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Correlates Of Intimate Partner Physical Violence Among Young Reproductive Age Women In Mysore, India, Purnima Madhivanan, Karl Krupp, Arthur Reingold

Department of Epidemiology

Few studies have examined intimate partner physical violence (IPPV) in south India. This article examines the frequency and correlates of IPPV among 898 young married women from urban, rural, and periurban areas of Mysore, India. Most (69.2%) of the participants were Hindus and 28.7% were Muslims. Overall, 50% of participants reported some type of IPPV. Factors that were independently associated with IPPV included being younger than 18 years at the time of marriage, contributing some household income, having anal sex, reporting sexual violence, and having a sex partner who drinks alcohol and smokes cigarettes. Women with skilled occupation were at …

Proteomic 2-D Dige Profiling Of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Exposed To Environmentally Relevant Concentration Of Endocrine Disruptor Pcb153 And Physiological Concentration Of 17Β-Estradiol, Quentin Felty

Environmental Health Sciences

Considering the recent studies that question previously reported cardio-protective effects of estrogen, there is a growing concern that endocrine disruptors may also contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The endocrine disruptor PCB153 has been reported to bind the estrogen receptor, induce vessel formation, and increase the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells. Since PCB153 induced phenotypic changes are similar to estradiol, we postulated that PCB153 activates redox signaling pathways common to 17β-estradiol. Whether the effect of PCB153 on the proteome is comparable to 17β-estradiol is not known. Therefore we investigated the proteome of human microvascular …

Chromosomal Disorders And Male Infertility, Gary L. Harton, Helen G. Tempest Ph.D.

HWCOM Faculty Publications

Infertility in humans is surprisingly common occurring in approximately 15% of the population wishing to start a family. Despite this, the molecular and genetic factors underlying the cause of infertility remain largely undiscovered. Nevertheless, more and more genetic factors associated with infertility are being identified. This review will focus on our current understanding of the chromosomal basis of male infertility specifically: chromosomal aneuploidy, structural and numerical karyotype abnormalities and Y chromosomal microdeletions. Chromosomal aneuploidy is the leading cause of pregnancy loss and developmental disabilities in humans. Aneuploidy is predominantly maternal in origin, but concerns have been raised regarding the safety …

Grandparent Health & Functioning After A Grandchild’S Death, Joanne M. Youngblut, Dorothy Brooten, Kathleen Blais, Jean Hanna, Theophile Niyonsenga

Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences

Approximately 160,000 grandparents experience the death of a grandchild each year; this represents a permanent, irrevocable loss for the grandparent resulting in physical and emotional responses. Grandparents who lose a grandchild experience increased alcohol and drug use, thoughts of suicide, and pain for their adult child who is also grieving. Supportive resources available to grieving grandparents, the effects of the grandchild’s death on the grandparent-parent relationship and the influence of race/ethnicity on grandparent grieving are discussed. Despite about 40,000 child and infant deaths each year, knowledge about grandparent health and functioning following the death of a grandchild is limited.

Prevalence And Correlates Of Primary Infertility In Mysore, India, Paul Adamson, Karl Krupp, Alexandra Freeman, Jeffrey D. Klausner, Arthur L. Reingold, Purnima Madhivanan

Department of Epidemiology

Background & objectives:

There are sparse data on the prevalence of primary infertility in India and almost none from Southern India. This study describes the correlates and prevalence of primary infertility among young women in Mysore, India.

Methods:

The baseline data were collected between November 2005 through March 2006, among 897 sexually active women, aged 15-30 yr, for a study investigating the relationship of bacterial vaginosis and acquisition of herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) infection. A secondary data analysis of the baseline data was undertaken. Primary infertility was defined as having been married for longer than two years, not using …

The Effect Of Carbohydrate Amount, Quality And Type On Arterial Pulse Pressure In Cuban-Americans With And Without Type 2 Diabetes, Fatma G. Huffman, Joan A. Vaccaro, Noorus Saba Nusrath, Gustavo G. Zarini

Department of Dietetics and Nutrition

Background: Arterial pulse pressure, the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, has been used as an indicator (surrogate measure) of arterial stiffness. High arterial pulse pressure (> 40) has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease and mortality. Several clinical trials have reported that the proportion of calories from carbohydrate has an effect on blood pressure. The primary objective of this study was to assess arterial pulse pressure and its association with carbohydrate quantity and quality (glycemic load) with diabetes status for a Cuban American population.

Methods: A single point analysis included 367 participants. There was complete data for 365 …

Substituted Lactam And Cyclic Azahemiacetals Modulate Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Quorum Sensing, Venkata L.A. Malladi, Adam J. Sobczak, Natalie Maricic, Senthil K. Murugapiran, Lisa Schneper, John Makemson, Kalai Mathee, Stanislaw F. Wnuk

HWCOM Faculty Publications

Quorum sensing (QS) is a population-dependent signaling process bacteria use to control multiple processes including virulence that is critical for establishing infection. The most common QS signaling molecule used by Gram-negative bacteria are acylhomoserine lactones. The development of non-native acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) ligands has emerged as a promising new strategy to inhibit QS in Gram-negative bacteria. In this work, we have synthesized a set of optically pure γ-lactams and their reduced cyclic azahemiacetal analogues, bearing the additional alkylthiomethyl substituent, and evaluated their effect on the AHL-dependent Pseudomonas aeruginosa las and rhl QS pathways. The concentration of these ligands and the …

The Effect Of Muca Allele On Biofilm Architecture And The Biofilm-Related Proteomes, Anqun Chen, Linka Xie, Kalai Mathee, Deying Tian

HWCOM Faculty Publications

In this study, a unique mucA mutation (designated mucA56) was introduced, which was characterized by deletion of bases 166-333, encoding MucA56 protein with the deletion of the trans-membrane region, which then was proved to be cytoplasmic with phoA-mucA fusion method. PAOmucA56 was constructed with homologous recombination; two PAO1 derivatives PAOmucA22 (PDO300) and PAOmucA56 displayed mucoid phenotype on pseudomonas isolation agar (PIA) agar, but PDO300 produced more alginate than PAOmucA56. Scanning confocal laser microscopy was used to observe the biofilm structures of the three strains during various biofilm development stages. PDO300 developed biofilm with low substratum coverage and high structural heterogeneity, …

Postmortem Demonstration Of The Source Of Pulmonary Thromboembolism: The Importance Of The Autopsy, Gina Elhammady, Andrew T. Schubeck, Vicky El-Najjar, Morton J. Robinson

HWCOM Faculty Publications

Periprostatic or paravaginal venous thromboses are rarely considered clinically as sites of clot origin in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism. The majority of emboli have been demonstrated to originate in the veins of the legs. This report raises awareness of pelvic vein thrombosis as a potential source of pulmonary embolism that is rarely considered or detected clinically, and which usually requires postmortem examination for recognition. It also reviews the possible routes emboli may take to reach the lungs.

Anti-Quorum Sensing, Anti-Bacterial, And Immunomodulatory Properties Of Panax Ginseng, Lisa Schneper, Natalie Maricic, Kalai Mathee

HWCOM Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Psychometric Evaluation Of The Spanish And English Versions Of The Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale, Dawn Hawthorne, Joanne M. Youngblut, Dorothy Brooten

Nicole Wertheim College of Nursing and Health Sciences

The Spiritual Coping Strategies (SCS) Scale measures how frequently religious and nonreligious (spiritual) coping strategies are used to cope with a stressful experience. This study’s purpose is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly translated Spanish version of the SCS. A total of 51 bilingual adults completed the SCS in Spanish and English, with 25 completing them again 2–3 weeks later. Internal consistency reliability for the Spanish (r = 0.83) and English (r = 0.82) versions of the SCS in the total sample were good. Test–retest reliability was .84 for the Spanish and .80 for the English …

Gene Expression Profile Of Endothelial Cells Exposed To Estrogenic Environmental Compounds: Implications To Pulmonary Vascular Lesions, Quentin Felty, Changwon Yoo, Amy Kennedy

Environmental Health Sciences

Aims

The cardiovascular system is an important target of estrogenic compounds. Considering the recent studies that question previously reported cardio-protective effects of estrogen, there is a growing concern that estrogenic environmental compounds may contribute to the pathology of vascular lesion formation.

Main methods

Real-time quantitative PCR was used to monitor the expression of genes involved in vascularization. Using Bayesian network modeling, we determined a gene network that estrogenic chemicals modulate in human vascular endothelial cells.

Key findings

We showed that planar and co-planar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) induce the expression of different genes compared to estradiol. Non-planar PCB congener 153 induced …

Identification Of Culturable Vaginal Lactobacillus Species Among Reproductive Age Women In Mysore, India, Purnima Madhivanan, Harry N. Alleyn, Eva Raphael, Karl Krupp, Kavitha Ravi, Roshan Nebhrajani, Anjali Arun, Arthur L. Reingold, Lee W. Riley, Jeffrey D. Klausner

Department of Epidemiology

A healthy vaginal environment is predominated by certain Lactobacillus species, which lead to the prevention of infections of the reproductive tract. This study examined the characteristics of cultivable Lactobacillus species in both healthy women and women with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Between November 2011 and September 2013, 139 women attending a women's clinic in Mysore, India, were evaluated for BV in a cross-sectional study. BV was diagnosed using Amsel's criteria: homogeneous vaginal discharge, vaginal pH >4.5, production of amines, and presence of “clue” cells. Those with three or more of the characteristics were considered to have BV. Vaginal swabs were then …

Characterization Of N-Acylhomoserine Lactone-Degrading Bacteria Associated With The Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Rhizosphere: Co-Existence Of Quorum Quenching And Quorum Sensing In Acinetobacter And Burkholderia, Kok-Gan Chan, Steve Atkinson, Kalai Mathee, Choon-Kook Sam, Siri Ram Chhabra, Miguel Cámara, Chong-Lek Koh, Paul Williams

HWCOM Faculty Publications

Background

Cell-to-cell communication (quorum sensing (QS)) co-ordinates bacterial behaviour at a population level. Consequently the behaviour of a natural multi-species community is likely to depend at least in part on co-existing QS and quorum quenching (QQ) activities. Here we sought to discover novelN-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)-dependent QS and QQ strains by investigating a bacterial community associated with the rhizosphere of ginger (Zingiber officinale) growing in the Malaysian rainforest.

Results

By using a basal growth medium containing N-(3-oxohexanoyl)homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, the ginger rhizosphere associated bacteria were enriched for strains with …

Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Mediated Signaling Pathways In Dictyostelium, Tong Sun, Leung Kim

Department of Biological Sciences

While studies on metazoan cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cytokine signaling laid the foundation of the current paradigms of tyrosine kinase signaling, similar studies using lower eukaryotes have provided invaluable insight for the understanding of mammalian pathways, such as Wnt and STAT pathways. Dictyostelium is one of the leading lower eukaryotic model systems where stress-induced cellular responses, Wnt-like pathways, and STAT-mediated pathways are well investigated. TheseDictyostelium pathways will be reviewed together with their mammalian counterparts to facilitate the comparative understanding of these variant and noncanonical pathways.

Meiotic Recombination And Male Infertility: From Basic Science To Clinical Reality?, Michael C. Hann, Patricio E. Lau, Helen G. Tempest

HWCOM Faculty Publications

Infertility is a common problem that affects approximately 15% of the population. Although many advances have been made in the treatment of infertility, the molecular and genetic causes of male infertility remain largely elusive. This review will present a summary of our current knowledge on the genetic origin of male infertility and the key events of male meiosis. It focuses on chromosome synapsis and meiotic recombination and the problems that arise when errors in these processes occur, specifically meiotic arrest and chromosome aneuploidy, the leading cause of pregnancy loss in humans. In addition, meiosis-specific candidate genes will be discussed, including …

Proteomic 2d Dige Profiling Of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells Exposed To Environmentally Relevant Concentration Of Endocrine Disruptor Pcb153 And Physiological Concentration Of 17Β-Estradiol, Quentin Felty

Environmental Health Sciences

Considering the recent studies that question previously reported cardio-protective effects of estrogen, there is a growing concern that endocrine disruptors may also contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular disease. PCB153 is one of the most commonly found polychlorinated biphenyls, and based on epidemiological studies, has been implicated in cardiovascular disease. The endocrine disruptor PCB153 has been reported to bind the estrogen receptor alpha, induce vessel formation, and increase the formation of reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells. Since PCB153-induced phenotypic changes are similar to estradiol, we postulated that PCB153 activates redox signaling pathways common to 17β-estradiol. Whether the effect of …

Work Disability Benefits Due To Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Brazilian Private Sector Workers, Edgar Vieira, P. R. Albuquerque-Oliveira, A. Barbosa-Branco

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of disability benefits due to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) granted to Brazilian private sector workers. Methods: This was a population-based epidemiological study of MSD-related benefits among registered private sector workers (n¼32 959 329). The prevalence (benefits/10 000 workers/year) of work disability benefits was calculated by gender, age, state, Human Development Index (HDI), economic activity, MSD type and work-relatedness. Results: The prevalence of MSD-related benefits in Brazil among registered private sector workers in 2008 was 93.6/10 000 workers. The prevalence increased with age, and was higher for women (112.2) than for men (88.1), although the …

The Evocative Power Of Projective Techniques For The Elicitation Of Meaning, Caroline Porr, Maria Mayan, Guendalina Graffigna, Sarah Wall, Edgar Vieira

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

A unique project was undertaken by doctoral and postdoctoral students, and their mentor, from diverse backgrounds in health and social sciences to explore their past experiences as participants in a qualitative research training initiative called EQUIPP (Enhancing Qualitative Understanding of Illness Processes and Prevention). The purpose of the project was to create a symbolic representation of the EQUIPP program through the use of projective techniques. The authors examined the meaning of engaging in qualitative research training through images and conceptual metaphors that were subsequently consolidated thematically and then portrayed in the form of a newly constructed logo that was developed …

Generational Differences In Work Attitudes: Evidence From The Hospitality Industry, David Solnet, Anna Kralj

Hospitality Review

Our understanding of employee attitudes and their impact on business outcomes has been further complicated in recent years by the newest cohort of service workers. Known as Generation Y (Gen Y), they appear to approach employment in a manner different to that of their predecessors. A review of the academic literature reveals little empirical evidence to support an appropriate understanding of the impact of such difference. This paper provides an overview of a large-scale study into generational differences in employee attitudes and reports on the preliminary data analysis of a survey of over 900 hospitality employees. The most important initial …