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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
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Absolute Quantification Of Gene Expression In Individual Bacterial Cells Using Two-Photon Fluctuation Microscopy, Matthew L. Ferguson, Dominique Le Coq, Matthieu Jules, Stéphane Aymerich, Nathalie Declerck, Catherine A. Royer
Absolute Quantification Of Gene Expression In Individual Bacterial Cells Using Two-Photon Fluctuation Microscopy, Matthew L. Ferguson, Dominique Le Coq, Matthieu Jules, Stéphane Aymerich, Nathalie Declerck, Catherine A. Royer
Matthew L. Ferguson
Quantification of promoter activity or protein expression in gene regulatory networks is generally achieved via measurement of fluorescent protein (FP) intensity, which is related to the true FP concentration by an unknown scaling factor, thereby limiting analysis and interpretation. Here, using approaches originally developed for eukaryotic cells, we show that two-photon (2p) fluorescence fluctuation microscopy, specifically scanning number and brightness (sN&B) analysis, can be applied to determine the absolute concentrations of diffusing FPs in live bacterial cells. First, we demonstrate the validity of the approach, despite the small size of the bacteria, using the central pixels and spatial averaging. We …
Meteorological Conditions At Racetrack Playa, Death Valley National Park: Implications For Rock Production And Transport, Ralph D. Lorenz, Brian K. Jackson, Jason W. Barnes, Joseph N. Spitale, Jani Radebaugh, Kevin H. Baines
Meteorological Conditions At Racetrack Playa, Death Valley National Park: Implications For Rock Production And Transport, Ralph D. Lorenz, Brian K. Jackson, Jason W. Barnes, Joseph N. Spitale, Jani Radebaugh, Kevin H. Baines
Brian Jackson
Three decades of weather records at meteorological stations near Death Valley National Park are analyzed in an attempt to gauge the frequency of conditions that might form and erase the famous trails of wind-blown rocks in the mud of Racetrack Playa. Trail formation requires the playa to be wet, followed by strong winds and/or freezing conditions. Weather records are compared with a limited set of meteorological data that were acquired in situ at the playa over three winters and that indicate freezing on 50, 29, and 15 nights during the winters of 2007/08–09/10, respectively, as well as with the hydrological …
Self-Assembly On (111)-Oriented Iii-V Surfaces, Paul J. Simmonds, Minjoo Larry Lee
Self-Assembly On (111)-Oriented Iii-V Surfaces, Paul J. Simmonds, Minjoo Larry Lee
Paul J. Simmonds
We demonstrate the self-assembly of tensile strained GaP into three-dimensional dots on GaAs(111)A. Size and areal density of the dislocation-free GaPdots are readily tunable with both substrate temperature and deposition thickness. GaP dot growth obeys island scaling theory, allowing us to predict dot size distributions a priori.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy Approach To The Graphitization Of Gaas(100) Surfaces, Paul J. Simmonds, John Simon, Jerry M. Woodall, Minjoo Larry Lee
Molecular Beam Epitaxy Approach To The Graphitization Of Gaas(100) Surfaces, Paul J. Simmonds, John Simon, Jerry M. Woodall, Minjoo Larry Lee
Paul J. Simmonds
The authors present a method for obtaining graphitized carbon on GaAs(100) surfaces. Carbon-doped GaAs is grown by molecular beam epitaxy before controlled thermal etching within the growth chamber. An AlAs layer beneath the carbon-doped GaAs acts as a thermal etch stop. As the GaAs is etched away, the carbondopant atoms remain on the surface due to their low vapor pressure. The total number of carbon atoms available is precisely controllable by the doping density and thickness of the carbon-doped GaAs layer. Characteristic phonon modes in Raman spectra from the thermally etchedsurfaces show that the residual surfacecarbon atoms form sp2 …
Molecular Beam Epitaxy Of Metamorphic InYGa1−YP Solar Cells On Mixed Anion GaasXP1−X/Gaas Graded Buffers, Stephanie Tomasulo, John Simon, Paul J. Simmonds, Jonathan Biagiotti, Minjoo L. Lee
Molecular Beam Epitaxy Of Metamorphic InYGa1−YP Solar Cells On Mixed Anion GaasXP1−X/Gaas Graded Buffers, Stephanie Tomasulo, John Simon, Paul J. Simmonds, Jonathan Biagiotti, Minjoo L. Lee
Paul J. Simmonds
The authors have grown metamorphic InyGa1−yP on optimized GaAsxP1−x/GaAs graded buffers via solid source molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) for multijunction solar cell applications. In this work, the authors show that a previously developed kinetic growth model can be used to predict the composition of mixed anion GaAsxP1−x alloys on GaAs as a function of substrate temperature and group-V flux. The advantages of using a high growth temperature of 700 °C are then described, including the minimized dependence of composition on small temperature variations, a linear dependence of film composition on …
Graphitized Carbon On Gaas(100) Substrates, J. Simon, P. J. Simmonds, J. M. Woodall, M. L. Lee
Graphitized Carbon On Gaas(100) Substrates, J. Simon, P. J. Simmonds, J. M. Woodall, M. L. Lee
Paul J. Simmonds
We report on the formation of graphitized carbon on GaAs(100) surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy. We grew highly carbon-doped GaAs on AlAs, which was then thermally etched in situ leaving behind carbon atoms on the surface. After thermal etching, Raman spectra revealed characteristic phonon modes for sp2-bonded carbon, consistent with the formation of graphitic crystallites. We estimate that the graphitic crystallites are 1.5–3 nm in size and demonstrate that crystallite domain size can be increased through the use of higher etch temperatures.
Metamorphic Gaasp Buffers For Growth Of Wide-Bandgap Ingap Solar Cells, J. Simon, S. Tomasulo, P. J. Simmonds, M. Romero, M. L. Lee
Metamorphic Gaasp Buffers For Growth Of Wide-Bandgap Ingap Solar Cells, J. Simon, S. Tomasulo, P. J. Simmonds, M. Romero, M. L. Lee
Paul J. Simmonds
GaAsxP1−x graded buffers were grown via solid source molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) to enable the fabrication of wide-bandgap InyGa1−yP solar cells. Tensile-strained GaAsxP1−x buffers grown on GaAs using unoptimized conditions exhibited asymmetric strain relaxation along with formation of faceted trenches, 100–300 nm deep, running parallel to the [011] direction. We engineered a 6 μm thick grading structure to minimize the faceted trench density and achieve symmetric strain relaxation while maintaining a threading dislocation density of ≤106 cm−2. In comparison, compressively-strained graded GaAsxP1−x buffers on …
Ice Rafts Not Sails: Floating The Rocks At Racetrack Playa, Ralph D. Lorenz, Brian K. Jackson, Jason W. Barnes, Joe Spitale, John M. Keller
Ice Rafts Not Sails: Floating The Rocks At Racetrack Playa, Ralph D. Lorenz, Brian K. Jackson, Jason W. Barnes, Joe Spitale, John M. Keller
Brian Jackson
We suggest that the existence of many of the rock-carved trails at Racetrack Playa in Death Valley National Park is predominantly due to the effect of arbitrarily weak winds on rocks that are floated off the soft bed by small rafts of ice, as also occurs in arctic tidal beaches to form boulder barricades. These ice cakes need not have a particularly large surface area if the ice is adequately thick—the ice cakes allow the rocks to move by buoyantly reducing the reaction and friction forces at the bed, not by increasing the wind drag. The parameter space of ice …