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Articles 2491 - 2520 of 2547
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On The Electrochemical Etching Of Tips For Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Nancy Burnham, J. Ibe, P. Bey Jr., S. Brandow, R. Brizzolara, D. Dilella, K. Lee, C. K. Marrian, R. Colton
On The Electrochemical Etching Of Tips For Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Nancy Burnham, J. Ibe, P. Bey Jr., S. Brandow, R. Brizzolara, D. Dilella, K. Lee, C. K. Marrian, R. Colton
Nancy A. Burnham
The sharpness of tips used in scanning tunneling microscopy(STM) is one factor which affects the resolution of the STM image. In this paper, we report on a direct‐current (dc) drop‐off electrochemicaletching procedure used to sharpen tips for STM. The shape of the tip is dependent on the meniscus which surrounds the wire at the air–electrolyte interface. The sharpness of the tip is related to the tensile strength of the wire and how quickly the electrochemical reaction can be stopped once the wire breaks. We have found that the cutoff time of the etch circuit has a significant effect on the …
Atomistic Mechanisms And Dynamics Of Adhesion, Nanoindentation, And Fracture, Nancy Burnham, Uzi Landman, Wd Luedtke, Richard Colton
Atomistic Mechanisms And Dynamics Of Adhesion, Nanoindentation, And Fracture, Nancy Burnham, Uzi Landman, Wd Luedtke, Richard Colton
Nancy A. Burnham
Molecular dynamics simulations and atomic force microscopy are used to investigate the atomistic mechanisms of adhesion, contact formation, nanoindentation, separation, and fracture that occur when a nickel tip interacts with a gold surface. The theoretically predicted and experimentally measured hysteresis in the force versus tip-to-sample distance relationship, found upon approach and subsequent separation of the tip from the sample, is related to inelastic deformation of the sample surface characterized by adhesion of gold atoms to the nickel tip and formation of a connective neck of atoms. At small tipsample distances, mechanical instability causes the tip and surface to jump-to-contact, which …
Probing The Surface Forces Of Monolayer Films With An Atomic-Force Microscope, Nancy Burnham, Dawn Dominguez, Robert Mowery, Richard Colton
Probing The Surface Forces Of Monolayer Films With An Atomic-Force Microscope, Nancy Burnham, Dawn Dominguez, Robert Mowery, Richard Colton
Nancy A. Burnham
Using an atomic force microscope (AFM), we have studied the attractive and adhesive forces between a cantilever tip and sample surfaces as a function of sample surface energy. The measured forces systematically increased with surface energy. The AFM is very sensitive; changes in the surface forces (i.e., attraction and adhesion) of monolayer covered samples could be clearly discerned when only the surface group of the monolayer film was changed from -CH3 to -CF3.
New .Mu.2-S2--Coupled, Singly Bridged Double Cubane With The [(Fe4s4cl3)2s]4- Core. The Stepwise Synthesis And Structural Characterization Of (N-Bu4n)2(Ph4p)2[(Fe4s4cl3)2s], Paul Challen, Sang Koo, W. Dunham, D. Coucouvanis
New .Mu.2-S2--Coupled, Singly Bridged Double Cubane With The [(Fe4s4cl3)2s]4- Core. The Stepwise Synthesis And Structural Characterization Of (N-Bu4n)2(Ph4p)2[(Fe4s4cl3)2s], Paul Challen, Sang Koo, W. Dunham, D. Coucouvanis
Paul R. Challen
No abstract provided.
Infrared Spectroelectrochemical Measurements Of The Electrochemical Double Layer: Using Carbon Monoxide As A Double Layer Probe Molecule, Andrea Russell, Stanley Pons, Mark Anderson
Infrared Spectroelectrochemical Measurements Of The Electrochemical Double Layer: Using Carbon Monoxide As A Double Layer Probe Molecule, Andrea Russell, Stanley Pons, Mark Anderson
Mark R. Anderson
The utility of infrared spectroelectrochemical measurements to provide information about the electrochemical interface has been previously demonstrated. The use of small adsorbate molecules as probes of the interface has only recently been investigated. The infrared spectroscopic behavior of adsorbed carbon monoxide in the presence of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, and ethylene glycol as well as in alcohol/water binary solvent mixtures is presented. Changes in the Stark tuning rate for the adsorbed CO are correlated with solvent dipole reorganization in methanol, ethanol, and n-propanol. No change was observed for ethylene glycol or isopropanol. For the binary mixtures, a dramatic change in …
Structure-Energy Relations For The Aldol Reaction In Nonpolar Media., Edward Arnett, Franklin Fisher, Michael Nichols, Anthony Ribeiro
Structure-Energy Relations For The Aldol Reaction In Nonpolar Media., Edward Arnett, Franklin Fisher, Michael Nichols, Anthony Ribeiro
Michael A Nichols
No abstract provided.
The Vcl Hypothesis Revisited: Patterns Of Femoral Morphology Among Quadrupedal And Saltatorial Prosimian Primates, Robert Anemone
The Vcl Hypothesis Revisited: Patterns Of Femoral Morphology Among Quadrupedal And Saltatorial Prosimian Primates, Robert Anemone
Robert L. Anemone
The descriptive and functional morphology of the postcranium of the vertical clinging and leaping prosimians is of great interest in both adaptational and phylogenetic studies of extant and extinct primates. An analysis of patterns of femoral morphology among quadrupedal and saltatory living prosimians indicates the presence of at least two, and possibly three, distinct femoral adaptations to the demands of an arboreal, saltatory existence. Osteological measurements were taken on 277 postcranial skeletons representing eight prosimian families, with skeletal trunk length (Biegert and Maurer, Folia Primatol. 17:142–156, 1972) used as an estimator of body size in both bivariate and multivariate (discriminant …
Efficient Application Of The Schauder-Tychonoff Theorem To Systems Of Functional Differential Equations, William F. Trench
Efficient Application Of The Schauder-Tychonoff Theorem To Systems Of Functional Differential Equations, William F. Trench
William F. Trench
No abstract provided.
A Note On A Toeplitz Inversion Formula, William F. Trench
A Note On A Toeplitz Inversion Formula, William F. Trench
William F. Trench
No abstract provided.
Stepwise Synthesis And Structural Characterization Of The Molybdenum-Iron-Sulfur {[Mofe3s4cl2(Cl4cat)]2(.Mu.2-S)2}6- And {[Mofe3s4cl2(Cl4cat)]2(.Mu.2-S)(.Mu.2-Oh}5- Doubly Bridged Double Cubanes Obtained By The Coupling Of [Mofe3s4] Clusters, Dimitri Coucouvanis, Paul Challen, Sang Koo, W. Davis, W. Butler, W. Dunham
Stepwise Synthesis And Structural Characterization Of The Molybdenum-Iron-Sulfur {[Mofe3s4cl2(Cl4cat)]2(.Mu.2-S)2}6- And {[Mofe3s4cl2(Cl4cat)]2(.Mu.2-S)(.Mu.2-Oh}5- Doubly Bridged Double Cubanes Obtained By The Coupling Of [Mofe3s4] Clusters, Dimitri Coucouvanis, Paul Challen, Sang Koo, W. Davis, W. Butler, W. Dunham
Paul R. Challen
No abstract provided.
Thermochemistry Of A Structurally Defined Aldol Reaction., Edward Arnett, Franklin Fisher, Michael Nichols, Anthony Ribeiro
Thermochemistry Of A Structurally Defined Aldol Reaction., Edward Arnett, Franklin Fisher, Michael Nichols, Anthony Ribeiro
Michael A Nichols
No abstract provided.
The Activation Of Carbon-Fluorine Bonds By Oxidative Addition At Tungsten(O): An Electrochemical Study, Andrea Russell, Carolyn Osterberg, Daniel Blackwood, Mark Anderson, Thomas Richmond, Stanley Pons
The Activation Of Carbon-Fluorine Bonds By Oxidative Addition At Tungsten(O): An Electrochemical Study, Andrea Russell, Carolyn Osterberg, Daniel Blackwood, Mark Anderson, Thomas Richmond, Stanley Pons
Mark R. Anderson
We have investigated the anodic oxidation reactions of W(CO)4Et,F5 (I), where Et,F5 is the ligand N,N'-bis(pentafluorophenylidine)ethylenediamine, by cyclic voltammetry and infrared spectroelectrochemistry. The results in both acetonitrile and methylene chloride indicate an ece type mechanism, with the product of the first electron transfer stabilized by the more coordinating solvent.
Rigidity Percolation, Anthony Day, M. Thorpe, W. Xia
Rigidity Percolation, Anthony Day, M. Thorpe, W. Xia
Anthony Roy Day
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of Solvent Type On The Infrared Spectrum Of Carbon Monoxide Adsorbed At Platinum Electrodes, Mark Anderson, Daniel Blackwood, Thomas Richmond, Stanley Pons
The Effect Of Solvent Type On The Infrared Spectrum Of Carbon Monoxide Adsorbed At Platinum Electrodes, Mark Anderson, Daniel Blackwood, Thomas Richmond, Stanley Pons
Mark R. Anderson
The infrared spectrum of CO adsorbed on a platinum electrode from several solvents was investigated. In N-methylformamide, acetonitrile, and 1,2-dichloroethane, the infrared band attributed to linearly bonded CO had experimental Stark tuning rates of 20 cm−1/V, 22 cm−1/V, and 19 cm−1/V, respectively. For each of these solvents, the potential dependence of the band position was found to be linear for the entire potential range investigated. When methanol was the solvent, the plot of the band position versus potential had three distinctly linear portions, each with a different value for the slope. The behavior is explained in terms of the ability …
The Behavior Of The Infrared Spectrum Of Carbon Monoxide Adsorbed At Platinum Electrodes From Non-Aqueous Solvents, Mark Anderson, Daniel Blackwood, Stanley Pons
The Behavior Of The Infrared Spectrum Of Carbon Monoxide Adsorbed At Platinum Electrodes From Non-Aqueous Solvents, Mark Anderson, Daniel Blackwood, Stanley Pons
Mark R. Anderson
Electrochemical oxidation of vanadium hexacarbonyl anion, V(Co)6 in aprotic solvents results in formation of the V(0) complex which decomposes to form CO in high concentrations next to the electrode surface. As a result, CO is more rapidly adsorbed on the surface than by conventional methods. Surface reflection infrared spectroscopy shows that the potential dependent frequency shift for the infrared active bands due to CO adsorbed on platinum is 19 cm−1/V in 1,2-dichloroethane and 22 cm−1/V in acetonitrile, which are considerably less than the 30 cm−1/V observed in aqueous systems.
Systems Of Functional Differential Equations With Asymptotically Constant Solutions, William F. Trench, T. Kusano
Systems Of Functional Differential Equations With Asymptotically Constant Solutions, William F. Trench, T. Kusano
William F. Trench
No abstract provided.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Study Of The Effect Of Electrode Potential And Solution Ph Upon The Interfacial Behavior Of 4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde, Mark Anderson, Dennis Evans
Surface-Enhanced Raman Study Of The Effect Of Electrode Potential And Solution Ph Upon The Interfacial Behavior Of 4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde, Mark Anderson, Dennis Evans
Mark R. Anderson
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra were obtained at a silver electrode in aqueous solutions at potentials from -0.2 to -0.6 V vs SCE and pH 1-7. The forms of 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde that are adsorbed parallel those present in solution. In particular, the fraction of adsorbed species that is protonated at -0.2 V varies with pH in a manner almost identical with the fraction that is protonated in bulk solution. The protonated compound exists almost completely in the hydrated form (gem-diol) in the interface just as it does in solution. At a given pH, the fraction protonated on the surface increases as …
A Calculation Of The Deuteron As A Biskyrmion, Alec Schramm, Yossef Dothan, L. Beidenharn
A Calculation Of The Deuteron As A Biskyrmion, Alec Schramm, Yossef Dothan, L. Beidenharn
Alec J Schramm
No abstract provided.
Electron Beam Effects In The Analysis Of Compound Semiconductors And Devices, Nancy Burnham, Ll Kazmerski, Ab Swartzlander, Aj Nelson, Se Asher
Electron Beam Effects In The Analysis Of Compound Semiconductors And Devices, Nancy Burnham, Ll Kazmerski, Ab Swartzlander, Aj Nelson, Se Asher
Nancy A. Burnham
The effects of electron beams on the analysis of CuInSe2surfaces are examined in this paper. Potential changes in the surface chemistry—including oxidation and desorption—under a range of incident probe conditions, are investigated for possible artifactual information generation. Emphasis is placed on the relationships between beam conditions and oxygen chemisorption and physisorption, since oxygen treatments of devices utilizing this semiconductor are critical to performance. Single crystals and polycrystalline thin films are analyzed and compared to establish the beam‐induced phenomena.
Electrochemical Reduction Of 1,1,4,4-Tetraphenylbutatriene, Tsu-Yu Chen, Mark Anderson, Dennis Peters
Electrochemical Reduction Of 1,1,4,4-Tetraphenylbutatriene, Tsu-Yu Chen, Mark Anderson, Dennis Peters
Mark R. Anderson
Polarograms and cyclic voltammograms for reduction of 1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutatriene at mercury electrodes in dimethylformamide containing tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate exhibit four waves; the first and second waves are due to stepwise formation of the radical anion and dianion of the starting material, whereas the third and fourth waves are attributable to reduction of 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,2-butadiene and 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1-butene, respectively. Electrolysis of 1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutatriene at potentials corresponding to the second wave yields 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene exclusively; at a slightly more negative potential, the latter undergoes reduction to 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1-butene. When 1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutatriene is electrolyzed in the presence of glacial acetic acid and at any potential on the first or second wave, …
Electrochemical Reduction Of Phenylpropadiene At Mercury Cathodes In Dimethylformamide: Isomerization Of The Allene To 1-Phenyl-1-Propyne, Tsu-Yu Chen, Mark Anderson, Steven Grossman, Dennis Peters
Electrochemical Reduction Of Phenylpropadiene At Mercury Cathodes In Dimethylformamide: Isomerization Of The Allene To 1-Phenyl-1-Propyne, Tsu-Yu Chen, Mark Anderson, Steven Grossman, Dennis Peters
Mark R. Anderson
Polarograms and cyclic voltammograms exhibit two waves for reduction of phenylpropadiene at a mercury electrode in dimethylformamide containing tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate, the f i t wave signals reduction of phenylpropadiene to 1-phenyl-1-propene and the second wave is attributable to reduction of 1-phenyl-1-propene to 1-phenylpropane. However, the fmt wave is abnormally small because phenylpropadiene undergoes substantial rearrangement to 1-phenyl-1-propyne, which is reducible to 1-phenylpropane at nearly the same potential as 1-phenyl-1-propene. Controlled-potential electrolyses of phenylpropadiene, 1-phenyl-1-propene, and 1-phenyl-1-propyne at mercury pool cathodes have verified the processes elucidated by means of polarography and cyclic voltammetry. In the presence of diethyl malonate (a proton …
Global Existence Of Nonoscillatory Solutions Of Perturbed General Disconjugate Equations, William F. Trench, T. Kusano
Global Existence Of Nonoscillatory Solutions Of Perturbed General Disconjugate Equations, William F. Trench, T. Kusano
William F. Trench
No abstract provided.
Existence And Nonoscillation Theorems For An Emden-Fowler Equation With Deviating Argument, William F. Trench
Existence And Nonoscillation Theorems For An Emden-Fowler Equation With Deviating Argument, William F. Trench
William F. Trench
No abstract provided.
Auger Analysis Of Si–H Bonding And Hydrogen Concentration In Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon, Nancy Burnham, Aj Nelson, Ab Schwartzlander, Se Asher, Ll Kazmerski
Auger Analysis Of Si–H Bonding And Hydrogen Concentration In Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon, Nancy Burnham, Aj Nelson, Ab Schwartzlander, Se Asher, Ll Kazmerski
Nancy A. Burnham
Auger electron spectroscopy line‐shape analysis of the Si‐L 2 3 V V peak has been performed on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H). Both a‐Si:H produced by hydrogen implantation of siliconsingle crystals (for analytical standards) and thin films (fabricated for solar cell applications) were examined in these studies. Hydrogen concentrations were confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry, and samples having hydrogen content over the range 101 6–102 2 cm− 3 were evaluated. Correlations between the area under the deconvoluted L 2 3 V V transition peak and the known hydrogen content have resulted in a semiquantitative method of determining hydrogen concentration using …
Scanning Auger Microprobe Studies Of Ball Cratered Cds/Cuinse2 Solar Cells, Nancy Burnham, Ll Levenson, Rj Matson, R Noufi, Ll Kazmerski
Scanning Auger Microprobe Studies Of Ball Cratered Cds/Cuinse2 Solar Cells, Nancy Burnham, Ll Levenson, Rj Matson, R Noufi, Ll Kazmerski
Nancy A. Burnham
CdS/CuInSe2solar cell films are typically several micrometers thick. Composition profiles of these films are usually carried out on fracture cross sections by scanning Auger microscopy or by recording Auger spectra during ion milling. For fracture cross sections, the depth resolution depends on the electron beam diameter and the roughness of the fracture surface. Ion milling is time consuming, and artifacts are caused by ion beam faceting. Ball cratering requires only a fraction of an hour and provides significant magnification of the film cross section. There is sufficient contrast, both in optical and electron microscopy, to distinguish between CdS and CuInSe2 …
Improvement Of Trace Aluminum Determination By Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Using Phosphoric Acid, Chris Craney, Kurt Swartout, F. Smith, C. West
Improvement Of Trace Aluminum Determination By Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Using Phosphoric Acid, Chris Craney, Kurt Swartout, F. Smith, C. West
Chris L. Craney
No abstract provided.
Electrochemical Reduction Of Alkyl Halides At Vitreous Carbon Cathodes In Dimethylformamide, James Cleary, Mohammed Mubarak, Kenneth Viera, Mark Anderson, Dennis Peters
Electrochemical Reduction Of Alkyl Halides At Vitreous Carbon Cathodes In Dimethylformamide, James Cleary, Mohammed Mubarak, Kenneth Viera, Mark Anderson, Dennis Peters
Mark R. Anderson
At vitreous carbon electrodes in dimethylformamide which contains tetramethylammonium perchlorate, cyclic voltammograms for 1-iododecane, 1-bromodecane, and 2-bromooctane consist of one irreversible reduction wave signaling formation of the alkyl carbanion, whereas voltammograms for 2-iodooctane, t-butyl bromide, and t-butyl iodide reveal stepwise generation of the alkyl radical and carbanion. Large-scale electrolysis of 1-iododecane at reticulated vitreous carbon yields decane, eicosane, 1-decene, and 1-decanol; the first two compounds arise, respectively, from reaction of decyl carbanions with a proton donor and with unreduced alkyl iodide, whereas the last two species are produced via chemical attack of hydroxide ion on 1-iododecane. Reduction of 1-bromodecane results …
Electrochemistry Of 1,1,4,4-Tetraphenyl-1,3-Butadiene, 1,1,4,4-Tetraphenyl-1,2-Butadiene, And 1,1,4,4-Tetraphenyl-1-Butene In Dimethylformamide, Tsu-Yu Chen, Mark Anderson, Dennis Peters
Electrochemistry Of 1,1,4,4-Tetraphenyl-1,3-Butadiene, 1,1,4,4-Tetraphenyl-1,2-Butadiene, And 1,1,4,4-Tetraphenyl-1-Butene In Dimethylformamide, Tsu-Yu Chen, Mark Anderson, Dennis Peters
Mark R. Anderson
In dimethylformamide containing tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate, 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1-butene exhibits a single polarographic wave; preparative-scale reduction of the starting material produces 1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutane.A polarogram for 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene consists of three waves. Large-scale electrolysis of 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene at potentials corresponding to either the first or second wave yields 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1-butene in the absence of a proton donor and a mixture of 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-2-butene and 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1-butene in the presence of excess glacial acetic acid. If 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene is electrolyzed at a potential on the third polarographic wave, one obtains 1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutane in the absence of a proton donor but a mixture of 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-2-butene and 1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutane in the presence of glacial acetic acid. …
A Highly Enantioselective Hydrolysis Of -3,5-Diacetoxycyclopent-1-Ene, Donald Deardorff, A. Matthews, D. Mcmeekin, Chris Craney
A Highly Enantioselective Hydrolysis Of -3,5-Diacetoxycyclopent-1-Ene, Donald Deardorff, A. Matthews, D. Mcmeekin, Chris Craney
Chris L. Craney
Exposure of -3,5-diacetoxycyclopent-1-ene () to the hydrolase enzyme acetylcholinesterase (from electric eel) affords In 94% yield 3()-acetoxy-5()-hydroxycyclopent-1-ene () with an e.e. of 96% (greater than 99% e.e. after one recrystallization).
Solution Of Systems With Toeplitz Matrices Generated By Rational Functions, William F. Trench
Solution Of Systems With Toeplitz Matrices Generated By Rational Functions, William F. Trench
William F. Trench
No abstract provided.