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Life Sciences

2016

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Articles 12601 - 12619 of 12619

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Spatial Capture–Recapture Models Allowing Markovian Transience Or Dispersal, J. Royle, Angela Fuller, Chris Sutherland Dec 2015

Spatial Capture–Recapture Models Allowing Markovian Transience Or Dispersal, J. Royle, Angela Fuller, Chris Sutherland

Chris Sutherland

Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models are a
relatively recent development in quantitative ecology, and
they are becoming widely used to model density in studies
of animal populations using camera traps, DNA sampling
and other methods which produce spatially explicit individual
encounter information. One of the core assumptions
of SCR models is that individuals possess home ranges that
are spatially stationary during the sampling period. For
many species, this assumption is unlikely to be met and,
even for species that are typically territorial, individuals
may disperse or exhibit transience at some life stages. In
this paper we first conduct a simulation study …

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Mapping The Patent Landscape Of Synthetic Biology For Fine Chemical Production Pathways, Pablo Carbonell, Abdullah Gok, Philip Shapira, Jean-Loup Faulon Dec 2015

Mapping The Patent Landscape Of Synthetic Biology For Fine Chemical Production Pathways, Pablo Carbonell, Abdullah Gok, Philip Shapira, Jean-Loup Faulon

Philip Shapira

A goal of synthetic biology bio-foundries is to innovate through an iterative design/build/test/learn pipeline. In assessing the value of new chemical production routes, the intellectual property (IP) novelty of the pathway is important. Exploratory studies can be carried using knowledge of the patent/IP landscape for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. In this paper, we perform an assessment of pathways as potential targets for chemical production across the full catalogue of reachable chemicals in the extended metabolic space of chassis organisms, as computed by the retrosynthesis-based algorithm RetroPath. Our database for reactions processed by sequences in heterologous pathways was screened against …

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Astragalus: A Review Of Its Medicinal Uses And Health Effects. Dec 2015

Astragalus: A Review Of Its Medicinal Uses And Health Effects.

Olga Kopp

Astragalus: A review of its medicinal uses and health effects.
Toma Todorov, Ranae Zauner and Olga R. Kopp.
Astragalus is considered the largest genus of the Fabaceae family, comprising approximately 3,000 species distributed throughout the world. In Asia alone about 2,500 species of Astragalus have been described. In North America there are approximately 400 species, and additional species have been described in Africa and South America. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, Astragalus is considered one of the most important herbs for the treatment of nephritis, diabetes, uterine cancer, and leukemia. In addition, it is frequently used as a dietary supplement and …

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An Agent-Based Modeling Approach To Determine Winter Survival Rates Of American Robins And Eastern Bluebirds, Samuel Iselin, Shannon Segin, Alex Capaldi Dec 2015

An Agent-Based Modeling Approach To Determine Winter Survival Rates Of American Robins And Eastern Bluebirds, Samuel Iselin, Shannon Segin, Alex Capaldi

Alex Capaldi

American Robins (Turdus migratorius) and Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) are two species of migratory thrushes that breed in Northwest Indiana but historically are uncommon during the winter season. These trends have changed recently, and both species are seen more abundantly during the winter. Recently invaded non-native fruiting plants continue to provide nutrients for the birds throughout the winter and may contribute to the increased avian populations during that time. To measure the effect these food sources contribute to thrush wintering habits, we created an agent-based computer model to simulate the birds' movement in Northwest Indiana along …

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Virulence Modulation In Photorhabdus Spp., Byron Adams Dec 2015

Virulence Modulation In Photorhabdus Spp., Byron Adams

Byron Adams

Adams, B. J., D. Blackburn, and T. J. Burk. 2016. Virulence modulation in Photorhabdus spp. Nematology 18:711–717.

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Antagonism Of Triazolam Self-Administration In Rhesus Monkeys Responding Under A Progressive-Ratio Schedule: In Vivo Apparent Pa2 Analysis, Bradford D. Fischer Phd, Donna M. Platt, Sundari K. Rallapalli, Ojas A. Namjoshi, James M. Cook, James K. Rowlett Dec 2015

Antagonism Of Triazolam Self-Administration In Rhesus Monkeys Responding Under A Progressive-Ratio Schedule: In Vivo Apparent Pa2 Analysis, Bradford D. Fischer Phd, Donna M. Platt, Sundari K. Rallapalli, Ojas A. Namjoshi, James M. Cook, James K. Rowlett

Bradford Fischer

No abstract provided.

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Pharyngeal Pumping In Caenorhabditis Elegans Depends On Tonic And Phasic Signaling From The Nervous System, Nicholas Trojanowski, David M. Raizen, Christopher Fang-Yen Dec 2015

Pharyngeal Pumping In Caenorhabditis Elegans Depends On Tonic And Phasic Signaling From The Nervous System, Nicholas Trojanowski, David M. Raizen, Christopher Fang-Yen

Christopher Fang-Yen

Rhythmic movements are ubiquitous in animal locomotion, feeding, and circulatory systems. In some systems, the muscle itself generates rhythmic contractions. In others, rhythms are generated by the nervous system or by interactions between the nervous system and muscles. In
the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, feeding occurs via rhythmic contractions (pumping) of the pharynx, a neuromuscular feeding organ. Here, we use pharmacology, optogenetics, genetics, and electrophysiology to investigate the roles of the nervous system and muscle in generating pharyngeal pumping. Hyperpolarization of the nervous system using a histamine-gated chloride channel abolishes pumping, and optogenetic stimulation of pharyngeal muscle in these animals causes …

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Localizedsympathectomyreducesmechanical Hypersensitivitybyrestoringnormalimmunehomeostasis Inratmodelsofinflammatorypain.Pdf, Sisi Chen Dec 2015

Localizedsympathectomyreducesmechanical Hypersensitivitybyrestoringnormalimmunehomeostasis Inratmodelsofinflammatorypain.Pdf, Sisi Chen

SISI CHEN

No abstract provided.

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Test2, Brenda Fay Dec 2015

Test2, Brenda Fay

Brenda Fay

test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 test 2 test 3 …

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Preliminary Report: A Survey Of Aggressive Behaviors In The American Coot (Fulica Americana) At Ballona Wetlands, California, Mariele Courtois, Kiara Cerda, Victor D. Carmona Dec 2015

Preliminary Report: A Survey Of Aggressive Behaviors In The American Coot (Fulica Americana) At Ballona Wetlands, California, Mariele Courtois, Kiara Cerda, Victor D. Carmona

Victor D. Carmona-Galindo

Understanding interspecific and intraspecific aggression is important for wildlife management and sustainability of populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is a difference in number of occurrences of interspecific aggression between American coots (Fulica americana) and mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and intraspecific aggression among American coots in the Ballona wetland habitat of Southern California. Trends in literature describe coots as highly aggressive toward other coots year-round and toward other bird species during the breeding season. Because we conducted observations outside the breeding season, we hypothesized that more instances of intraspecific aggression would be observed. We found …

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Human–Wildlife Conflict And Coexistence, Philip J. Nyhus Dec 2015

Human–Wildlife Conflict And Coexistence, Philip J. Nyhus

Philip J. Nyhus

Human interactions with wildlife are a defining experience of human existence. These interactions can be positive or negative. People compete with wildlife for food and resources, and have eradicated dangerous species; co-opted and domesticated valuable species; and applied a wide range of social, behavioral, and technical approaches to reduce negative interactions with wildlife. This conflict has led to the extinction and reduction of numerous species and uncountable human deaths and economic losses. Recent advances in our understanding of conflict have led to a growing number of positive conservation and coexistence outcomes. I summarize and synthesize factors that contribute to conflict, …

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Responses Of Four Arthropod Prey Species To Mechanosensory, Chemosensory And Visual Cues From An Arachnid Predator: A Comparative Approach, Scott Kight Dec 2015

Responses Of Four Arthropod Prey Species To Mechanosensory, Chemosensory And Visual Cues From An Arachnid Predator: A Comparative Approach, Scott Kight

Scott Kight

Comparisons of multiple invertebrate prey species to direct predator sensory cues are relatively uncommon. We compared prey responses to arachnid predators (Araneae: Lycosidae) of four species: Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Blattellidae), Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera: Gryllinae), Armadillidium vulgare (Oniscidea: Armadillidae), and Porcellio laevis (Oniscidea: Porcellionidae). Prey experienced combinations of direct mechanosensory, chemosensory or visual cues. All species responded to all cues, but response structure differed among species. Mechanosensory and chemosensory predator cues elicited frequent shifts between behaviors, whereas visual stimuli tended to diminish responses. Mechanosensory stimuli produced the most extreme responses, particularly in crickets and cockroaches, but responses to mechanosensory stimuli diminished …

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Inga Khachaturova V. Shaun Rourke - Dismissal Of Injunction.Pdf Dec 2015

Inga Khachaturova V. Shaun Rourke - Dismissal Of Injunction.Pdf

Khachaturova V. Rourke - Dismissal of Injunction

JOINT MOTION FOR FINAL ORDER OF DISMISSAL Plaintiff, INGA KHACHATUROVA, M.D. , (hereafter “Plaintiff”), and Defendant, SHAUN PATRICK ROURKE (hereafter “Defendant”), hereby move for entry of a final order dismissing this action, and state as follows: 

Inga Khachaturova V. Shaun Rourke - Dismissal of Injunction - Injunction dismissed.

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Genetic Variation In Total Number And Locations Of Gnrh Neurons Identified Using In Situ Hybridization In A Wild-Source Population, Paul D. Heideman, Katherine E. Kaugars, Charlotte I. Rivers, Margaret S. Saha Dec 2015

Genetic Variation In Total Number And Locations Of Gnrh Neurons Identified Using In Situ Hybridization In A Wild-Source Population, Paul D. Heideman, Katherine E. Kaugars, Charlotte I. Rivers, Margaret S. Saha

Paul Heideman

The evolution of brain function in the regulation of physiology may depend in part upon the numbers
and locations of neurons. Wild populations of rodents contain natural genetic variation in the
inhibition of reproduction by winter-like short photoperiod, and it has been hypothesized that this
functional variation might be due in part to heritable variation in the numbers or location of
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. A naturally variable wild-source population of
white-footed mice was used to develop lines artificially selected for or against mature gonads in
short, winter-like photoperiods.We compared a selection line that is reproductively inhibited in short …

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Malanson Gp, Resler Lm. 2016. A Size Gradient Hypothesis For Alpine Treeline Ecotones. Journal Of Mountain Science 13: 1154-1161., George P. Malanson Dec 2015

Malanson Gp, Resler Lm. 2016. A Size Gradient Hypothesis For Alpine Treeline Ecotones. Journal Of Mountain Science 13: 1154-1161., George P. Malanson

George P Malanson

No abstract provided.

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Evolution Of Electrogenic Ammonium Transporters (Amts), Tami Mcdonald, John M. Ward Dec 2015

Evolution Of Electrogenic Ammonium Transporters (Amts), Tami Mcdonald, John M. Ward

Tami McDonald

No abstract provided.

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The Relationship Of Body Composition To Countermovement Vertical Jump Characteristics Across Loaded Conditions, C. J. Macdonald, H. S. Lamont, J. C. Smith, J. C. Cholewa, A. M. Suppe, Jeremy A. Gentles, L. D. Hurlbert Dec 2015

The Relationship Of Body Composition To Countermovement Vertical Jump Characteristics Across Loaded Conditions, C. J. Macdonald, H. S. Lamont, J. C. Smith, J. C. Cholewa, A. M. Suppe, Jeremy A. Gentles, L. D. Hurlbert

Jeremy A. Gentles

No abstract provided.

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Visual Methods For Collaborative Food System Work, K. Valentine Cadieux, Charles Z. Levkoe, P. Mount, D. Szanto Dec 2015

Visual Methods For Collaborative Food System Work, K. Valentine Cadieux, Charles Z. Levkoe, P. Mount, D. Szanto

K. Valentine Cadieux

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Local Parasite Lineage Sharing In Temperate Grassland Birds Provides Clues About Potential Origins Of Galapagos Avian Plasmodium, Iris Levin, Rachel E. Colborn, Daniel Kim, Noah G. Perlut, Rosalind B. Renfrew, Patricia G. Parker Dec 2015

Local Parasite Lineage Sharing In Temperate Grassland Birds Provides Clues About Potential Origins Of Galapagos Avian Plasmodium, Iris Levin, Rachel E. Colborn, Daniel Kim, Noah G. Perlut, Rosalind B. Renfrew, Patricia G. Parker

Iris Levin

No abstract provided.

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