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The Reduction Of Metabolic Cost While Using Handrail Support During Inclined Treadmill Walking Is Dependent On The Handrail-Use Instruction, Cory Hofmann, Connor Dougherty, Hagop Abkarian, Michele Fox, Paul Juris

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(4) : 339-345, 2014. Inclined treadmill walking is a commonly performed activity to increase cardiovascular health. Handrail support on a treadmill provides an individual the opportunity to change their posture with respect to the walking surface. Differences in metabolic cost during inclined walking due to postural changes with handrail use are unknown. To test the hypothesis that metabolic cost will differ depending on how handrail support is used, respiratory gas analysis was performed during inclined walking in 13 healthy subjects. Energy expenditure was quantified while each subject walked in four conditions: 5% incline unsupported, 10% …

Harmonic Language Arts: Music Inclusion In The Secondary English Language Arts Classroom, Julieanne Sthay

CrissCross

Students are required to take four years of high school English, and the mandatory nature of English coupled with a scripted curriculum negatively impact student interest and motivation. English teachers who incorporate music into their academic teaching are finding music can improve student engagement, motivation, and learning (Goering & Burenheide, 2010). In this qualitative self study of student teaching, I explored questions including whether the addition of music is worthwhile in the English classroom, how it can be done, and what the benefits and drawbacks of doing so are. Based upon field notes, lesson plans, student feedback and research, I …

Experiencing The Ineffable, Joseph O'Brien

CrissCross

I can recall the first time I learned to take a fish off the hook after catching it. My grandfather and I were fishing in a river near my home in Connecticut, the sun shone off the yellow of a pumpkinseed sunfish's belly. After removing it from the hook, I put it in a five-gallon pail of water. Despite the clarity of the things I do recall, there are those elements of this memory that remain wholly inaccessible to me. I cannot remember whether it was late spring or early autumn, what color my rod was, or if there were …

Carving The Perfect Citizen: The Adventures Of Soviet Pinocchio In Text And On Screen, Rachel Branson

CrissCross

In 1936, Alexei Tolstoy’s The Golden Key, or The Adventures of Buratino was published, heralding the use of children’s literature and fairy tale structure as an ideological and transformative tool for children in the Soviet Union. The Adventures of Buratino, framed by Alexei Tolstoy’s alleged recreation from memory of Carlo Collodi’sThe Adventures of Pinocchio (1883), was a Soviet fairy tale, portraying Buratino as a hero for his fellow puppets in helping to free them from the corrupt and oppressive power of Karabas Barabas, the owner of the puppet theater. While Barabas serves as an embodiment of an exploiter …

Lactate Threshold Comparison In Anaerobic Vs. Aerobic Athletes And Untrained Subjects, Matt Green, Jared Hornsby, Robert Pritchett, Kelley Pritchett

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(4) : 329-338, 2014. This study compared VO₂ max, lactate threshold (LT) and VO₂ at LT (VO_2LT) among aerobic athletes (ARA) (n=10), anaerobic athletes (ANA) (n=9) and untrained participants (UTS) (n=7). From a treadmill test to exhaustion, VO₂ max and LT (4 mmol·L^-1 blood lactate concentration) were assessed. Analysis of variance showed VO₂ max (ml·kg^-1·min^-1) was significantly greater for ARA (67.6 ± 9.4) than ANA (53.4 ± 6.4) and UTS (44.9 + 6.9), with ANA significantly greater than UTS. LT for ARA (82.9 + …

The Breeding Biology Of Pheasant Tailed Jacana, Hydrophasianus Chirurgus In Wetlands Of Pakistan, Zahid Iqbal Khan, Mohammad Shareef Mughal

Journal of Bioresource Management

Pheasant Tailed Jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus is an attractive bird sustaining its presence in wetlands of Pakistan during summers. To facilitate conservation, the breeding biology of specific birds was recorded during 2004-07. According to the observations, the clutch size remains between 1-4 eggs, and most of the fertile females laid 2 consecutive clutches to hand over to two different males for hatching and chick rearing. Incubation calculated between 25-29 days hatchability was found to be around 80%. Defensive responses, egg laying, and chick care were observed to better understand the general behaviour of the species.

Biodiversity Assessment And Its Effect On The Environment Of Shakarparian Forest, Inayat Ullah Malik, Abul Hasan Faiz, Fakhar -I- Abbas

Journal of Bioresource Management

Shakarparian is known for its scenic beauty and wilderness and has a significant recreational value. It is a part of Margalla Hills National Park (MHNP), Islamabad and can be a good recourse to conduct various environmental studies. This study was aimed to explore the overall biodiversity of Shakarparian forest in terms of flora and its associated fauna. Phytosociological survey was carried out in order to identify the existing plant communities. The plant associations were then correlated to the existing fauna of the area. The results will provide the baseline data to support further studies on biodiversity analysis of ecologically rich …

A Checklist Of Birds Of Prey Of Rawalpindi, Islamabad And Adjacent Areas, Nadia Yousaf, Madeeha Manzoor

Journal of Bioresource Management

Wildlife is declining worldwide due to loss of habitat, pollution, introduction of exotic species, climatic changes etc. Birds of prey are believed to be rapidly declining in Pakistan though no reliable recent data is available and the available literature suggests its previous wide distribution throughout Pakistan. This current study was carried out in the Rawalpindi, Islamabad and some adjacent areas (latitude N 33^o27.34-33^o48.05 longitude E 72^o59.34-73^o27.30) to make a checklist of previously and newly existing prey birds as well as to study their general behaviors and biology. Targeted areas were studied at …

Review: Role Of Syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae) As Biotic Agents And Pollinators In Pakistan, Mohammad Irshad

Journal of Bioresource Management

The agriculture sector is important in the overall economy of Pakistan. There are many limiting factors in crop production. The two important factors are pest damage and pollination in addition to many others. Pest damage remained a serious problem since the dawn of human civilization. With the advancement of knowledge regarding safety of environment, pests are now tackled through Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques. In IPM, biological control through use of natural enemies is quite significant and the favored approach. Pollination is an essential ecosystem service. Effective pollination results in increased crop production, quality improvement and more seed production. One …

Toxic Metal Effect On Filamentous Fungi Isolated From The Contaminated Soil Of Multan And Gujranwala, Anam Rasool, Shazia Irum

Journal of Bioresource Management

Considering the importance of filamentous fungi for bioremediation of wastewater and contaminated soils, this study was planned to investigate the metal tolerance potential of indigenous filamentous fungi. Certain metals are important to biological actions. However all metals, whether essential or inessential will show toxicity at certain levels. During 2012 total 17 fungi were isolated and preserved from contaminated peri-urban agricultural areas of Multan and Gujranwala for further detail investigation of heavy metal tolerance. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus isolated from both soil and water samples while Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium sp were only isolated from soil samples …

Autoantibodies To The Ny-Eso-1 Tumor Antigen In Metastatic Melanoma: Sialylation Of The Fc Region Of Immunoglobulin G Induces Differential Expression Signatures Of Inflammatory Molecules During Dendritic Cell Differentiation And Maturation, Martin Oaks, Nathaniel Rein, John O. Richards, James Shaffer

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: We tested the hypothesis that different glycoforms of antibodies from patients with metastatic melanoma have different functional effects on human dendritic cell differentiation and maturation.

Methods: Antibodies to the cancer antigen NY-ESO-1 were affinity-purified from patients with melanoma and further fractionated into different glycoforms by lectin chromatography. Sialic acid-rich and sialic acid-poor fractions of these immunoglobulin G antibodies (IgG) were added to dendritic cell cultures during both differentiation and maturation, and the resulting cellular messenger RNA (mRNA) and culture supernatants were tested by microarray and enzyme-linked immunoassay for molecules related to inflammatory pathways.

Results: We identified unique mRNA and …

A Peculiar Institution Indeed: The Humanity Of Indian Slave Owners, Brennan King, David Hertzel

SWOSU Journal of Undergraduate Research

This project was undertaken to better understand the rift between the understandings of how slaves were treated in Indian Territory versus how they were treated in the Deep South. In order to complete this project research was completed at the Oklahoma Historical Society, along with primary source resources from archival materials from the now defunct Works Progress Administration. The resulting conclusion of this project is that slaves owned by Native Americans in Indian Territory were generally treated with much more humanity than were slaves in the Deep South. The main implication realized was that it is important to have a …

Los Porcentajes Para Las Mujeres En Los Cargos Políticos: Las Leyes De Cuotas The Quotas For Women In Political Offices: The Quota Laws, Breanna Cary, Hector Garza

SWOSU Journal of Undergraduate Research

There is a growing number of women in politics today, but many countries still struggle to obtain a number of women in politics that accurately represents the female population. Political parties and government organizations are searching for ways to get more women involved in the politics of their country. One way that they are doing this is by setting a quota for the number of women required to be representatives in their political party, or even a number of women to be in their government. The research of this essay looks at the quotas in various parts of the world …

Barriers To Conducting Supervised Agricultural Experiences As Perceived By Preservice Education Teachers, J. Joey Blackburn, Jon W. Ramsey

Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess preservice agriculture teachers’ perceptions of the importance of Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE) and their views on barriers to conducting SAE. A census of the sophomore-level agricultural education course at Oklahoma State University was conducted to measure perceptions at the beginning and end of the course. This study was framed upon Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior. Results indicated that preservice teachers perceived SAE was an important component of agricultural education and important at the secondary school they attended. The greatest barrier to conducting SAE was their lack of familiarity with newer SAE …

Full Issue, Volume 2, Number 3, Donna J. Peterson

Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

No abstract provided.

A Consensus Taxonomy For The Hawaiian Honeycreepers, H. Douglas Pratt

Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University

No abstract provided.

Human Papillomavirus And The Gardasil Vaccine: Medicalization And The Gendering Of Bodies And Bodily Risk, Lauren Camara

The Partisan

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Plasticizer On Oxygen Permeability Of Cast Polylactic Acid (Pla) Films Determined Using Dynamic Accumulation Method, Kurniawan Yuniarto, Bruce A. Welt, Aris Purwanto, Hadi Karia Purwadaria, Ayman Abdellatief, Titi C. Sunarti, Setyo Purwanto

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Polylactic acid (PLA) is becoming an increasingly important biopolymer for packaging applications. PLA brittleness limits its applicability. This study evaluated PLA properties with increasing amounts of added polyethylene glycol (PEG) plasticizer. Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of cast films was determined using the newly available Dynamic Accumulation (DA) method. Arrhenius temperature sensitivity of OTR and polymer Permeability was also determined. Permeability of neat PLA is 4.848 ml mm (STP)/m² s kPa; hence, 4.84 ml mm (STP)/m² s kPa, 4.07 ml mm (STP)/m² s kPa and 5.42 ml mm (STP)/m² s kPa by adding PEG 1 %, 5% …

Reproductive Biology Of The Bombay-Duck Harpadon Microchir In The Coastal Waters Off Southwestern Taiwan, Yih-Yia Liao, Shun-Ren Luo, Kwang-Ming Liu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

The bombay-duck, Harpadon microchir, is one of the important bycatch species of the trawl fishery in the waters off southwestern Taiwan. However, its biological information, especially reproductive biology, is still lacking. In this study, the reproductive biology of the bombay-duck was described based on 1,697 specimens (1,066 females and 631 males) caught by bottom trawl fishery in the waters off southwestern Taiwan from October 2007 to December 2008. The spawning season of this species was estimated to be in May and from August to December with a peak in November based on the macroscopic appearance, gonadosomatic index, histological examination, and …

Response Surface Optimization Of Microwave-Assisted Sulfated Polysaccharide Extraction From Porphyra Dentate, Yeu-Pyng Lin, Shao-Chi Wu, Jean-Yu Hwang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

An experiment was performed by adjusting the pH value (4-10) of a 10%-to-90% ethanol solution (v/v) and using it as an extraction solvent and, subsequently, using microwaveassisted extraction (MAE) to extract Porphyra denate solutions. The sulfated polysaccharides (µg/mL) of these extraction solutions were evaluated. The optimal treatments of P. denate extracts obtained using MAE were studied using response surface methodology. The study was performed using a three-level, four-factor design and aimed to determine the optimal combinations of the ethanol concentration (10%-90%, v/v, X1), pH value of an ethanol solution (4-10, X2), microwave power level (200-400 W, X3), and heating time …

Dynamic Changes In Phytoplankton Community Structure After Thermal Shock And Chlorination In A Subtropical Bay: An Experimental Study, Zhi-Bing Jiang, Yi-Bo Liao, Jing-Jing Liu, Quan-Zhen Chen, Jiang-Ning Zeng, Gen-Hai Zhu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology

Natural phytoplankton collected from the Yueqing Bay was exposed to a series of heat shock temperatures and chlorine dosages in a laboratory for simulating its passage through coastal power plant cooling systems. A short-term thermal shock (30 min) had no appreciable effect on the microalgae community for temperature elevation of 4-12°C in all seasons. However, the adverse effects of chlorination on the microalgae were considerably more severe than those of a thermal shock in terms of dominant succession, species richness, diversity, evenness, and community composition. Moreover, chlorination strongly influenced the diversity indices throughout a 15-d culture period, indicating an evident …

Intercollegiate Cross Country Competition: Effects Of Warm-Up And Racing On Salivary Levels Of Cortisol And Testosterone, Kathleen V. Casto, Christopher Elliott, David A. Edwards

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(4) : 318-328, 2014. Team intercollegiate athletic competition is associated with an increase in salivary cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) in men and women. The present study was designed to determine the hormonal effects of warm-up and racing in cross country runners – a sport that has both individual and team components. Members of the Emory University men’s and women’s varsity cross country teams gave saliva samples before warm-up, after warm-up, and immediately after the finish of each of two intercollegiate invitational meets held one year apart in the same setting (2010, N = 10 …

Vo2 Reserve Vs. Heart Rate Reserve During Moderate Intensity Treadmill Exercise, Tanner J. Solheim, Brad G. Keller, Charles J. Fountaine

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(4) : 311-317, 2014. ­VO₂ and heart rate (HR) are widely used when determining appropriate training intensities for clinical, healthy, and athletic populations. It has been shown that if the % reserve (%R) is used, rather than % of max, HR and VO₂ can be used interchangeably to accurately prescribe exercise intensities. Thus, heart rate reserve (HRR) can be prescribed if VO₂ reserve (VO₂R) is known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare VO₂ R and HRR during moderate intensity exercise (50%R). Physically active college students …

Muscle Activity In Single- Vs. Double-Leg Squats, Bradley A. Deforest, Gregory S. Cantrell, Brian K. Schilling

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(4) : 302-310, 2014. Muscular activity, vertical displacement and ground reaction forces of back squats (BS), rear-leg elevated split squats (RLESS) and split squats (SS) were examined. Nine resistance-trained men reported for two sessions. The first session consisted of the consent process, practice, and BS 1-repetition maximum testing. In the second session, participants performed the three exercises while EMG, displacment and ground reaction force data (one leg on plate) were collected. EMG data were collected from the gluteus maximus (GMX), biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), tibialis …

Occupational Sitting And Physical Activity Among University Employees, Charles J. Fountaine, Meredith Piacentini, Gary A. Liguori

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(4) : 295-301, 2014. The prevalence of overweight and obese in the U.S. has been thoroughly documented. With the advent of inactivity physiology research and the subsequent interest in sedentary behavior, the work environment has come under closer scrutiny as a potential opportunity to reverse inactivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the sitting and physical activity (PA) habits among different classifications of university employees. University employees (n=625) completed an online survey based on the Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ). Participants were instructed to describe time spent sitting, standing, walking, …

Time Spent In Mvpa During Exergaming With Xbox Kinect In Sedentary College Students, Chie Yang, Zachary Wickert, Samantha Roedel, Alexandria Berg, Alex Rothbauer, Marquell Johnson, Donald Bredle

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(4) : 286-294, 2014. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the amount of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during a 30-minute bout of exergaming with the Xbox Kinect game console in sedentary college-aged students. A secondary purpose was to examine enjoyment level of participation in the selected exergame. Twenty college-aged students (14 females and 6 males) who self-reported being physically inactive and having no prior experience with the Xbox Kinect game “Your Shape Fitness Evolved 2012” Break a Sweat activity participated in the study. Participants came into the lab on …

Can Resistance Training Contribute To The Aerobic Components Of The Physical Activity Guidelines?, Travis J. Hrubeniuk, Neal Prokop, Semone Myrie, Martin Sénéchal, Danielle R. Bouchard

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(4) : 278-285, 2014. To evaluate if resistance training can reach Moderate to Vigorous Intensity (MVI) and contribute to the aerobic component of the international physical activity guidelines. Sixteen participants aged between 20 and 35 were recruited. Heart rate was recorded by heart rate monitor during a resistance training program. Based on maximal heart rate, time spent at MVI (55-69% of maximal heart rate) was calculated. Participants displayed a HR equal or above MVI for 51.5% ± 21.7% of time. When stratifying by lower and upper body sessions, that proportion was median (25-75th); 75.0% (32.5%-89.2%) …

The Acute Effects Of A Dynamic Stretching Protocol On Wingate Performance, Autumn S. Gipson Ms., Jamarious Jones, Elise N. Ritchey, Colby Murphy, Hope Grimes, John M. Coons

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(4) : 271-277, 2014. Stretching before performing anaerobic activity has been a highly debated subject, with studies finding differing results depending on the type (static, dynamic, etc.) and duration of the stretch. Furthermore, the effects of dynamic stretching (DS) on anaerobic performance have been minimally researched. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects a DS protocol had on power performance using a Wingate test (WAnT). College-aged male subjects were recruited for this study. Prior to experimental trials, subjects performed a familiarity WAnT trial. Subjects then performed the WAnT two more times, once …

The Relationship Between Change Of Direction Speed In The Frontal Plane, Power, Reactive Strength, And Strength, Brian T. Mccormick, James C. Hannon, Charlie A. Hicks-Little, Maria Newton, Barry Shultz, Nicole Detling, Warren B. Young

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(4) : 260-270, 2014. Change-of-direction speed (CODS) is an important quality to performance in multi-direction sports. The relationship between CODS in the frontal plane and power, strength, and reactive strength is largely unstudied. Twenty-three male college students participated in this study. The study used a Pearson’s product-moment correlation to measure the relationship between CODS, power, strength, and reactive strength. A lateral shuffle test was used as the measure of CODS. A lateral hop for distance was used as the measure of power in the frontal plane. A countermovement vertical jump test was used as the …

Un Cuento Satírico En Medio Del Debate Sobre El Darwinismo En México, Miguel A. Fernández Delgado Mafd

Alambique. Revista académica de ciencia ficción y fantasía / Jornal acadêmico de ficção científica e fantasía

Charles Darwin's theory of biological evolution of species was accepted or rejected by Mexican scientists, including Gabino Barreda, representative of Comte's philosophy. It was also included by Justo Sierra in a history book for the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria, a decision which raised a lot of criticism from conservative groups. It is also discussed the implications of social Darwinism in the early Twentieth Century Mexico. The document we offer is a satire published in those years, which resembles the tone of Swift's Gulliver Travels.