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Articles 211 - 220 of 220
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Epidemiology Of Pediatric Urolithiasis, Ajay P. Sharma, Guido Filler
Epidemiology Of Pediatric Urolithiasis, Ajay P. Sharma, Guido Filler
Paediatrics Publications
Pediatric urolithiasis has increased globally in the last few decades. There has been a change in the pattern of stone composition with an increase in the frequency of kidney stones and a decrease in bladder stones. The role of familial predisposition and environmental factors in pediatric urolithiasis is now better understood. Metabolic factors are more common in pediatric urolithiasis than in adult stone disease. This review updates on the epidemiology of pediatric urolithiasis with a focus on the changing trends in the stone disease, current spectrum of stone disease encountered in clinical practice, individual predisposition and the role of environmental …
Linking Brain-Wide Multivoxel Activation Patterns To Behaviour: Examples From Language And Math, Rajeev D.S. Raizada, Feng Ming Tsao, Huei Mei Liu, Ian D. Holloway, Daniel Ansari, Patricia K. Kuhl
Linking Brain-Wide Multivoxel Activation Patterns To Behaviour: Examples From Language And Math, Rajeev D.S. Raizada, Feng Ming Tsao, Huei Mei Liu, Ian D. Holloway, Daniel Ansari, Patricia K. Kuhl
Paediatrics Publications
A key goal of cognitive neuroscience is to find simple and direct connections between brain and behaviour. However, fMRI analysis typically involves choices between many possible options, with each choice potentially biasing any brain-behaviour correlations that emerge. Standard methods of fMRI analysis assess each voxel individually, but then face the problem of selection bias when combining those voxels into a region-of-interest, or ROI. Multivariate pattern-based fMRI analysis methods use classifiers to analyse multiple voxels together, but can also introduce selection bias via data-reduction steps as feature selection of voxels, pre-selecting activated regions, or principal components analysis. We show here that …
E-Mail Communication In Paediatrics: Ethical And Clinical Considerations, Susan Albersheim
E-Mail Communication In Paediatrics: Ethical And Clinical Considerations, Susan Albersheim
Paediatrics Publications
E-mail has become a commonplace ‘procedure’ in medical practice because it is efficient and inexpensive. However, there are potential misuses and abuses of this form of written communication, with clinical and ethical implications. Common uses of e-mail in paediatics include general communication with colleagues in a professional setting; electronic formal consultation, in which patient confidentiality is paramount; electronic ‘curbside’ consultation, which may be perceived as a formal consultation; electronic discussion groups, which lack peer review; communication with current patients or their parents, which should be limited to simple, nonurgent issues; and communication with individuals seeking medical advice who are not …
Ppar_2 Expression In Growth Plate Chondrocytes Is Regulated By P38 And Gsk-3, Lee-Anne Stanton, Jennifer Ruizhe Li, Frank Beier
Ppar_2 Expression In Growth Plate Chondrocytes Is Regulated By P38 And Gsk-3, Lee-Anne Stanton, Jennifer Ruizhe Li, Frank Beier
Paediatrics Publications
Although peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)_ remains a critical regulator of preadipocyte differentiation, new roles have been discovered in inflammation, bone morphogenesis, endothelial function, cancer, longevity and atherosclerosis. Despite the demonstration of PPAR expression in chondrocytes, its role and the pathways affecting its expression and activity in chondrocytes remain largely unknown. We investigated the effects of PPAR activation on chondrocyte differentiation and its participation in chondrocyte lipid metabolism. PPAR2 expression is highly regulated during chondrocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro PPAR activation with troglitazone resulted in increased Indian hedgehog expression and reduced collagen X expression, confirming previously described roles …
Intrauterine Growth Restriction Increases Fetal Hepatic Gluconeogenic Capacity And Reduces Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Translation Initiation And Nutrient Sensing In Fetal Liver And Skeletal Muscle., Stephanie R Thorn, Timothy Regnault, Laura D Brown, Paul J Rozance, Jane Keng, Michael Roper, Randall B Wilkening, William W Hay, Jacob E Friedman
Intrauterine Growth Restriction Increases Fetal Hepatic Gluconeogenic Capacity And Reduces Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Translation Initiation And Nutrient Sensing In Fetal Liver And Skeletal Muscle., Stephanie R Thorn, Timothy Regnault, Laura D Brown, Paul J Rozance, Jane Keng, Michael Roper, Randall B Wilkening, William W Hay, Jacob E Friedman
Paediatrics Publications
Expression of key metabolic genes and proteins involved in mRNA translation, energy sensing, and glucose metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle were investigated in a late-gestation fetal sheep model of placental insufficiency intrauterine growth restriction (PI-IUGR). PI-IUGR fetuses weighed 55% less; had reduced oxygen, glucose, isoleucine, insulin, and IGF-I levels; and had 40% reduction in net branched chain amino acid uptake. In PI-IUGR skeletal muscle, levels of insulin receptor were increased 80%, whereas phosphoinositide-3 kinase (p85) and protein kinase B (AKT2) were reduced by 40%. Expression of eukaryotic initiation factor-4e was reduced 45% in liver, suggesting a unique mechanism limiting …
Effects Of Early Gestation Gh Administration On Placental And Fetal Development In Sheep., Casey D Wright, Ryan J Orbus, Timothy Regnault, Russell V Anthony
Effects Of Early Gestation Gh Administration On Placental And Fetal Development In Sheep., Casey D Wright, Ryan J Orbus, Timothy Regnault, Russell V Anthony
Paediatrics Publications
Ovine GH (oGH) is synthesized in placental tissue during maximal placental growth and development. Our objectives were to localize oGH mRNA in the placenta, and study the impact of exogenous GH on twin pregnancies during the normal window (35-55 days of gestational age; dGA) of placental expression. In situ hybridization localized oGH mRNA in uterine luminal epithelium but not in tissues of fetal origin. While maternal GH and IGF-I concentrations were increased (P
Chronic Late-Gestation Hypoglycemia Upregulates Hepatic Pepck Associated With Increased Pgc1alpha Mrna And Phosphorylated Creb In Fetal Sheep., Paul J Rozance, Sean W Limesand, James S Barry, Laura D Brown, Stephanie R Thorn, Dan Loturco, Timothy Regnault, Jacob E Friedman, William W Hay
Chronic Late-Gestation Hypoglycemia Upregulates Hepatic Pepck Associated With Increased Pgc1alpha Mrna And Phosphorylated Creb In Fetal Sheep., Paul J Rozance, Sean W Limesand, James S Barry, Laura D Brown, Stephanie R Thorn, Dan Loturco, Timothy Regnault, Jacob E Friedman, William W Hay
Paediatrics Publications
Hepatic glucose production is normally activated at birth but has been observed in response to experimental hypoglycemia in fetal sheep. The cellular basis for this process remains unknown. We determined the impact of 2 wk of fetal hypoglycemia during late gestation on enzymes responsible for hepatic gluconeogenesis, focusing on the insulin-signaling pathway, transcription factors, and coactivators that regulate gluconeogenesis. Hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA increased 12-fold and 7-fold, respectively, following chronic hypoglycemia with no change in hepatic glycogen. Chronic hypoglycemia decreased fetal plasma insulin with no change in glucagon but increased plasma cortisol 3.5-fold. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha mRNA …
The Expression Of Ovine Placental Lactogen, Star And Progesterone-Associated Steroidogenic Enzymes In Placentae Of Overnourished Growing Adolescent Ewes., Richard G Lea, Peter Wooding, Ian Stewart, Lisa T Hannah, Stephen Morton, Karen Wallace, Raymond P Aitken, John S Milne, Timothy Regnault, Russell V Anthony, Jacqueline M Wallace
The Expression Of Ovine Placental Lactogen, Star And Progesterone-Associated Steroidogenic Enzymes In Placentae Of Overnourished Growing Adolescent Ewes., Richard G Lea, Peter Wooding, Ian Stewart, Lisa T Hannah, Stephen Morton, Karen Wallace, Raymond P Aitken, John S Milne, Timothy Regnault, Russell V Anthony, Jacqueline M Wallace
Paediatrics Publications
Overnourishing pregnant adolescent sheep promotes maternal growth but reduces placental mass, lamb birth weight and circulating progesterone. This study aimed to determine whether altered progesterone reflected transcript abundance for StAR (cholesterol transporter) and the steroidogenic enzymes (Cyp11A1, Hsd3b and Cyp17). Circulating and placental expression of ovine placental lactogen (oPL) was also investigated. Adolescent ewes with singleton pregnancies were fed high (H) or moderate (M) nutrient intake diets to restrict or support placental growth. Experiment 1: peripheral progesterone and oPL concentrations were measured in H (n=7) and M (n=6) animals across gestation (days 7-140). Experiment 2: progesterone was measured to mid- …
Investigating The Causes Of Low Birth Weight In Contrasting Ovine Paradigms., J M Wallace, Timothy Regnault, S W Limesand, W W Hay, R V Anthony
Investigating The Causes Of Low Birth Weight In Contrasting Ovine Paradigms., J M Wallace, Timothy Regnault, S W Limesand, W W Hay, R V Anthony
Paediatrics Publications
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) still accounts for a large incidence of infant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Many of the circulatory and transport properties of the sheep placenta are similar to those of the human placenta and as such, the pregnant sheep offers an excellent model in which to study the development of IUGR. Two natural models of ovine IUGR are those of hyperthermic exposure during pregnancy, and adolescent overfeeding, also during pregnancy. Both models yield significantly reduced placental weights and an asymmetrically growth-restricted fetus, and display altered maternal hormone concentrations, indicative of an impaired trophoblast capacity. Additionally, impaired placental angiogenesis …
Uwomj Volume 66, No 1, Winter 1996-97, Western University
Uwomj Volume 66, No 1, Winter 1996-97, Western University
University of Western Ontario Medical Journal
An interdisciplinary medical science publication, established in 1930.