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Tactical Nitrogen Decisions For Wheat (And N Rates Trials), J. W. Bowden, R. J. Lunt

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 89NO77 (89NO76)

Location: Grass Valley.

History: 1984 Lupins.

1985/86 pasture legumes and about 100 kg super/ha.

1987 Wheat yield of 2.8 t/ha using 45 kg DAP/ha and 60 of urea 2-4 WAS.

1988 Gungurru lupins (27 kg/ha seed) yielding 1.9 t/ha using 80 kg super/ha.

Tactical nitrogen trials - summary of treatments required.

Trial 89NO77

Location: Meckering

Treatments existed of nitrogen and urea. Nitrogen was not applied at seeding. Urea was applied at seeding.

Trial 88No77

Tactical nitrogen trials. - summary of observations.

Location: Grass Valley.

Trial 89NO76

Hand harvest 23/11/1989.
Yield components for copper sufficient plots reps. I …

Biological Control Of Paterson's Curse, John Dodd, Bill Woods

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The long- delayed biological control programme for the weed Paterson's curse (Echium plantagineum) has begun with the release of the leaf mining moth (Dialectica scalariella)' an insect slightly bigger than a mosquito. Yhe caterpillar stage of the moth feeds inside the leaves, producing tunnels and chambers which damage the leaf.

The leaf mining moth has already become established in suitable areas. Although the familiar purple haze of Paterson's curse will continue to be seen for years to come, we expect that the leaf mining moth - and other agents yet to be released - will make it a more manageable …

The Queensland Fruit Fly Eradication Campaign, G P. Ayling

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Western Australia has started an extensive eradication campaign against the Queensland fruit fly, one of the worst horticultural pests in the world.

The programme, the largest of its kind in Australia, and one of the biggest in the world, involves the integration of three tequniques for fruit fly control: lure trapping, protien baiting and the release of sterile male flies.

Control Take-All And Gain Other Benefits Of Eliminating Grass From Ley Pastures By Chemical Manipulation, W J. Macleod, Gordon Macnish

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Take-all is the most serious root disease of wheat and barley in Western Australia.

The fungus which causes take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici) is wide spread throughout the wheatbelt but is most common in the high and medium rainfall regions (400mm to 750mm average annual rainfall, see map).

Elsewhere in the wheatbelt the presence of take-all affected cereal plants and the loss of crop yield may go unnoticed unless the roots of cereal plants are examined in detail.

Land Capability And Land Use In The Leeuwin-Naturaliste Region, Peter John Tille, Neil Lantzke

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Leeuwin-Naturaliste region is one of Western Australia's most beautiful areas. Located in the far south-west corner of the State, it is a popular scenis and tourist spot, as well as supporting grazing, horticultureal and viticultural enterprises.

Outside of perth the region is the most popular tourist destination in the state. It is also responsible for about a quarter of the State's milk production, and 15 percent of the state's potato production and a quarter of the State's wine grapes.

Many new agricultural enterprises have opened up in the past 15 years, and the population has increased by almost 40 …

The Effect Of Seed Origin And Seed Phosphorus On The Growth Of Lupins, M. M. Riley, M. D. Bolland, K. Adcock

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial: 89SC20

Location: South Carrabin Research Station, Hayden paddock.

The effects of superphosphate and fertilizer on seeds planted over a 21 week period.

Effect Of Seed Phosphorus, Seed Size And Seedling Density On The Growth Of Lupins., M. M. Riley, M. D. Bolland, K. Adcock

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 89SC22

Location: South Carrabin Research Station, Hayden paddock.

Effect of seed phosphorus concentration, fertilizer P level, seed size and seeding rate on plant counts at 6 to 21 weeks.

Irrigation And Fertilizer Management For Horticultural Crops On The Swan Coastal Plain, I R. Mcpharlin, Greg Luke

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The Swan Coastal Plain is an important area for the production of vegetables, flowers and fruits in Western Australia. The yellow Cottesloe, Karrakatta and the white-grey Bassendean Sands upon which most of this production is based are infertile in their natural state and require large inputs of fertilizer for succesful production of horticultural crops.

Improved irrigation and fertilizer management will be needed to reduce nutrient leaching from horticultural crops on the coastal plain. This will probably involve applying fertilizer and water more frequently, but in smaller quantaties thaan currently practiced. The result should more closely match water and fertilizer supply …

The Nitrogen Response Of Wheat Crops Following Lupins, I C. Rowland, Mel Mason, John Hamblin

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

One of the many benefitsof growing narrow-leaved lupins in a crop rotation (Rowland et al 1988) in the increased yield of the following cereal crop as a result of the improved nitrogen level of the soil.

This article reports the results from 41 wheat/lupin rotation trials involving a range of nitrogen rates throughout the Western Australian agricultural area between 1978 and 1987. These trials allowed scientists to assess the interaction of nitrogen fertilization with previous cropping history and to estimate some of the contribution of the nitrogen and other effects of lupins within the crop rotations. The results provide some …

Frost Injury To Wheat, S P. Loss

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Frost injury has not been a major concern to the Western Australian wheat industry despite causing spectacular but irregular crop losses on some farms.

The development of suitable herbicides, direct drilling technology and the adoption of early flowering varieties in the late 1970s and early 1980s led to wheat crops being sown and flowering earlier than previously. This resulted in an increase in the incidence of frost damage.

Research into frost indicates that most wheat producers face low to moderate risks of yield loss caused by frost. However, individual farms in particular years can suffer devestating widespread losses. Grost injury …

Flower : Predicting Flowering Times Of Cereal Crops, G A B Elliott, Stephen Loss

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

FLOWER is a computer program which predicts the flowering date of a given wheat or barley variety at a specified location and sowing date. Department of Agriculture agronomists, breeders and advisers are using the program to provide useful information on how the development of cereals responds to different environments across Western Australia's cereal growing areas.

Breeding Field Peas : Screening Pea Lines, G H. Walton

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The early use of field peas in Western Australia was as a green manure crop or to feed stock be grazing the mature crop. Varieties which produced a large bulk of green material were sown. There was no control over insects or diseases.

In 1985, the Feseral Government recognised that to realize the potential of grain legumes grown throughout Australia, more research was needed.

One of the Grain Legume Research Council's (GLRC) priorities is species evaluation and variety improvement.

Since 1983, the Western Australian Department of Agriculture has screened advanced crossbred lines from the South Australian breeding programme for its …

Barley Agronomy Experiments., K. L. Young

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 89E1, 89SG1, 89MT3

Barley variety x time of sowing trials.

Location: Esperance Downs Research Station, Salmon Gums Research Station, Mt Barker Research Station

To determine the optimum time of ear emergence for barley varieties which vary in maturity.

Trial 89ES2

Location: Melijinup Field Station

Barley variety x time of sowing trials

1. Assess the effect of aphids on the yield of barley at a range of sowing times.

2. Determine the optimum time of ear emergence for barley varieties which vary in maturity.

Trial 89E6

The effect of aphids on the yield of barley

Location: Esperance Downs Research Station. …

Trace Element Nutrition. Tissue Testing Programme 1989. Residual Value. Manganese Nutrition Of Lupins., R. F. Brennan

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Evaluation of existing diagnostic procedures for the recommendation of trace element fertilizers.

To compare the accuracy and reliability of a range of tissue and soil tests being variously promoted for use to farmers for the diagnosis and prognosis of zinc and copper deficiencies in wheat crops on Western Australian farms.

Trial 66N14

Long term copper residual trial at the Newdegate Research Station.

To determine the residual value of previously applied copper.

Location: Newdegate Research Station.

Trial 86N27

Residual value of zinc with high analysis nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer.

To determine the decline in effectiveness of zinc on this soil types …

Tactical Nitrogen Decisions For Wheat (And Nitrogen Sources Rates And Times On Wheat), J. W. Bowden, R. J. Lunt

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 89MO49

Location: Tenderloin, Brand Highway, Regan's Ford.

History:

1987 Aroona wheat with 70 kg DAP and 3 kg CuSO4 at seeding followed by 60 urea at 3WAS and another 40 urea at 6WAS. Yield was about 1.7 to 1.8 t/ha;
1988 Gungurru lupins with 120 kg super and manganese/ha yielded 1.9 t/ha. 350-400 ml Roundup/ha and one cultivation prior to seeding.

Potassium Nutrition Of Pastures On The Sandplain Soils Of Western Australia., Noeleen Edwards, M. Thomas

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Project: Potassium nutrition of pastures on the sandplain soils of Western Australia.

Determine the factors affecting the fate of native and applied potassium on sandplain soils.
Define current and residual response curve parameters for potassium applications. Develop recommendations for the economic management of soil potassium levels.

Trial 88B46, 88TS69, 89KO26

Maintenance application rates of potassium on sandplain soils.

Location: Badgingarra Research Station, new block, North Eneabba, Kojaneerup Research Block.

Trial 89BA24

Residual value of potassium on sandplain soils.

Location: Badgingarra Research Station

Trial 89MT46,

Potassium requirements of sub clover.

Location: Mt Barker Research Station.

Project: Potassium nutrition of lupins on …

Crop Establishment Strategies, Dpird

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Cereals, dry seeding, sowing at the break of the season, sowing three weeks after the break of the season, 89EB14. Pastures, cape tulip control, 88No114. Four o’clock control, 89Ka79. Glaucus thistle, 89Ka87. Matricaria control, 89ME48. Mexican poppy control, 89No97. Saffron thistle control, 89TS65, 89TS66. Saffron thistle demonstration, Geraldton.

Erosion Potential Of Phomopsis-Resistant Lupins, D J. Carter, Paul Findlater

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

During lupin harvesting, up to 20 per cent of the grain remains on the ground. This non-harvested or pilt grain is a valuable feed for sheep during early summer because the pods, leaf and stem generally provide little nutrient in the stubnbles. In addition, the more efficient the weed control, the less valuable are the stubbles.

The disease lupinosis caused by Phomopsis leptostromiformis restricts the amount of grazing from the lupin stubbles, and hence the risk of wind-erosion of stubble paddocks.

However, the introduction of lupin varieties moderately resistant to Phomopsis and with reduced potential to cause lupinosis means that …

The Effect On Farm Profit Of Conserving Stubble To Prevent Wind Erosion, A D. Bathgate

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Over-grazing of stubbles is a major cause of winf erosion on WesternAustralian farms. Stubble contributes to the 'roughness' of the paddock; as the roughness is reduced, the risk of winf erosion is increased.

The risk of lupinosis in sheep has previously reduced the likelihood of lupin stubble being over grazed, but the development of Gungurru, a phomopsis-resistent variety of lupin, has increased the potential for over-grazing and hence the probability of wind erosion.

This article describes the economic benefit (or cost) of conserving stubble at the conservation standards.

Leaf Diseases Of Wheat And Time Of Sowing, J M. Wilson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Leaf diseases of wheat can be avoided by delaying the planting of a crop, but this often leads to reduced yield because the benefits of early sowing usually outweigh anylosses caused by leaf disease.

However, it is only in exceptional circumstances that farmers need to consider leaf disease when making decisions about planting date, as this article shows. Most examples are taken from department of Agriculture trials in its northern advisory region, but the principals apply to other agricultural areas.

Planning For Horticultural Expansion On The Swan Coastal Plain, P Coghlan, Geoff Moore, Jim Dixon

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Horticulture is an intensive, high value form of agriculture highly dependant on the availability of good water supplies for the year-round production of fresh produce. Production increase in Western Australia and the encouragement and development of export markets has caused rapid expansion if the industry in recent years.

Expansion is expected to continue, placing severe pressure on available water supplies and suitable land close to markets. At present' 90 per cent of the Stase's horticultural land is on the Swan Coastal Plain and minor selected hills areas around Perth.

Nitrogenous Fertilisers For Cereals In Different Rotations. Results From 1989 Trials., I. Rowland, M. G. Mason

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 78BA1

Nitrogen fertiliser requirement in alternate crop - pasture rotation.

Location: Badgingarra Research Station.

Trial 88B4

Effect of amount and quality of organic matter residues on response to N.

Location: Badgingarra Research Station.

Trial 86WH36, 86M44

Lupin/wheat rotation.

Location: Wongan Hills Research Station, Carrabin Research Station.

Trail 87N084, 86M39, 86ME64, 87N25, 87KA49

Pea/wheat rotation.

Location: Konnongorring, Merredin Research Station, Narembeen, Newdegate Research Station, Nyabing,

Phosphate Nutrition Of Burr Medic And Yellow Serradella., Blakely Paynter

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 89ME50, 89ME51, 89ME53, 88ME55, 89ME56

Location: Mutadgin, Doodlakine, Noongar, Mt Hampton, Nungarin

Compare the response of burr medic to topdressed P with the response of wheat to drilled P.

Trial 89ME52, 89ME54

Location: Noongar, Mt. Hampton.

Compare the response of burr medic to topdressed P with the response of wheat to drilled P.
Measure the response of burr medic pasture to applied potash.

Trial 89ME59

Location: Beacon

Compare the response of yellow serradella to topdressed P with the response of wheat to drilled P.

Trial 89ME60, 89ME61

Location: Muntadgin

Compare the response of yellow serradella to topdressed P with …

Effect Of Seed Origin And Seed Phosphorus On The Growth Of Lupins., M. M. Riley, M. D. Bolland, K. Adcock

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial: 89BA29

Location: Badgingarra Research Station, Paddock 4A2, old block.

Lupin cv. Gungurru sieved to uniform size and sown without inoculation. No basal fertilizers were applied as the soil had previously been treated with high rates of superphosphate, micro-nutrients and potassium. Muriate of potash topdressed on 18/8/89 at 100 kg/ha.

Influence Of Soil Acidity On Cereals And Acidification Rates., P. J. Dolling

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Soil acidity and the availability of nitrogen to cereals.

To determine the extra nitrogen available due to better pasture legume growth after liming.
To determine the extra nitrogen released from soil organic matter after liming.

Trial 89NO81

Location: South Cunderdin.

Trial 89NO82

Location: Cunderdin

Trial 89NO83

Location: Konnongorring.

Trial 89NO84

Location: Jennacubbine.

Trial 88AL35

Location: Woogenellup.

Trial 88TS54

Location: Three Springs.

Trial 88NO76

Location: Goomalling.

Trial 88NO77

Location: Ejanding.

Tactical Nitrogen Decisions For Wheat, J. W. Bowden, R. J. Lunt

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 88MO41, 88WH40 (2CE), 88WH40 (4W), 89NO77, 89MO47, 89MO47, 89MO49, 89BA33 (1), 89BA33 (2), 89WH70 (1), 89WH70 (2)

Locations: Wannamal, WHRS, Grass Valley, Regan's Ford, Badg. New Block 3CE

In order to test tactical and other fertilizer decision making methods (Table 1), we carried out three trials in 1988 and a further seven trials in 1989 (Table 2).

To date this programme has provided a lot of information which can be used to test and validate current (and future) methods of predicting yield potential and nitrogen status of a crop as the season progresses. However, our inability to predict end …

Seed Phosphorus In Cereals And Lupins., R W. Bell

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Experiment 89SC21, effect of seed origin and seed phosphorus on growth of wheat.

Experiment 89SC23, effect of seed phosphorus, seed size and seeding density on the growth of wheat at two soil P levels.

Experiment 89GL32, effect of solution P supply on the early growth and nodulation of lupins grown from seed with three levels of P.

Experiment 89GL33, effect of soil P supply on the early growth and nodulation of lupins.

Experiment 89SC20, effect of seed origin and seed phosphorus on growth of lupins.

Long Season Wheat Production On The South Coast Of Western Australia., W R. Smith, A P. Webster

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Fungicide, time of sowing, wheat variety. Time of sowing, wheat variety, 89AL3, 89ES3, 89JE1, 89KO3. Wheat phenology, 89E5, 89MT8. Aphid control, time of sowing, wheat variety, 89E3, 89MT5.

Rangeland Surveys : A Basis For Improved Land Use, P J. Curry, Alan Payne

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In mis 1988, the Department of Agriculture started a three-year programme to assist pastoralists in the Murchison River catchment to update land management planning of their stations. This Project, which is funded by the National Soil Conservation Program, will use interim results from a recent rangeland survey which has investigated and mapped the grazing recources throughout the region.

Elsewhere in Western Australia's pastoral areas, information on the productive potential of each area - and the management problems inherent for each class of land - are being used to help pastoral managers of Soil Conservation Districts rehabilitate degraded areas. This information …

Nitrogenous Fertilizers For Cereals., M. G. Mason

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87CI

Rates of nitrogen on continuous wheat on heavier land.
Location: North Mullewa Research Station.

Trial 80WH3, 80MI, 80N3.

Effects of Agras No. 1 on soil pH and wheat yield.
Location: Wongan Hills Research Station, Merredin Research Station, Newdegate Research Station.

Trial 78WH3

Effect of stubble treatment on nitrogen fertilizer requirement.
Location: Wongan Hills Research Station.

Trial 89WH18

Effect of banding sources of nitrogen on grain yield.
Location: Wongan Hills Research Station.

Trial 89M2 (a)

Nitrification of sources of nitrogen on heavy soil.
Location: Merredin Research Station.

Trial 89M2 (b)

Nitrification of sources of nitrogen on heavy soil.
Location: …