with passengers. Two assemblies of simulated passenger bridge and aircraft were constructed, and airflow measurements were recorded to confirm airflow characteristics for several combinations of commercial units. Three mosquito species were selected for different host-seeking characteristics, and house flies were selected to represent a large, strong-flying insect. Batches of 20 or 200 insects of four species were released into the passenger bridge just before 25 persons passed through the assembly, then insects that entered the aircraft …

Genetic And Hybridization Evidence Confirms That A Geographic Population Of Gonatocerus Morrilli (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) From California Is A New Species: Egg Parasitoids Of The Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Homalodisca Coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), Jesse H. De León, Walker A. Jones, Mamoudou Sétamou, David J. W. Morgan

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

We investigated the differentiation and reproductive isolation among different geographic populations of Gonatocerus morrilli, egg parasitoids of the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata), to confirm previous observations that there may exist a cryptic species complex or a new species. Two mitochondrial genes [cytochrome oxidase subunits I (COI) and II (COII)] and the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) of several individuals per population were sequenced. G. morrilli populations from Texas (TX), Florida (FL), California (CA), and an outgroup (G. ashmeadi) were analyzed. For comparison, a population from Argentina (G. annulicornis) morphologically similar to G. …

Biotinylation Of K8 And K12 Co-Occurs With Acetylation And Mono-Methylation In Human Histone H4, Yap Ching Chew, Ashraf S. Raza, Gautam Sarath, Janos Zempleni

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Histones H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 are proteins that are critical for folding of DNA into chromatin. Posttranslational acetylation, methylation, and biotinylation of histones participate in gene silencing, mitotic condensation of chromatin, and the cellular response to DNA damage. Various modifications of histones are known to interact ("cross-talk") in chromatin-remodeling events; interactions may be synergistic or antagonistic. Here, we sought to identify biotinylation sites in human histone H4 by using mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and we sought to determine whether biotinylation co-exists with acetylation and methylation in the same H4 molecule. Nuclear histones from human lymphoid (Jurkat) cells were digested …

Slow Ligand Binding Kinetics Dominate Ferrous Hexacoordinate Hemoglobin Reactivities And Reveal Differences Between Plants And Other Species, Benoit J. Smagghe, Gautam Sarath, Emily Ross, Jean-Louis Hilbert, Mark S. Hargrove

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Hexacoordinate hemoglobins are found in many living organisms ranging from prokaryotes to plants and animals. They are named “hexacoordinate” because of reversible coordination of the heme iron by a histidine side chain located in the heme pocket. This endogenous coordination competes with exogenous ligand binding and causes multiphasic relaxation time courses following rapid mixing or flash photolysis experiments. Previous rapid mixing studies have assumed a steady-state relationship between hexacoordination and exogenous ligand binding that does not correlate with observed time courses for binding. Here, we demonstrate that this assumption is not valid for some hexacoordinate hemoglobins, and that multiphasic time …

Nutrient Uptake Of Maize Affected By Nitrogen And Potassium Fertility In A Humid Subtropical Environment, H. Arnold Bruns, M. Wayne Ebelhar

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertility management of maize (Zea mays L.) in the humid subtropical Mississippi Delta may differ from a temperate climate because of its use in rotation with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), soil temperatures rarely falling to 0 °C, and heavy winter rains that facilitate nutrient losses. An experiment to determine the [N] (concentration = [ ]), phosphorus [P], [K], calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], iron [Fe], manganese [Mn], zinc [Zn], and copper [Cu] and their total contents plant^-1 of maize grown in rotation with cotton, using N fertility levels of (134, 179, 224, 269, …

2006 Fall Seed Book, Nebraska Crop Improvement Association

Nebraska Crop Improvement Association Seed Guides

FOUNDATION SEED

WINTER WHEAT VARIETY CHARACTERISTICS - 2006

HARD RED WINTER WHEAT

HARD WHITE WINTER WHEAT

TRITICALE

LANDSCAPE QUALITY TURFGRASS SOD

TURFGRASSES

COOL-SEASON GRASSES

APPROVED SEED CONDITIONERS

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2006 NCIA MEMBERS

A Highly Efficient Transient Protoplast System For Analyzing Defence Gene Expression And Protein–Protein Interactions In Rice, Songbiao Chen, Lizen Tao, Lirong Zeng, Miguel E. Vega-Zanchez, Kenji Umemura, Guo-Liang Wang

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications

The transient assay system based on mesophyll or cultured cell-derived protoplasts has been exploited in several plant species and has become a powerful tool for rapid gene functional analysis and biochemical manipulations. However, the system has not been widely used in rice owing to the difficulties in large-scale isolation of viable rice protoplasts from leaves or suspension-cultured cells. Here, we describe a significantly improved method to isolate a large number of protoplasts from stem and sheath tissues of both young and mature plants. High-level coexpression of multiple constructs and efficient suppression of exogenous and endogenous genes were observed in the …

Trees And Ice Storms: The Development Of Ice Storm–Resistant Urban Tree Populations (Second Edition), Richard J. Hauer, Jeffrey O. Dawson, Les P. Werner

USDA Forest Service / UNL Faculty Publications

Severe ice storms occur every year in the United States and Canada, particularly in the midwestern and eastern regions of the United States. Along with fires and wind, ice storms are a frequent and major natural disturbance factor in eastern deciduous forests. Likewise ice storms are responsible for deaths and injuries of people and cause dramatic damage and tree loss to urban forests. Ice storms annually result in millions of dollars in loss, and potentially billions of dollars in losses for extreme and widespread ice storms. Damage to electric distribution systems, blocked roadways, and property damage from fallen trees and …