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Articles 1 - 30 of 59
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Qingdao Twin Registry: A Focus On Chronic Disease Research, C. Anderson Johnson, Zengchang Pang, Feng Ning, Jennifer B. Unger, Shaojie Wang, Qian Guo, Weihua Cao, Liming Lee
The Qingdao Twin Registry: A Focus On Chronic Disease Research, C. Anderson Johnson, Zengchang Pang, Feng Ning, Jennifer B. Unger, Shaojie Wang, Qian Guo, Weihua Cao, Liming Lee
CGU Faculty Publications and Research
With the changing patterns of morbidity and mortality in China, noncommunicable chronic diseases have become the major threats to the health of the Chinese population. The causes of chronic diseases include genetic factors and behavioral risk factors such as the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and lack of physical activity. Twin studies offer a unique opportunity to disentangle the genetic and environmental risk and protective factors for chronic disease. The Qingdao Twin Registry (QTR) was initiated in 1998 as part of the National Chinese Twin Registry. Over 11,000 pairs of twins and multiples of all …
Preface To The Psychiatric Clinics Of North American, 2006, Karl Doghramji
Preface To The Psychiatric Clinics Of North American, 2006, Karl Doghramji
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers
Introducton to the special issue on the sleep-psychiatry interface.
Normal Sleep And Circadian Rhythms: Neurobiologic Mechanisms Underlying Sleep And Wakefulness, Dimitri Markov, Marina Goldman
Normal Sleep And Circadian Rhythms: Neurobiologic Mechanisms Underlying Sleep And Wakefulness, Dimitri Markov, Marina Goldman
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers
Sleep is a vital, highly organized process regulated by complex systems of neuronal networks and neurotransmitters. Sleep plays an important role in the regulation of central nervous system and body physiologic functions. Sleep architecture changes with age and is easily susceptible to external and internal disruption. Reduction or disruption of sleep can affect numerous functions varying from thermoregulation to learning and memory during the waking state.
Uma Doença Esquecida: A Falta De Conhecimento Da Hanseníase No Brasi, Anders Gustafson
Uma Doença Esquecida: A Falta De Conhecimento Da Hanseníase No Brasi, Anders Gustafson
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Hansen’s Disease is one of the world’s most misunderstood and stigmatized illnesses. Its patients are often discriminated against, and marginalized from society. This study examines what role a fault in information regarding technical knowledge plays in perpetuating this prejudice. Data is based on interviews collected from patients, family members, and persons from the most affluent sections of society, all from the city of Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. In addition, medical professionals provide their input. This information is referenced against sociological theory and historical precedence, to examine the role society and government have played in formulating the situation today. The study concludes …
Dai Medicine: Preservation Of And Changes In Ancient Healing Practices, Geoffroy Fauchet
Dai Medicine: Preservation Of And Changes In Ancient Healing Practices, Geoffroy Fauchet
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
This independent study project discusses the general concept and theories of Dai medicine and focuses on the conservation of and transformation that both, the traditional and modern Dai medical system have undergone over time.
Demographic Change And Response: Social Context And The Practice Of Birth Control In Six Countries, Sangeeta Parashar, Harriet B. Presser, Megan L. Klein Hattori, Sara Raley, Zhihong Sa
Demographic Change And Response: Social Context And The Practice Of Birth Control In Six Countries, Sangeeta Parashar, Harriet B. Presser, Megan L. Klein Hattori, Sara Raley, Zhihong Sa
Department of Sociology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
This paper expands on Kingsley Davis’s demographic thesis of change and re- sponse. Specifically, we consider the social context that accounts for the primacy of particular birth control methods that bring about fertility change during specific time periods. We examine the relevance of state policy (including national family planning programs), the international population establishment, the medical profession, organized religion, and women’s groups using case studies from Japan, Russia, Puerto Rico, China, India, and Cameroon. Some of these countries are undergoing the second demographic transition, others the first. Despite variations in context, heavy reliance on sterilization and/or abortion as a means …
Parenting, Home Environment, And Child Obesity: A Survey Of Parents And Children Attending A Pediatric Clinic., Amit Ravindra Bodhani
Parenting, Home Environment, And Child Obesity: A Survey Of Parents And Children Attending A Pediatric Clinic., Amit Ravindra Bodhani
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Data were collected from 60 parents of children 5-11 years of age to describe the parental and family factors and explore the associations of these factors with children's Body Mass Index (BMI) percentiles. Mother's made up 81.7% of the sample. Whites/Caucasians comprised 88.3% of the sample. Males comprised 51.6% of the child participants while females comprised 48.3%. Among the child participants, 38.3% had BMI equal to or greater than the 95th percentile, and 6.7% had BMI 85th to less than 95th percentile. Concerns about child weight (rs = 0.582), pressure to eat (rs = -0.433), and monitoring (r …
Voluntary And Involuntary Nursing Home Staff Turnover, Christopher Donoghue, Nicholas G. Castle
Voluntary And Involuntary Nursing Home Staff Turnover, Christopher Donoghue, Nicholas G. Castle
Department of Sociology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The goal of this study was to identify nursing home characteristics that have differential associations to voluntary and involuntary turnover among formal caregivers (i.e., registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and nurse aides). Primary data from 354 facilities from four states were merged with data from the 2004 Online Survey, Certification and Recording system. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether organizational characteristics were related to a greater probability of high or low levels of voluntary and involuntary turnover among formal caregivers. The analysis revealed that a higher ratio of nurses to beds, a smaller number of quality-of-care deficiencies, …
Assessment Of Pneumonia In Older Adults: Effect Of Functional Status, Lona Mody, Rongjun Sun, Suzanne F. Bradley
Assessment Of Pneumonia In Older Adults: Effect Of Functional Status, Lona Mody, Rongjun Sun, Suzanne F. Bradley
Sociology & Criminology Faculty Publications
OBJECTIVES:
Evaluate the effect of preadmission functional status on severity of pneumonia, length of hospital stay (LOS), and all-cause 30-day and 1-year mortality of adults aged 60 and older and to understand the effect of pneumonia on short-term functional impairment.
DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study.
SETTING:
University hospital.
PARTICIPANTS:
One hundred twelve patients with radiograph-proven pneumonia (mean age 74.6) were enrolled.
MEASUREMENTS:
Functional status and comorbidities were assessed using the Functional Autonomy Measurement System (SMAF) and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Clinical information was used to calculate the Pneumonia Prognostic Index (PPI).
RESULTS:
Eighty-four (75%) patients were functionally independent (FI) before admission, …
Substance Abuse In Rural And Small Town America, Karen T. Van Gundy
Substance Abuse In Rural And Small Town America, Karen T. Van Gundy
Carsey School of Public Policy
Alcohol abuse exceeds illicit drug abuse in rural America and is a serious problem among rural youth, as highlighted here. The report also confirms that the abuse of stimulants, including methamphetamine, is high among certain rural populations, particularly among the rural unemployed.
Report On Selected Indicators By Gender, N.A.
Report On Selected Indicators By Gender, N.A.
Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)
No abstract provided.
A Perceptual Study Of The Impact Of Athletic Programs In Selected Community Colleges In The State Of Tennessee., Lee Martin Cigliano
A Perceptual Study Of The Impact Of Athletic Programs In Selected Community Colleges In The State Of Tennessee., Lee Martin Cigliano
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the study was to examine the economic, institutional, and human impact of athletic programs at community colleges in the Tennessee Board of Regents community college system to determine how the athletic programs affects the benefits, or lack of benefits, for students, the institutions, and the communities.
Sixteen participants were interviewed: two presidents, two athletic directors, four coaches, and eight student-athletes. The student-athletes represented four different sports and came from a variety of educational backgrounds and academic standing. The primary benefits perceived for the institutions and the student-athletes were the impact on missions, enrollment, educational and athletic opportunities, …
Physician Communication Behaviors That Elicit Patient Trust., Linda E. Bambino
Physician Communication Behaviors That Elicit Patient Trust., Linda E. Bambino
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The general relationship between the physician and the patient is one where communication is used to establish and maintain what will likely become a long-term partnership. Health communication research indicates that physicians who have apt communication skills in the patient-physician relationship develop a platform of trust behaviors. The physician communication behaviors perceived to elicit trust reported by patients are; comfort/caring, agency, competence, compassion and honesty. The objective of the research project was to assess patient perceptions of previously determined physician communication behaviors that predict patient trust through individual surveys (N=162) between foreign-born international medical graduates and American-born non-IMG resident physicians. …
Negotiating Change: An Analysis Of The Origins Of Ghana's National Health Insurance Act, Jennifer L. Singleton
Negotiating Change: An Analysis Of The Origins Of Ghana's National Health Insurance Act, Jennifer L. Singleton
Sociology Honors Projects
Given the neo-liberal ideologies of the majority party and global trends toward market-based approaches to social services, the passage of Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme, which provides coverage for all, seems anomalous. To answer the questions raised by this legislation, I analyze evidence from the government and consulting agencies. I find that a shift in international focus to allow social service reform combined with domestic electoral political influences. The scheme’s foundation of district mutual health organizations evolved from a USAID-funded consulting agency’s work, and may additionally reflect creative borrowing from the United States’ failed healthcare reforms of 1993.
Development Of An Instrument To Identify The Virtues Of Expert Nursing Practice: ‘Byrd’S Nurses Ethical Sensitivity Test’ (Byrd’S Nest), Lisa Marie Byrd
Development Of An Instrument To Identify The Virtues Of Expert Nursing Practice: ‘Byrd’S Nurses Ethical Sensitivity Test’ (Byrd’S Nest), Lisa Marie Byrd
Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of Byrd’s Nurse’s Ethical Sensitivity Test (Byrd’s NEST). An instrument to evaluate nurses’ ethical sensitivity in practice by examining choices of action in ethical dilemmas based on nursing virtues: compassion, fidelity to trust, moral courage, justice, self-confidence, resilience, practical reasoning, and integrity (Benner, Tanner, & Chelsa, 1996; Volbrecht, 2002). Benner’s theory of skill acquisition-novice to expert was the theoretical framework for this research which surveyed for correlations between a nurse’s ethical sensitivity and educational level, years of experience, certification, and work setting. Until now, there have been …
Infectious Behaviour: Imputing Subjectivity To Hiv Transmission, Barry D. Adam
Infectious Behaviour: Imputing Subjectivity To Hiv Transmission, Barry D. Adam
Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology Publications
This paper examines the sometimes implicit models of human behaviour circulating in science, government, and media that assign agency to HIV transmission, and contrasts these institutional ideas with the narratives of people at risk as they go about their everyday lives. Three kinds of risk talk, arising from interviews, show the limitations and paradoxes of leading constructions of the subjectivity of HIV transmission. The first shows a lack of fit, when the social conditions and presumptions that hold up the leading discourses are missing, and so choices and actions correspondingly follow alternative logics. The second type concerns “semiotic snares” that …
Maine State Government's Worksite Wellness Program, William C. Mcpeck
Maine State Government's Worksite Wellness Program, William C. Mcpeck
William C. McPeck
This is an unpublished report I wrote for Maine Governor John Baldacci to share with the National Governor's Association. The report reflects the history and current initiatives of Maine State Government's employee wellness program.
Indigenous Suicide In New Zealand, Annette L. Beautrais, David M. Fergusson
Indigenous Suicide In New Zealand, Annette L. Beautrais, David M. Fergusson
Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)
This article describes patterns of suicide and attempted suicide among the indigenous (Ma ̄ori) population of New Zealand using official data from the New Zealand Health Information Service (NZHIS). The majority of Ma ̄ori suicides (75%) occurr in young people aged <35 years. Rates of suicide are higher among Ma ̄ori males and females aged <25 than in their non-Ma ̄ori peers. Rates of hospitalization for attempted suicides are higher amongst Ma ̄ori males aged 15–24, compared to non-Ma ̄ori. In contrast, suicide is virtually unknown amongst older Ma ̄ori (60 years). This article reviews explanations for the observed rates of suicide in Ma ̄ori, and examines approaches to effective intervention to reduce rates of suicide in young Ma ̄ori.
Indigenous Healing Practices Among Rural Elderly African Americans, Debra A. Harley
Indigenous Healing Practices Among Rural Elderly African Americans, Debra A. Harley
Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)
Elderly African Americans residing in rural areas have practiced and continue to practice indige- nous healing practices for various reasons. In addition to the belief in the value of such practices, many of these individuals practice indigenous healing because it is cost effective. In this article information is presented on the history of research on indigenous healing practices, theories and models of indigenous healing in the United States, cultural influence, and views of health care providers regarding such practices. This article concludes with a discussion of the relevance of indigenous healing practices across disciplines and approaches, and recommendations of using …
Suicide In Siberian Aboriginal Groups, David Lester
Suicide In Siberian Aboriginal Groups, David Lester
Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)
A search of historical documents about suicide in Siberian tribes in the 18th and 19th centuries indicated that they had very high suicide rates. It would be of great interest to explore suicidal behavior in these tribes today.
Safe Motherhood Applied Research And Training (Smart) Report 2: The Interventions, Abdul Wajid, Zakir Hussain Shah, Ashfa Hashmi, Zeba Tasneem, Lubna Shireen
Safe Motherhood Applied Research And Training (Smart) Report 2: The Interventions, Abdul Wajid, Zakir Hussain Shah, Ashfa Hashmi, Zeba Tasneem, Lubna Shireen
Reproductive Health
The Safe Motherhood Applied Research and Training (SMART) project, an operations research project designed to develop and test interventions to reduce maternal, perinatal, and neonatal mortality and morbidity in predominantly rural districts of Pakistan, was a three-year project (2003 to 2006) funded by the European Union. The study area was in the district of Dera Ghazi Khan; the control area was in the district of Layyah. The project focused on three areas to accomplish its goals: empowering women to seek appropriate and timely general, maternal, and newborn care; supporting methods that encourage men to play a positive and active role …
Make Better Use Of Provider Time In Public Health Clinics, Barbara Janowitz
Make Better Use Of Provider Time In Public Health Clinics, Barbara Janowitz
Reproductive Health
Funding for reproductive health services is stagnant or declining globally, yet population projections, particularly in Africa, indicate that demand for services will increase in the near term. Between 2002 and 2025, for example, the population of women of childbearing age (15–49) is expected to increase by 2 percent annually in sub-Saharan Africa. With this growth will come increased demand for contraception, and other reproductive health services such as antenatal care, safe birthing services, and postpartum care for mothers and children. Concern about increasing demand for services has led program managers to examine the productivity and costs of existing programs. While …
Hydroxyurea And Sickle Cell Anemia: Effect On Quality Of Life, Samir K. Ballas, Franca B. Barton, Myron A. Waclawiw, Paul Swerdlow, James R. Eckman, Charles H. Pegelow, Mabel Koshy, Bruce A. Barton, Duane R. Bonds
Hydroxyurea And Sickle Cell Anemia: Effect On Quality Of Life, Samir K. Ballas, Franca B. Barton, Myron A. Waclawiw, Paul Swerdlow, James R. Eckman, Charles H. Pegelow, Mabel Koshy, Bruce A. Barton, Duane R. Bonds
Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship
Abstract
Background
The Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (HU) in Sickle Cell Anemia (MSH) previously showed that daily oral HU reduces painful sickle cell (SS) crises by 50% in patients with moderate to severe disease. The morbidity associated with this disease is known to have serious negative impact on the overall quality of life(QOL) of affected individuals.
Methods
The data in this report were collected from the 299 patients enrolled in the MSH. Health quality of llife (HQOL) measures were assessed in the MSH as a secondary endpoint to determine if the clinical benefit of HU could translate into a measurable …
Mental Health Care In Rural Communities: The Once And Future Role Of Primary Care., David Lambert
Mental Health Care In Rural Communities: The Once And Future Role Of Primary Care., David Lambert
David Lambert
The provision of mental healthcare in rural communities has been a vexing challenge for clinicians and patients for many years. There is a chronic shortage of specialty mental health providers, particularly psychiatrists and sychologists, which has shifted much of the burden of care to primary care. Primary care clinicians have historically lacked the training and time within their busy practices to feel comfortable providing mental healthcare, particularly since the shortage of specialty mental health clinicians deprives them of consultation and referral sources.
Informed Consent In Hiv Prevention Trials: Report Of An International Workshop, C. Elizabeth Mcgrory, Barbara Friedland, Cynthia Woodsong, Kathleen M. Macqueen
Informed Consent In Hiv Prevention Trials: Report Of An International Workshop, C. Elizabeth Mcgrory, Barbara Friedland, Cynthia Woodsong, Kathleen M. Macqueen
HIV and AIDS
This report summarizes key themes and issues on informed consent in HIV prevention trials as part of an international workshop co-hosted by Population Council and Family Health International in May 2005.
Tuko Pamoja: Adolescent Reproductive Health And Life Skills Curriculum, Path, Population Council
Tuko Pamoja: Adolescent Reproductive Health And Life Skills Curriculum, Path, Population Council
Reproductive Health
As they move through adolescence, young people begin to have different kinds of relationships with their peers, family members, and adults; good communication and other skills can help ensure that these relationships are satisfying and mutually respectful. Young people need to learn to manage new feelings about sexuality to make responsible decisions about their health, reproduction, and parenthood. This manual, the second edition of the Kenya Adolescent Reproductive Health Curriculum, is for teachers; community, religious, and youth group leaders; health care professionals; and anyone working with young people. The curriculum is designed to delay sexual debut and promote sexual and …
Prenatal Care And Infant Mortality In Nevada, Cynthia C. Huth, Phil Nowak, Chuck Duarte
Prenatal Care And Infant Mortality In Nevada, Cynthia C. Huth, Phil Nowak, Chuck Duarte
Social Health of Nevada Reports
Prenatal care, also known as antepartum care, refers to the health services that a pregnant woman receives before a baby’s birth. Health care providers know from numerous studies that prenatal care is important because potential problems that may endanger the mother or her baby may be discovered and treated prior to birth. In many cases, potential problems can be prevented altogether. Because of this, it is important that the pregnant woman not only begins prenatal care early, but also receives continuous care throughout her pregnancy. The preconception (before pregnancy) care is also an important factor affecting the future mother’s and …
Diseases Prevalence And Behavioral Choices In Nevada, Mary Guinan, Chad L. Cross, Lawrence Sands
Diseases Prevalence And Behavioral Choices In Nevada, Mary Guinan, Chad L. Cross, Lawrence Sands
Social Health of Nevada Reports
Determining the health of a state population is a complex task. It involves knowing at least the prevalence of various diseases and conditions as well as the leading causes of death and disability compared to a national mean or median. The World Health Organization defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Since health is affected by numerous social, economic, environmental, and cultural factors, these factors must also be considered when examining the health status of a population. All attempts to rank states in health are limited …
Egypt: Are Egyptian Couples Willing To Stop At Two Children? Results Of The Slow Fertility Transition Survey [Arabic], Population Council
Egypt: Are Egyptian Couples Willing To Stop At Two Children? Results Of The Slow Fertility Transition Survey [Arabic], Population Council
Reproductive Health
No abstract provided.
Cómo Identificar Y Satisfacer La Necesidad De Servicios Adicionales: Manual Para Gerentes, Ricardo Vernon, James R. Foreit, Emma Ottolenghi
Cómo Identificar Y Satisfacer La Necesidad De Servicios Adicionales: Manual Para Gerentes, Ricardo Vernon, James R. Foreit, Emma Ottolenghi
Reproductive Health
Este manual está diseñado para ayudar a los encargados de tomar decisiones, los administradores, los supervisores y los proveedores de programas a introducir la detección sistemática en sus servicios de salud. La detección sistemática puede mejorar la salud de la mujer al abordar múltiples necesidades no satisfechas de servicios de salud reproductiva y otros. Este manual proporciona: actividades necesarias para implementar una detección sistemática; cómo seleccionar las instalaciones, los servicios que se examinarán y quién lo hará; desarrollo, adaptación y pruebas preliminares de listas de verificación de detección sistemática; asesoramiento para capacitar a los evaluadores/proveedores y supervisores; y un esquema …