Digital Commons Network^™

Risk Communication And College Students: The 2009 H1n1 Pandemic Influenza, Francisco Soto Mas

Francisco Soto Mas

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess university students’ self-reported knowledge, behavior, and behavioral intention regarding H1N1 influenza. Method A cross-sectional, causal comparative study with purposive sampling was conducted at a major university in the southwestern U.S. Data were collected in early spring 2010 using a 24-item survey. Analyses included frequencies, descriptive statistics, correlation, linear regression, and multivariate analysis of variance. Results A total of 483 students participated. The majority of participants (69%) indicated taking “specific precautions” to prevent H1N1 influenza, but one-third lacked knowledge about symptoms and treatment. Only 10% had been vaccinated, and approximately half had …

Effects Of Response Elaboration Training On Sentence Production Of Persons With Chronic Agrammatic Aphasia, Ryan S. Husak

Theses and Dissertations--Rehabilitation Sciences

Purpose: Response Elaboration Training (RET) is a treatment program for increasing the amount of information contained in the speech of individuals with aphasia. This study employed a sentence production task (SPT) to examine whether RET will (1) generalize to a task not worked on in treatment and (2) affect syntactic performance.

Methods and Procedures: Three adults with chronic non-fluent Broca’s aphasia received RET in this prospective, repeated case study. The dependent variable was a SPT requiring the participant to put a verb in a sentence. Changes in the syntactic performance of the participant’s sentence productions were classified across …

Effectiveness Of The Osaka Medical College Brace For The Treatment Of Idiopathic Scoliosis: A 1-Year Outcome Analysis, Cheng-Fang Tsai, Po-Liang Lai, Alice M.K. Wong, Chih-Kuang Chen

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

The Osaka Medical College (OMC) brace is an underarm spinal orthosis for the treatment of scoliosis. It consists of a plastic pelvic section with a pad extended from the lateral bar to correct the convexity of the curve. The plastic cover on the trunk is minimized, and thus perspiration under the plastic contour is reduced. This is favorable for people who are heat intolerant or for those living in a hot and humid climate. In Taiwan, the use of the OMC brace has been increasing because it allows for good ventilation, is light, and has a less-restrictive design, yet its …

Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Major Depressive Disorder In Hiv/Aids As Seen In Semi-Urban Entebbe District, Uganda, Eugene Kinyanda, Susan Hoskins, Juliet Nakku, Saira Nawaz, Vikram Patel

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background:

Not much is known about the risk factors of major depressive disorder (MDD) in HIV/AIDS in the African socio-cultural context. Therefore a study was undertaken to examine the prevalence and risk factors of MDD in HIV/AIDS in semi-urban Uganda.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 618 respondents attending two HIV clinics in Uganda.

Results:

Prevalence of MDD was 8.1%. Factors associated with MDD at univariate analysis only were female gender, family history of mental illness, negative coping style, alcohol dependency disorder, food insecurity and stress; not associated with MDD were social support, neurocognitive impairment, CD4 counts and BMI. …

Earlier Surgical Intervention In Congenital Heart Disease Results In Better Outcome And Resource Utilization, Roheena Z. Panni, Awais Ashfaq, Muhammad M. Amanullah

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Background:Congenital heart disease (CHD) accounts for a major proportion of disease in the pediatric age group. The objective of the study was to estimate the cost of illness associated with CHD pre, intra and postoperatively, among Patients referred to a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. This is the first study conducted to estimate the cost of managing CHD in Pakistan.

Methods:

A prevalence based cost of illness Study Design was used to estimate the cost of cardiac surgery (corrective & palliative) for congenital heart defects in children Results:The mean age at the time of surgery in group …

Defisiensi Riboflavin Dan Demensia Pada Usia Lanjut, Idral Purnakarya

Kesmas

Demensia Alzheimer menempati urutan kesembilan penyebab kematian di Amerika Serikat. Demensia adalah kondisi yang sering dialami yang berhubungan dengan berbagai faktor dan gaya hidup terutama diet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan defisiensi asupan riboflavin (vitamin B12) dengan demensia pada usia lanjut (usila). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dan dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2007 sampai dengan Januari 2008. Sampel penelitian adalah 141 lansia berumur lebih dari sama dengan 60 tahun yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Demensia diukur menggunakan kuesioner MMSE (² 24, skor maksimum 30) dan asupan riboflavin diukur menggunakan form Semi Quantitative – FFQ. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan …

Identifying Characteristics Of Effective Small Group Learning Valued By Medical Students And Facilitators, Diana T. Robillard, Laura M. Spring, Susan J. Pasquale, Judith A. Savageau

Judith A. Savageau

Background: Small group teaching is an important part of undergraduate medical education, providing the ideal setting for learners to clarify misunderstandings, test hypotheses and evaluate ideas. Many schools undergoing curriculum reform have increased the time students spend in small group learning. However, there is an overall paucity of literature examining case-based small group sessions in medical school.

Objective: This study was designed to examine student and facilitator perceptions of effective case-based small group teaching in the pre-clinical years and compare results in order to identify similarities and differences and identify key areas of disconnect so that the small …

Correlates Of Intimate Partner Physical Violence Among Young Reproductive Age Women In Mysore, India, Purnima Madhivanan, Karl Krupp, Arthur Reingold

Department of Epidemiology

Few studies have examined intimate partner physical violence (IPPV) in south India. This article examines the frequency and correlates of IPPV among 898 young married women from urban, rural, and periurban areas of Mysore, India. Most (69.2%) of the participants were Hindus and 28.7% were Muslims. Overall, 50% of participants reported some type of IPPV. Factors that were independently associated with IPPV included being younger than 18 years at the time of marriage, contributing some household income, having anal sex, reporting sexual violence, and having a sex partner who drinks alcohol and smokes cigarettes. Women with skilled occupation were at …

Rice Consumption Contributes To Arsenic Exposure In Us Women, Diane Gilbert-Diamond, Kathryn L. Cottingham, Joann F. Gruber, Tracy Punshon, Vicki Sayarath, A. Jay Gandolfi, Emily R. Baker, Brian P. Jackson, Carol L. Folt, Margaret R. Karagas

Dartmouth Scholarship

Emerging data indicate that rice consumption may lead to potentially harmful arsenic exposure. However, few human data are available, and virtually none exist for vulnerable periods such as pregnancy. Here we document a positive association between rice consumption and urinary arsenic excretion, a biomarker of recent arsenic exposure, in 229 pregnant women. At a 6-mo prenatal visit, we collected a urine sample and 3-d dietary record for water, fish/seafood, and rice. We also tested women's home tap water for arsenic, which we combined with tap water consumption to estimate arsenic exposure through water. Women who reported rice intake (n …

Factors Influencing The Opinion Of Individuals In Determining Tumour Spread After Biopsy, Tayyaba Z. Ansari, Adnan A. Zaidi, Asra Parekh, Owais Iqbal, Nehal Masood, Ahmed Mateen, Tehseen Fatima

Section of General Surgery

Background: People often have concerns regarding tumour spread after biopsy which leads to a delay in seeking expert medical advice. The data regarding this perception is scanty. Therefore, we conducted this cross sectional study to explore the beliefs and perceptions of individuals regarding tumour spread after biopsy and the basis of those beliefs.
Methods: The survey was conducted in outPatient areas of two different tertiary care hospitals of Karachi namely Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi (AKUH) and Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (KIRAN). We interviewed 600 individuals and documented their responses on a questionnaire. There were 400 responders …

Perinatal Palliative Care: Assessment Of Practice Barriers, Clinician Perspectives And Confidence, Charlotte Wool

Nursing Theses and Dissertations

Perinatal palliative care (PPC) is an emerging model of care that provides supportive services to families anticipating fetal or neonatal demise. Clinician reported practice barriers, their perspectives of PPC and confidence in caring for patients requiring PPC are unknown. The aim of this research is to fill a gap in understanding clinician perspectives, perceived practice barriers and reported confidence to providing PPC. A cross sectional survey design using the Perinatal Palliative Care Perceptions and Barriers Scale© was administered using a Web-based tool. Recruitment was completed via email invitation and list serves. Participants included physicians (n = 66) and advance practice …

The Influence Of Time Perspective On Physical Activity Intentions And Behaviors Among Adolescents Residing In Central Appalachia., Tauna Gulley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Obesity and inactivity are prevalent among central Appalachian adolescents. Appalachian residents have been labeled "fatalistic," a time perspective unsupportive of health-promoting behaviors such as regular participation in physical activity. The theory of planned behavior has been used extensively to explain the physical activity behaviors of adolescents. Constructs within the theory of planned behavior include attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention to perform the behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the time perspective of central Appalachian adolescents and examine the relationship between time perspective and the constructs within the theory of planned behavior. …

Knowledge Of The Effects Of Alcohol On Fetal Development Among Women Of Childbearing Age., Mary Bales

Undergraduate Honors Theses

While Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder is a recognized problem with alcohol ingestion during the formation of facial features, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders are not as widely recognized. These disorders result from exposure to alcohol throughout pregnancy when the brain and nervous system are developing. The resulting disorders include attention deficit disorders, social disorders, inappropriate behaviors, learning disorders, and intellectual disability. The incidence of children with alcohol-related disorders is increasing as evidenced by children needing special services in the educational systems. It is unknown how much alcohol ingestion is safe during pregnancy or how genetic factors are involved in the development …

Genome-Wide Association Analysis Of Major Depressive Disorder And Its Related Phenotypes., Nagesh Ramarao Aragam

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a complex and chronic disease that ranks fourth as cause of disability worldwide. Thirteen to 14 million adults in the U.S. are believed to have MDD and an estimated 75% attempt suicide making MDD a major public health problem. Recently several genome-wide association (GWA) studies of MDD have been reported; however, few GWA studies focus on the analysis for MDD related phenotypes such as neuroticism and age at onset of MDD. The purpose of this study is to determine risk factors for MDD, identify genome-wide genetic variants affecting neuroticism and age at onset as quantitative …

Rn Transition To Practice Program In The Primary Care And School Settings: Development, Implementation, And Evaluation, Maria-Idalia O. Lens

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects

New graduate registered nurses (RN) are facing a difficult time finding jobs since the economy of the United States has declined. Since then the California Institute of Nursing and Health Care, along with funding from the Betty Moore Foundation, have developed RN transition programs. These programs were developed to increase skills, confidence, and experience among new RN graduates to promote their transition into the nursing workforce. The programs also were designed to retain newly licensed nurses in the nursing profession while engaging competencies that could be transferred to both acute and outpatient care settings. In addition, the programs are intended …

Asthma Prevalence: Focus On Prevention Management In Community Settings, Augustine M. Amenyah

Public Health Theses

Asthma prevalence continues to increase across the United States of America, affecting more than 43.1 million people and projected to affect over 50 million people by 2025. Asthma prevalence differs by demographic characteristics, such as race, ethnicity, socio-economic status, education, age and gender. Poor quality of life is common among people who suffer from asthma, in addition to school and work absenteeism. In 2008, children 5-17 years old with at least one reported asthma attack missed 10.5 million school days in the past year (CDC, 2010). Healthcare use for asthma is high and disparities remain in asthma healthcare use and …

Four Distinct Generations Of Workers Makes Leadership Challenging, Joyce K. Kutin

Joyce K Kutin RN, MSN, MOL

The Bureau of Labor Statistics for the year 2000 stated that Baby Boomers (age thirty-six through fifty-four) represented fifty percent of the United States labor force while Generation X (age twenty to thirty-five) represented some thirty-three percent, a significant decline in workforce. This demographic, time bomb indicates the urgency for many organizations in developed countries to prepare for and cope with the imminent retirement of their aging workforce.

Risk Factor Clustering Among Adolescents Infected With Or At-Risk For Chlamydia: A Descriptive Study, Elizabeth R. Wilson

Public Health Theses

STDs are a major public health epidemic in the United States with an estimated 19 million new cases occurring annually. Associated direct medical costs are estimated at $17 billion annually (CDC, 2010). Chlamydia is the most prevalent of all STDs and is also the most reported notifiable disease in the United States. While adolescents only account for an estimated 25% of the sexually active population, they account for nearly half of the 19 million cases. The higher prevalence of STDs among adolescents is most likely a reflection of multiple issues within a national socio-economic context. Additionally, the burden is even …

Age Predicted Heart Rate Max Equations In College-Aged Students, Jessica Benchley

Honors Theses

Many clinicians use heart rate to tell how fit an individual is and how healthy they are. They can prescribe exercise based on heart rate and other medical conditions to help clients get better through exercise. Instead of running a client through a graded exercise test each time there is a problem, it would be much more effective to find an accurate equation to predict a max heart rate value and prescribe exercise using that value. The purpose of this experiment is to see which equation tends to predict the most accurate max heart after.

Nutrition Knowledge Of Division I Tennis And Cross-Country Collegiate Athletes At Coastal Carolina University, Kate Dowling

Honors Theses

As competition increases, athletes continue to look for ways to gain a competitive edge. A review of the sources reveals that athletes lack nutritional knowledge; this could impair their performance. If athletes were more educated in nutritional knowledge, they would understand the importance of food in fueling one's body. This may dissuade athletes from using unnecessary supplements or ergogenic aids. The purpose of this study is to add to the existing research to determine if Division I collegiate athletes lack nutritional knowledge. To determine this, a dietary behavior and nutritional knowledge questionnaire was conducted with 28 Division I collegiate athletes …

An Analysis Of The Dietary Behaviors Of Coastal Carolina University's Ncaa Division I Student-Athletes, Alyssa Markowitz

Honors Theses

It is common knowledge that practice is the key to becoming better at something. This theory holds true with almost anything, from tying shoelaces to becoming a professional athlete. Elite athletes say that what has made them reach the top in their sports today is an incredible amount of dedication to repeatedly practicing their skills. As competition in sports becomes fiercer and starts at an increasingly younger age, practicing gains emphasis, but this is not the only aspect of achieving optimal performance that is extremely important. There is another factor that plays into how well one performs that is not …

Obesity: The Anthropometric And Demographic Characteristics Of Insured And Uninsured Individuals, Terra Fox Williams

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objectives. This study evaluates the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and health insurance status in attendees at a local health fair. BMI was also compared among ages, gender, and races.

Methods. Descriptive analysis conducted using data collected at the “Celebrating Life and Health” health fairs between the years 2008 and 2011. Data for this study were collected at the BMI booth staffed by Wright State Boonshoft School of Medicine students.

Results. The results of this particular study do not demonstrate a statistical difference between obesity and health insurance status. Consistent with other research articles this study does show that …

Impact Of Multiple Children On Parental Supervision Practices, Parental Developmental Competence, And Unintentional Injury Risk, Jennifer L. Taylor

Dissertations

Unintentional injury is the leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in the United States. The effects of injury on children, families and society encompass physical, mental, emotional, and financial consequences. The highest injury rates are among preschool age children, especially preschool children who have siblings. Child injury prevention strategies can reduce the rates of childhood unintentional injuries and minimize the burdens to children, families, and society created by these injuries. To design and implement effective child injury prevention strategies, further investigation is needed to understand the relationship between the variables influencing the occurrence of child injuries. The specific aim …

Sleep Loss And Its Health Impact Among Family Caregivers Of Persons With A Primary Malignant Brain Tumor, Jean Pawl

Nursing Dissertations (PhD)

Sleep impairments for caregivers are multifactorial. Assumptions are that caregivers of those with primary malignant brain tumors (PMBT) are similar to caregivers of persons with dementia as cognitive impairments are present at diagnosis. The shorter trajectory of PMBTs and rapid deterioration of recipients’ health may influence sleep in caregivers of persons with a PMBT. The purposes of this study were to use a sleep impairment model to characterize caregiver sleep using objective and subjective measures, and to examine sleep loss effects on psychosocial and physiologic health outcomes.

A secondary data analysis using baseline data from a larger study of mind-body …

Assessment Of Cultural Diversity At Metropolitan Universities, R. Landrum, Ronna Dillinger, Elizabeth Vandernoot

R. Eric Landrum

The Campus Diversity Questionnaire-Revised (CDQ-R) is a multicultural diversity climate assessment tool containing 23 Likert-type scale agreement-disagreement statements and four demographic questions (age, year in school, gender, and race). The CDQ-R was administered at 11 universities in the United States, and a total of 2,383 students participated. Significant institutional differences emerged as well as individual differences involving age, year in school, gender, and race. These results are helpful in understanding the different constituent needs of students on the college campus.

Do Exercise Motives Predict Obligatory Exercise?, Mary Pritchard, Jessica L. Beaver

R. Eric Landrum

Few studies have examined whether factors predicting obligatory exercise differ by gender. 303 participants completed the Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire and the Reason for Exercise Inventory. All variables correlated significantly. However, the correlation between exercising for fitness and obligatory exercise was significantly stronger in women than men. In women, obligatory exercise was predicted by exercising to improve body tone, fitness, and to enhance mood; in men, obligatory exercise was predicted by exercising to improve body tone, enjoyment, and perceived attractiveness. Implications for treatment are discussed.

College Student's Thoughts About Leaving The University: The Impact Of Faculty Attitudes And Behaviors, Cara Lundquist, Rebecca Spalding, R. Landrum

R. Eric Landrum

College students at a large Western university (N = 729) were surveyed about 19 potential faculty attitude and behavior items and the items relative impact on student's thoughts about leaving the university. Three issues have a significant impact on predicting student thoughts about leaving the university: faculty members being supportive of student needs, returning telephone calls and e-mails in a timely fashion, and being approachable. The magnitude of the impact of these items on student retention also varies as a function of gender and year in school. Faculty members need to be aware of the impact their attitudes and behaviors …

Reclaiming Fat, Emilie Debaie

Health Policy & Management Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Risk Factors For Driving Cessation Vary By Race And Ethnicity, Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Chae Man Lee

Frank Porell

Driving is related to our identity and independence as well as allowing us to get needed goods, services, and social opportunities that enrich daily life. Yet with increasing age, the risk for developing threats to medical fitness to drive increases. Driving cessation is related to a long list of negative outcomes, such as: depression, social isolation, diminished access to health care, and diminished quality of life. We investigated risks for driving cessation, paying close attention to racial differences. This study used data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), 1998-2008. The study included N=46, 528 older people (age 65 and …

Body Mass Index Of Masters Basketball Players, Joe Walsh, Mike Climstein, Ian Timothy Heazlewood, Mark Debeliso, Kent Adams, Stephen Burke, Jyrki Kettunen

Joe Walsh

Abstract. Aim and Scope: Thousands of masters athletes participate quadrennially in the World Masters Games (WMG). However, this unique cohort remains under investigated. With a need for multifaceted solutions to the global obesity epidemic, investigating special populations such as those competing in sport at mature-older ages may further the understanding of the nexus between aging, physical activity and obesity. The aim of this cross-sectional comparative study was to investigate body mass index (BMI) within the WMG competitors in context with national populations and health guidelines. We hypothesized that the prevalence of obesity in the WMG cohort would be less than …