Digital Commons Network^™

Viral Dnaemia And Dna Virus Seropositivity And Mortality In Pediatric Sepsis, Stephanie S Cabler, Gregory A Storch, Andrew H Walton, John C Lin, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Sepsis is a leading cause of pediatric mortality. Little attention has been paid to the association between viral DNA and mortality in children and adolescents with sepsis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of the presence of viral DNA with sepsis-related mortality in a large multicenter study.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study compares pediatric patients with and without plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), parvovirus B19 (B19V), BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), human adenovirus (HAdV), and torque teno virus (TTV) DNAemia detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or plasma IgG …

Covid-19 Vaccine Perspective From Adolescents' Lens In The Us, Meher Garg, Arnav A. Nagrecha, Ruchi Gupta, Makeba Williams

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has presented an unprecedented global health issue. The World Health Organization estimates 773 million confirmed cases and 7 million deaths. Vaccination continues to be the most effective way to prevent COVID-19 and has demonstrated safety and efficacy in all age groups. Though a lot of studies have looked at COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and hesitancy in adults, there is scarce research addressing adolescent vaccination readiness. COVID-19 infection in this age group may result in lost school days, school and community transmission, and loss of productivity for parents. Aim This study aims to determine COVID-19 vaccination rates and …

Aapm Medical Physics Practice Guideline 14.A: Yttrium-90 Microsphere Radioembolization, Nathan C Busse, Nichole M Maughan, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Radioembolization using Yttrium-90 (

Association Of Genetic Variation In Col11a1 With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, Hao Yu, Lilian Antunes, Christina A Gurnett, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common and progressive spinal deformity in children that exhibits striking sexual dimorphism, with girls at more than fivefold greater risk of severe disease compared to boys. Despite its medical impact, the molecular mechanisms that drive AIS are largely unknown. We previously defined a female-specific AIS genetic risk locus in an enhancer near the

Human Whole-Exome Genotype Data For Alzheimer's Disease, Yuk Yee Leung, Carlos Cruchaga, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The heterogeneity of the whole-exome sequencing (WES) data generation methods present a challenge to a joint analysis. Here we present a bioinformatics strategy for joint-calling 20,504 WES samples collected across nine studies and sequenced using ten capture kits in fourteen sequencing centers in the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project. The joint-genotype called variant-called format (VCF) file contains only positions within the union of capture kits. The VCF was then processed specifically to account for the batch effects arising from the use of different capture kits from different studies. We identified 8.2 million autosomal variants. 96.82% of the variants are high-quality, and …

Inhibiting Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 After Stroke Restores Brain Function And Connectivity, Jakob Hakon, Miriana J Quattromani, Carin Sjölund, Daniela Talhada, Byungchan Kim, Slavianka Moyanova, Federica Mastroiacovo, Luisa Di Menna, Roger Olsson, Elisabet Englund, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Karsten Ruscher, Adam Q Bauer, Tadeusz Wieloch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Stroke results in local neural disconnection and brain-wide neuronal network dysfunction leading to neurological deficits. Beyond the hyper-acute phase of ischaemic stroke, there is no clinically-approved pharmacological treatment that alleviates sensorimotor impairments. Functional recovery after stroke involves the formation of new or alternative neuronal circuits including existing neural connections. The type-5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) has been shown to modulate brain plasticity and function and is a therapeutic target in neurological diseases outside of stroke. We investigated whether mGluR5 influences functional recovery and network reorganization rodent models of focal ischaemia. Using multiple behavioural tests, we observed that treatment with negative …

Implications Of Preoperative Depression For Lumbar Spine Surgery Outcomes: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Saad Javeed, Braeden Benedict, Salim Yakdan, Samia Saleem, Justin K Zhang, Kathleen Botterbush, Madelyn R Frumkin, Angela Hardi, Brian Neuman, Jay F Piccirillo, Burel R Goodin, Thomas L Rodebaugh, Wilson Z Ray, Jacob K Greenberg, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Comorbid depression is common among patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease. Although a well-researched topic, the evidence of the role of depression in spine surgery outcomes remains inconclusive.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between preoperative depression and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after lumbar spine surgery.

DATA SOURCES: A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Scopus, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed from database inception to September 14, 2023.

STUDY SELECTION: Included studies involved adults undergoing lumbar spine surgery and compared PROMs in patients with vs those without depression. Studies evaluating the correlation between …

Assets For Integrating Task-Sharing Strategies For Hypertension Within Hiv Clinics: Stakeholder's Perspectives Using The Pen-3 Cultural Model, Juliet Iwelunmor, Daphne Lew, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Access to antiretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy and survival among people living with HIV (PLWH) in African countries like Nigeria. Unfortunately, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases are on the rise as important drivers of morbidity and mortality rates among this group. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of key stakeholders in Nigeria on the integration of evidence-based task-sharing strategies for hypertension care (TASSH) within existing HIV clinics in Nigeria.

METHODS: Stakeholders representing PLWH, patient advocates, health care professionals (i.e. community health nurses, physicians and chief medical officers), as well as policymakers, completed in-depth …

The Type Ii Raf Inhibitor Tovorafenib In Relapsed/Refractory Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma: The Phase 2 Firefly-1 Trial, Lindsay B Kilburn, Mohamed S Abdelbaki, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BRAF genomic alterations are the most common oncogenic drivers in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG). Arm 1 (n = 77) of the ongoing phase 2 FIREFLY-1 (PNOC026) trial investigated the efficacy of the oral, selective, central nervous system-penetrant, type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib (420 mg m

Shared Decision-Making During Virtual Care Regarding Rheumatologic And Chronic Conditions: Qualitative Study Of Benefits, Pitfalls, And Optimization, Lisa Zickuhr, Catherine Mccarthy, Emma Nolan-Thomas, Tiffany Westrich-Robertson, Elizabeth A Baker, Janice L Hanson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Virtual care (VC) is an accepted modality of care delivery, and shared decision-making (SDM) benefits patients with rheumatologic and chronic conditions (RCCs). Unfortunately, research suggests reduced quality of SDM during VC. This study explores the benefits and shortcomings of SDM regarding RCCs during VC with suggestions for optimally using VC during SDM.

METHODS: Following Stiggelbout's framework for SDM, we conducted focus groups of patients with RCCs and providers to understand their experiences with SDM during VC, probing for facilitating and challenging factors. We conducted content analysis of the transcripts, defining themes, and inductively reasoned to identify relationships among themes. …

Is Multidimensional Poverty Associated To Dementia Risk? The Case Of Older Adults In Pakistan, Jean-François Trani, Yiqi Zhu, Soobin Park, Ganesh M Babulal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Multidimensional poverty is associated with dementia. We aimed at establishing this association in Pakistan.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Punjab and Sindh, Pakistan, between March 30, 2002, and August 22, 2022, among adults aged 50 and older. Multidimensional poverty measures were composed of 6 dimensions and 15 indicators. Poverty was compared between adults with and without dementia using the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale, adjusting for sex, age, marital status, and household size. Associations between dementia and poverty were investigated using a multivariate logistic regression model.

RESULTS: We found that 594 (72.7%), …

Responsive Neurostimulation For People With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy And Autism Spectrum Disorder, Madeline C. Fields, Emily A. Johnson, John Zempel, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have comorbid epilepsy at much higher rates than the general population, and about 30% will be refractory to medication. Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) should be referred for surgical evaluation, yet many with ASD and DRE are not resective surgical candidates. The aim of this study was to examine the response of this population to the responsive neurostimulator (RNS) System.

METHODS: This multicenter study evaluated patients with ASD and DRE who underwent RNS System placement. Patients were included if they had the RNS System placed for 1 year or more. Seizure reduction and …

A Global Multicohort Study To Map Subcortical Brain Development And Cognition In Infancy And Early Childhood, Ann M Alex, Kelly Botteron, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The human brain grows quickly during infancy and early childhood, but factors influencing brain maturation in this period remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we harmonized data from eight diverse cohorts, creating one of the largest pediatric neuroimaging datasets to date focused on birth to 6 years of age. We mapped the developmental trajectory of intracranial and subcortical volumes in ∼2,000 children and studied how sociodemographic factors and adverse birth outcomes influence brain structure and cognition. The amygdala was the first subcortical volume to mature, whereas the thalamus exhibited protracted development. Males had larger brain volumes than females, and …

The Forkhead Transcription Factor Foxj1 Controls Vertebrate Olfactory Cilia Biogenesis And Sensory Neuron Differentiation, Dheeraj Rayamajhi, Steven L. Brody, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In vertebrates, olfactory receptors localize on multiple cilia elaborated on dendritic knobs of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Although olfactory cilia dysfunction can cause anosmia, how their differentiation is programmed at the transcriptional level has remained largely unexplored. We discovered in zebrafish and mice that Foxj1, a forkhead domain-containing transcription factor traditionally linked with motile cilia biogenesis, is expressed in OSNs and required for olfactory epithelium (OE) formation. In keeping with the immotile nature of olfactory cilia, we observed that ciliary motility genes are repressed in zebrafish, mouse, and human OSNs. Strikingly, we also found that besides ciliogenesis, Foxj1 controls the …

Improving Transparency In The Residency Application Process: Survey Study, Lindsey Ulin, Simone A Bernstein, Julio C Nunes, Alex Gu, Maya M Hammoud, Jessica A Gold, Kamran M Mirza

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of residency applications create challenges for applicants and residency programs to assess if they are a good fit during the residency application and match process. Applicants face limited or conflicting information as they assess programs, leading to overapplying. A holistic review of residency applications is considered a gold standard for programs, but the current volumes and associated time constraints leave programs relying on numerical filters, which do not predict success in residency. Applicants could benefit from increased transparency in the residency application process.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the information applicants find most beneficial from residency …

Effectiveness And Safety Of Different Estradiol Regimens In Transgender Women (Treat Study): Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Samuel Cortez, Dominic Moog, Christopher Lewis, Kelley Williams, Cynthia Herrick, Melanie Fields, Teddi Gray, Zhaohua Guo, Ginger Nicol, Thomas Baranski

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) for transgender women are mostly based on clinical experience from experts in the field and treatments used on postmenopausal women. While care is currently provided with the best available evidence, there is a critical gap in knowledge about the safest and most effective estradiol routes of administration for GAHT in transgender women; this statement is supported by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health on their Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, version 8. Furthermore, the reported rates of cardiometabolic adverse events in transgender women highlight …

Dsm-5 Conduct Disorder And Symptoms In Youths At High Risk Of Psychosis In Kenya With Dsm-5 Mental Disorders And Substance Use: Towards Integrated Management, David M Ndetei, Victoria Mutiso, Christine Musyimi, Reinpeter Momanyi, Pascalyne Nyamai, Peter Tyrer, Daniel Mamah

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Little is known about the prevalence of Conduct Disorder (CD) and symptoms of CD in high risk psychosis persons at both clinical and community populations in LMICs and in particular Kenya. This study aimed to document (1) the prevalence of CD diagnosis and symptoms in youth who screened positive for psychosis and (2) the associated mental disorders and substance use in the same cohort in LMIC. The sample size was 536 students who had screened positive on the Washington Early Recognition Center Affectivity and Psychosis (WERCAP) from a population of 9,742 high school, college and university students, but had not …

The Faculty-To-Faculty Mentorship Experience: A Survey On Challenges And Recommendations For Improvements, Sarvenaz Sarabipour, Natalie M Niemi, Steven J Burgess, Christopher T Smith, Alexandre W Bisson Filho, Ahmed Ibrahim, Kelly Clark

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Faculty at research institutions play a central role in advancing knowledge and careers, as well as promoting the well-being of students and colleagues in research environments. Mentorship from experienced peers has been touted as critical for enabling these myriad roles to allow faculty development, career progression, and satisfaction. However, there is little information available on who supports faculty and best ways to structure a faculty mentorship programme for early- and mid-career academics. In the interest of advocating for increased and enhanced faculty mentoring and mentoring programmes, we surveyed faculty around the world to gather data on whether and how they …

Applications Of Implementation Science Frameworks, Models And Theories In Disparities-Focused Cancer Screening Interventions: A Scoping Review Protocol, Serena Xiong, Lisa Klesges, Michelle Doering, Rebekah J Pratt

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Implementation science (IS) frameworks, models and theories (FMTs) have gained popularity in guiding the implementation and evaluation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for cancer screening. However, there are significant research gaps in understanding their applications in cancer health disparities contexts. This paper outlines a scoping review protocol designed to explore the utilisation of IS FMTs in cancer screening EBIs to inform intervention designs and adaptations.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This scoping review protocol adheres to Arksey and O'Malley's five-step methodological framework for conducting scoping studies. Search strategies were conducted in five bibliographic databases: Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and …

From Mother To Infant, From Placenta To Gut: Understanding Varied Microbiome Profiles In Neonates, Riadh Cheddadi, Venkata Yeramilli, Colin Martin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The field of human microbiome and gut microbial diversity research has witnessed a profound transformation, driven by advances in omics technologies. These advancements have unveiled essential connections between microbiome alterations and severe conditions, prompting the development of new frameworks through epidemiological studies. Traditionally, it was believed that each individual harbored unique microbial communities acquired early in life, evolving over the course of their lifetime, with little acknowledgment of any prenatal microbial development, but recent research challenges this belief. The neonatal microbiome's onset, influenced by factors like delivery mode and maternal health, remains a subject of intense debate, hinting at potential …

A Youth-Centred Approach To Improving Engagement In Hiv Services: Human-Centred Design Methods And Outcomes In A Research Trial In Kisumu County, Kenya, Eliud Omondi Akama, Thomas Odeny, Ingrid Eshun-Wilson, Elvin H Geng, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED: IntroductionInnovative interventions are needed to improve HIV outcomes among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) living with HIV. Engaging AYAs in intervention development could increase effectiveness and youth acceptance, yet research is limited. We applied human-centred design (HCD) to refine adherence-support interventions pretrial and assessed HCD workshop acceptability.

METHODS: We applied an iterative, four-phased HCD process in Kenya that included: (1) systematic review of extant knowledge, (2) prioritisation of design challenges, (3) a co-creation workshop and (4) translation tables to pair insights with trial intervention adaptations. The co-creation workshop was co-led by youth facilitators employing participatory activities to inform intervention …

Sex-Associated Differences In Frequencies And Prognostic Impact Of Recurrent Genetic Alterations In Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Alliance, Amlcg), Michael Ozga, Geoffrey L Uy, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Clinical outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with demographic and genetic features. Although the associations of acquired genetic alterations with patients' sex have been recently analyzed, their impact on outcome of female and male patients has not yet been comprehensively assessed. We performed mutational profiling, cytogenetic and outcome analyses in 1726 adults with AML (749 female and 977 male) treated on frontline Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology protocols. A validation cohort comprised 465 women and 489 men treated on frontline protocols of the German AML Cooperative Group. Compared with men, women more often had normal …

Formative Evaluation And Adaptation Of A Hypertension Extension For Community Health Outcomes Program For Healthcare Workers Within The Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria, Abigail S Baldridge, Nadia Goldstar, Grace C Bellinger, Abigail T Denoma, Ikechukwu A Orji, Gabriel L Shedul, Rosemary C B Okoli, Nanna R Ripiye, Adaora Odukwe, Olabisi Dabiri, L Nneka Mobisson, Dike B Ojji, Mark D Huffman, Namratha R Kandula, Lisa R Hirschhorn

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) model has been used extensively to link care providers in rural communities with experts with the aim of improving local patient care.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this qualitative research study was to assess the feasibility, acceptability, perceived needs, and contextual factors to guide implementation of a hypertension focused ECHO program for Community Health Extension Workers (CHEWs) in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.

METHODS: From September 2020 to December 2020, key informant interviews were performed with seven global organizations (hubs) providing ECHO training focused on cardiovascular disease or nephrology to identify contextual factors …

Mycoplasma Genitalium In The Us (Mygenius): Surveillance Data From Sexual Health Clinics In 4 Us Regions, Lisa E Manhart, Gina Leipertz, Olusegun O Soge, Stephen J Jordan, Candice Mcneil, Preeti Pathela, Hilary Reno, Karen Wendel, Anika Parker, William M Geisler, Damon Getman, Matthew R Golden, Mygenius Study Team

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is on the CDC Watch List of Antimicrobial Resistance Threats, yet there is no systematic surveillance to monitor change.

METHODS: We initiated surveillance in sexual health clinics in 6 cities, selecting a quota sample of urogenital specimens tested for gonorrhea and/or chlamydia. We abstracted patient data from medical records and detected MG and macrolide-resistance mutations (MRMs) by nucleic acid amplification testing. We used Poisson regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs, adjusting for sampling criteria (site, birth sex, symptom status).

RESULTS: From October-December 2020 we tested 1743 urogenital specimens: 57.0% from males, 46.1% …

A Uniform Human Multimodal Dataset For Emotion Perception And Judgment, Sai Sun, Runnan Cao, Ueli Rutishauser, Rongjun Yu, Shuo Wang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Face perception is a fundamental aspect of human social interaction, yet most research on this topic has focused on single modalities and specific aspects of face perception. Here, we present a comprehensive multimodal dataset for examining facial emotion perception and judgment. This dataset includes EEG data from 97 unique neurotypical participants across 8 experiments, fMRI data from 19 neurotypical participants, single-neuron data from 16 neurosurgical patients (22 sessions), eye tracking data from 24 neurotypical participants, behavioral and eye tracking data from 18 participants with ASD and 15 matched controls, and behavioral data from 3 rare patients with focal bilateral amygdala …

Personal Factors And Baseline Function In Patients Undergoing Non-Operative Management For Chronic Hip-Related Groin Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study, Rebecca D Demargel, Karen Steger-May, Simon Haroutounian, Patricia Zorn, Abby Cheng, John C Clohisy, Marcie Harris-Hayes

2020-Current year OA Pubs

AIM: Little is known about the relationship between personal factors and perception of hip-related function among patients with chronic hip-related groin pain (HRGP) seeking non-operative management. This analysis was performed to determine if depressive symptoms, central sensitisation, movement evoked pain (MEP), pressure hypersensitivity and activity level were associated with patients' perception of hip-related function, represented by the International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33).

METHODS: This cross-sectional study used baseline data from a pilot randomised clinical trial. Participants had anterior hip symptoms for at least 3 of the past 12 months reproduced on examination. Depressive symptoms, central sensitisation and activity level were …

Invasive Community-Onset Gram-Positive Infections From July 2018 Through December 2022 At 2 Children's Hospitals, Eric E Engstrom, Alexander S Plattner, J Chase Mcneil, Kristina G Hulten, Patrick J Reich, Mary G Boyle, James J Dunn, Stephanie A Fritz, Sheldon L Kaplan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Invasive infections caused by

METHODS: Cases of iGAS, IPD, and I-CO-SA infections were identified prospectively and retrospectively at 2 large US children's hospitals by positive cultures from July 2018 through December 2022. Admission data were used to estimate frequency. For comparison, rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 were estimated by the number of positive viral test results at each institution.

RESULTS: I-CO-SA infections showed little variation in the study period. Rates of iGAS infection and IPD decreased by 46% and 44%, respectively, from 2019 to 2020, coinciding with a substantial decrease in RSV and influenza. In …

Reducing Length Of Antibiotics For Children With Ear Infections: Protocol For A Cluster-Randomized Trial In The Usa, Amy Keith, Timothy C Jenkins, Sonja O'Leary, Amy B Stein, Sophie E Katz, Jason Newland, Deborah J Rinehart, Aiden Gilbert, Sherry Dodd, Cindy M Terrill, Holly M Frost

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Cytokine Release Syndrome In Patients Treated With Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: A Retrospective Study Analyzing Risks, Outcomes, And Healthcare Burden, Rushin Patel, Mrunal Patel, Fehmida Laxmidhar, Khushboo Lakhatariya, Darshil Patel, Zalak Patel, Safia Shaikh

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a promising immunotherapy for various malignancies. However, its use is associated with challenges, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), a potentially severe complication. This retrospective study aims to analyze the risks, outcomes, and healthcare burden of CRS in patients undergoing CAR-T therapy. Method Data from the 2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) were utilized, comprising 415 CAR-T-related hospitalizations. They were categorized into those with CRS (n = 68) and those without CRS (n = 347). Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, race, income, insurance status, and comorbidities, were compared. Outcomes of interest included …

The Association Between Reasons For First Using Cannabis, Later Pattern Of Use, And Risk Of First-Episode Psychosis: The Eu-Gei Case-Control Study, Edoardo Spinazzola, Emma C Johnson, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: While cannabis use is a well-established risk factor for psychosis, little is known about any association between reasons for first using cannabis (RFUC) and later patterns of use and risk of psychosis.

METHODS: We used data from 11 sites of the multicentre European Gene-Environment Interaction (EU-GEI) case-control study. 558 first-episode psychosis patients (FEPp) and 567 population controls who had used cannabis and reported their RFUC.We ran logistic regressions to examine whether RFUC were associated with first-episode psychosis (FEP) case-control status. Path analysis then examined the relationship between RFUC, subsequent patterns of cannabis use, and case-control status.

RESULTS: Controls (86.1%) …