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Small Mammal Dissemination Of Dwarf Mistletoe Seeds, Daniel Eugene Lemons

Dissertations and Theses

No study has been done in the western United States concerning dispersal of dwarf mistletoe by mammals. At the outset of the study it was determined that the red squirrel, the yellow pine chipmunk (Eutamias amoenus), the northern flying squirrel, and the bushy-tailed wood rat (Neotaoma cinerea), were all potential vectors of seeds. The red squirrel was chosen as the main object of study because it is diurnal and is closely associated with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), a heavily infected species. The study was undertaken to determine whether small mammals play a significant role in transporting mistletoe seeds to uninfected …

Planning For Regional Environmental Quality : The Case Of Japan's National Capital Region, Duane E. Roberts

Dissertations and Theses

This study is concerned with Japan’s National Capital Region Development Plan. How to modify the capital plan and some of the correlative land policies of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government to more fully protect regional air and water quality is the problem dealt with in the study.

Social Behavior In A Group Of Captive Bobcats : A Study In The Sociability Of Felids, Lon W. House

Dissertations and Theses

A group of four captive bobcats (Felis rufus), two males and two females, was observed for 102.67 hours over the period of one year. A pilot study was conducted consisting of a minimum of three separate observations for each daylight hour. The remaining observations were concentrated during the early morning hours immediately after feeding, the time of maximum activity and social interaction.

Germination, Respiration And Photosynthesis In Seeds Of Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium), Steven Wayne Gustafson

Dissertations and Theses

Germination, respiration, and photosynthesis in seeds of dwarf mistletoe (Arcenthobium) were studied. The effects of 1 hour soakings of seeds in aqueous solutions of 1, 2, or 3% H₂O₂ or 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5% Chlorox on germination of seeds were tested. Germination rates for seeds from three consecutive years (1975-1977) were obtained. Germination rates varied widely. This variance transcended subtle changes in treatment. Pretreatment of seeds with Chlorox resulted in significantly lower germination rates than those of the control. Chlorophyll concentrations were determined for seeds and aerial shoot tissue of four species. Seeds of A. …

Genetic Transformation Among Azotobacter Species, Wayne H. Voth

Dissertations and Theses

Previous methods for genetic transformation in Azotobacter vinelandii have employed poorly defined genetic markers or crude DNA extracts. An improved transformation technique has been developed for use in Azotobacter. The technique was used to transform several strains of Azotobacter with DNA carrying a defined genetic marker. A method for isolating pure, high molecular weight, biologically active DNA from Azotobacter is also presented. Purity of the extracted DNA was determined by standard chemical assays. The molecular weight was determined by boundary sedimentation techniques to be 18.2 megadaltons. DNA was obtained from several mutant strains of Azotobacter. Biological activity of these samples …

Bird Use Of Revetted Riverbanks In The Willamette Valley, Clifford Brian Perry

Dissertations and Theses

Over 115 miles of rock revetments that serve to protect river banks have been constructed in the Willamette Basin. In this study the spring and summer bird use of Willamette Basin revetments is examined. Revetments that had not been recently cleared of most woody vegetation and blackberries were found to have significantly greater total and breeding bird use than cleared revetments. Possible factors affecting bird use, such as vegetation on revetments and vegetation adjacent to revetments are examined using linear regression analysis. The results of this study are compared with results of previous work in riparian forests along the Columbia …

Distribution And Behavior Study Of Diurnal Tree Squirrels In Portland, Oregon, With Emphasis On The Western Gray Squirrel (Sciurus Griseus Griseus Ord) And The Western Fox Squirrel (S. Niger Rufiventer E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire), Ira Young Rice Iii

Dissertations and Theses

Populations of diurnal tree squirrels in the Portland area were located by mail surveys, personal interviews, and field inspections. Pine squirrels were found to reside in thickly wooded residential areas with dense understories and running water nearby. Western gray squirrels occupied habitats in relatively quiet residential neighborhoods, in areas well supplied with mast crops. Western fox squirrels were found to coexist with gray squirrels in their preferred habitat, and also to thrive in park settings with few mast trees and high activity and noise levels. In areas occupied by both fox and gray squirrels, dominant-subordinate relationships were noted. Each species …

Effects Of Types 1 And 2 Herpes Simplex Viruses On Several Fish Tissue Culture Systems, Raymond Charles Harry

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to observe changes induced by types 1 and 2 herpes simplex viruses (HSV 1 and HSV 2) when these viruses were cultivated in fish cells. The possibility of attempting to use human strains of herpesviruses in order to transform normal fish tissue culture preparations was considered. Three different fish cell cultures were tested: CHSE-214 cell lines were derived from embryonic chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and STE-137 cell lines were obtained from embryonic steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). Cells isolated from immature ovaries of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were propagated …

Bat Homing, John Mark Perkins

Dissertations and Theses

A model proposed by Wilson & Findley (1972) to test for randomness in bat homing was applied to results of homing studies on big brown bats (Eptesticus fuscus) and, when possible, to published studies on homing by other bats.

Most applications of the model suggest randomness in bat homing. Ecological notes concerning parturition, parasites, populations, emergence time, flight behavior and morphology of the E. Fuescus colony are reported.

A Behavioral Study Of A Small Group Of Pikas (Ochotona Princeps) On Mt. Hood, Oregon, Nancy A. Ewen Frazier

Dissertations and Theses

Observations or a small group of pikas, (Ochotona princeps) occupying a southwest facing roadfill on Mt. Hood, Oregon (1518 m) were made during the fall or 1976. Territorial sizes of 305.5 m² and 121 m² were determined based on territorial displays. These territories were compared with those observed in other studies. The mean distance to the nearest neighbor was 15.1 m. A pair relationship between two of the pikas and a dominance order are discussed. The seasonal progression of the haypiles and the reactions of the pikas to other animals are also noted.

Behavioral Temperature Regulation In The Turtle Pseudemys Scripta Elegans, Michael H. Johnston

Dissertations and Theses

A group of red-eared turtles (Pseudemys scripta elegans) was acclimated to 18-20˚C and artificial photo-period for 21 days. The animals were then individually placed in a thermal gradient and their selected temperatures were continuously recorded for 24 hours. A second group of turtles was acclimatized to 7.5-11.0˚C and natural photoperiods for 28 days, and subsequently tested in the same manner as the first group. Lastly, the turtles in the first group, after being acclimated to 3.0˚C and the previous artificial photoperiod for 14 days, were retested in the gradient.

The Fatty Acid Composition Of Some North American Dwarf Mistletoe, Hwa Chen

Dissertations and Theses

Fatty acid composition of five dwarf mistletoe species was analysed by Gas Liquid Chromatography. Because of the limitations of available equipment, only aerial shoots were analysed. Palmitic, oleic, linoleic and arachidic acids were the major components of total lipids. The sum of these acids accounted for 85-95 percent of total lipids present in the tissue. There was no apparent difference between species. The ratio of saturated acids to unsaturated acids in summer collections was higher than that of fall collections. Temperature may play an important role in controlling of these ratios. Lipid content varied from 3.25% to 8.5% on a …

A Study Of Home Range In Two Neotoma Fuscipes Colonies In Klamath County, Oregon, Brent D. Frazier

Dissertations and Theses

Home ranges of dusky-footed wood rats (Neotoma fuscipes) were determined by the exclusive boundary strip method in two colonies 630 m apart in Klamath County, Oregon. The mean home range area was 1800 - 1900 m² . Densities or trees and shrubs were determined on selected home ranges and densities of wood rat houses and nests were determined on all home ranges. No significant correlation was found between home range areas and densities of various trees and shrubs, home range areas and densities of woodrat houses and nests, or home range areas and weights of woodrats in …

The Effect Of Declining Timber Supplies And Productivity Increases In The Forest Products Industries Upon Employment In Douglas County, Oregon, Patrick L. Burden

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis examines some of the factors that will have significant impact upon employment in Douglas County, Oregon to the year 2000.

The major question this research attempts to answer is: Given a continuation of current policies and programs, what will future employment levels in the forest product industries and total employment levels in all industries in Douglas County be to the year 2000.

Localization Of Neurosecretory Cells Within The Cerebral Ganglia Of Amphiphorus Imparispinosus Griffin, 1898 (Hoplonemertea) And Their Possible Regulatory Role In The Annual Reproductive Cycle, Gail H. Jacobson

Dissertations and Theses

Nemerteans are common invertebrates along coastlines in both temperate and arctic climates throughout the world. Amphiphorus imparispinosus is a carnivorous member of this phylum that is found abundantly in the intertidal areas of the Oregon coast. As in many other invertebrate phyla, endocrine integration within the nemerteans is thought to be accomplished by neurosecretory mechanisms. In Amphiphorus the presence of these neurosecretory systems has not been previously shown. This project was undertaken to determine if neurosecretory cells are present within the central nervous system of this species and. further, to examine seasonal changes in the number and appearance of these …

The Dispersal And Dispersion Patterns Of Hydra Fusca In A Limited Environment, Faith E. Ruffing

Dissertations and Theses

The dispersal and dispersion patterns of Hydra fusca were examined. Hydra were placed in petri dishes at various densities. The water in the dishes was swirled forcing the animals to the center. The location of each animal was marked at time intervals thereafter. Analyses of the dispersal rates and dispersion patterns were made. Hydra dispersed from a central release point at a non-random rate. There was rapid movement from the center followed by a minimal daily movement. This eventually resulted in a uniform dispersion pattern at high densities in a limited environment. There was a relationship between the ratio of …

Purification And Properties Of Lysozyme From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacteriophage 7v, Lynne Vernice Mcfarland

Dissertations and Theses

A lysozyme from Bacteriophage 7v was purified 7.7 fold over the original lysates of the bacteriophage 7v and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PS-7. This purification process includes ultracentrifugation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and fractionation in a Sephadex G-150 column. The phage lysozyme exhibits a greater specificity when assayed with P. aeruginosa cells as a substrate, but still is capable of acting on the standard lysozyme Micrococcus lysodeikticus substrate. The pH optimum, heat inactivation range, and action on other bacteria is described. The molecular weight was found to be 14,300. The values of this 7v phage lysozyme are in close agreement with values …

Some Aspects Of The Ecology Of The Virginia Opossum (Didelphis Virginiana Virginiana Kerr 1792) In An Urban Environment, David Hopkins

Dissertations and Theses

Eighty-three Didelphis virginiana from the Portland metropolitan area were collected and studied from December 1974 through May 1976. Males averaged 3394 g, females 2318 g. An annual sex ratio of 68.7:31.3 was recorded. Data indicate the possibility of a year-round breeding season and suggest the occurrence of three peaks of reproductive activity: January-February, April-May and October-November. The six primary foods consumed annually are: leaf litter, mammals, gastropods, earthworms, grasses and pet food. Seasonal composition and diversity in the diet is marked. Five new parasite-host records were established. These include mites: Androlaelaps fahrenholsi, Haemogamasus nidi, Eulaelape stabularis tick, Ixodes angustus, and …

The Columbia River As A Barrier To Gene Flow In The Vagrant Shrew, Sorex Vagrans Vagrans Baird, James J. Kirk

Dissertations and Theses

Twenty-one morphological characters were measured in shrews from four islands in the Columbia River and from the adjacent Oregon and Washington shores. Information on the history and characteristics of the river islands was gathered to facilitate interpretation of the shrew’s morphology data. Significant differences between character means of different populations were detected and average taxonomic distances between pairs of populations were calculated. The Columbia River is an incomplete barrier to gene flow, but its influence has been sufficient to allow divergence of island populations. Natural selection on the small gene pools of island populations has probably contributed to the divergence. …

Thermal Ecology And Movement In The Leopard Lizard, Gambelia Wislizeni, Baird And Girard, Marvin Lynn Abts

Dissertations and Theses

Thermal ecology and movement of the Leopard Lizard, G. wistizeniwere studied at Frog Spring, adjacent to the Alvord Desert, and at various locations throughout the Alvord Basin. Seasonal activity is known to occur from early May to mid-October, but abundance. gradually decreases after late July. During favorable late spring, and summer weather lizards exhibit a bimodal pattern of diel activity with some activity occurring at all hours of the day between 0600 and 1800 H. At other times activity was unimodal. Emergence was apparently largely temperature dependent and did not occur until sand temperature approximated 21°C. Retreat appeared to …

The Chromosome Constitutions Of A Hybrid Salmonid And Its Parental Types: Salmo Gairdneri And Salmo Clarki, Peter Bruce Valentine Jacky

Dissertations and Theses

A study was undertaken to investigate the application of tissue culture and histochemical banding techniques normally used in mammalian studies to fish cells and to examine the mechanisms of chromosome evolution and speciation in salmonids by comparing the chromosomes of the hybrid to those of the parental types. The application of banding techniques was generally unsuccessful in revealing bands, though quinacrine staining did reveal the presence of two fluorescent spots in the vicinity of the centromere. These were thought to be heterochromatic blocks, possibly related to the high incidence of centric fusion or fission in salmonids. Results of chromosome analysis …

A Survey Of Small Mammals On Islands In The Columbia And Willamette Rivers, Gayle Kirk

Dissertations and Theses

A survey of small mammals on eight islands in the Columbia and Willamette Rivers near Portland, Oregon was conducted in 1974. The islands were Govermnent , Sand, Lemon, McGuire and Sandy Islands in the Columbia River and East, Ross and Hardtack Islands in the Willamette River. The objectives of the study were to ascertain and compare the kinds, distribution and relative densitites of small mammals . A variety of traps was used to capture the animals including Museum Special Rodent Traps , back- break mouse traps, scissor and guillotine- type stab mole traps , Sherman traps , modified Young traps …

The Androgenic Glands Of The Pacific Crayfish, Pacifastacus Leniusculus Trowbridgii Stimpson, 1859, Larry L. Sanders

Dissertations and Theses

The androgenic glands of the Pacific crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus trowbridgii Stimpson, 1859, were studied experimentally and by light and electron microscopy. The androgenic glands proliferate in the spring of the year concurrently with an increase in mitotic activity in the testes. Degeneration of a major portion of the glands occurs in the fall, when spermatogenic activity in the testes is near completion. Cellular development appears to progress from small undifferentiated cells through stages of vacuolization and hypertrophy and terminates with degeneration or lysis. The fine structure of the vacuolated gland cells is indicative of increased metabolic activity and probable hormone …

Mammals Of The Bull Run, Edward M. Thatcher

Dissertations and Theses

This study of mammals of the Bull Run Planning Unit has a dual character. First, mammals of special scientific or natural history interest such as threatened or endangered species were sought. This was in conjunction with a Mt. Hood Bull Run Planning Unit. Second, a zoogeographical study of mammals of the Bull Run was performed. Abundance and distributional data was recorded for each species observed. This data was related to availability to moisture as indicated by plant associations trapped. Difference in habitat utilization along a moisture gradient was investigated as a possible coexistence mechanism for sympatric small mammals in the …

Some Coyote Food Habitat Patterns In The Shrub-Steppe Of South-Central Washington, Peter Frederick Stoel

Dissertations and Theses

Coyote food habits were ascertained by identifying the undigested material in 1143 scats collected at monthly intervals from specific road transects on the USERDA Hanford Reservation in Washington from 1974 to 1976. Tracks at artificially established scent posts along the principal transect provided evidence that the scats were left by coyotes and not bobcats or badgers. On the basin plain (150m elevation) where the Aptemisia tpidentata/Poa sandbepgii Association predominates, the average monthly percent occurrences in the 491 scats collected in 1975 2 were pocket mouse 60, leporid 39, pocket gopher 12, grasshopper 12, fruit 10, cricetine mice 7, darkling beetle …

Influence Of Light On Algal Growth In The Lower Willamette River, Stephen Arthur Wille

Dissertations and Theses

During the summer of 1974 chemical conditions in the lower reaches of the Willamette River, Oregon were similar to those in other rivers currently experiencing nuisance algal growth problems. Temperature and chemical nutrients are not limiting. Relatively high populations of phytoplankton and productivity values for upstream periphyton beds and surface waters suggest moderately eutrophic conditions. However, with increased depth in the lower river, and a constant euphotic zone, the amount of photosynthetically available light is reduced. With sufficient depth and complete mixing the critical depth is exceeded. Primary productivity rates are subsequently limited by low light availability in the lower …

The Role Of Zinc In Dihydroorotase, Pamela S. Gilchrist

Dissertations and Theses

Dihydroorotase (4,4—dihydroorotic acid amidolyase, EC 3.5.2.3.) which catalyzes the reversible cyclization of N-carbamyl-L-aspartate to L-dihydroorotate has been purified from orotate-grown Clostridium oroticum. The enzyme is stable in 0.3 M sodium chloride and 10 µ ZnSO₄. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis indicates the enzyme to be composed of two identical subunits each with a molecular weight of 58,000 + 6000. Dihydroorotase is shown to be a zinc-containing metalloenzyme with 2 g atoms of zinc per 58,000 g of protein. The role of zinc in dihydroorotase is discussed.

Biochemical Description Of A Lava Tube Lake In Southeast Oregon, John Edward Palmer

Dissertations and Theses

A Pleistocene lava tube cave in southeast Oregon has a seasonally fluctuating lake occupying the last 1200 to 2000 feet. Three endemic invertebrate species inhabit the lake: Kenkia rynchida Hyman; Asellus sp.; and Stygobromus hubbsi Shoemaker. Little is known however, about their environment. The purpose of this study was to describe various physical and chemical parameters of Malheur Cave Lake.

Effects Of Antifibroblast Antiserum On Cells Derived From Fibroblast Outgrowth Of Human Prostatic Tissues, Eva Shang-Lian King

Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to provide pure cultures of normal human prostatic epithelium free of fibroblasts in order to study malignant conversion by chemical carcinogens. Normal epithelial cells were needed because this was the cell type implicated in prostatic malignancies of human subjects. Unfortunately fibroblasts grew faster than epithelial cells so that cultures were always overgrown with connective tissue elements. It was considered important to find a method which would eliminate fibroblasts so that normal epithelial cells could grow out in pure culture.

Interactions In The Frequencies Of Electric Organ Discharge By Eigenmannia Virescens (Sternopygidae, Pisces) During Social Behavior, Philip Gaddis

Dissertations and Theses

The extent to which individuals of Eigenmannia virescens modulate their electric organ discharge frequencies to accommodate the frequencies of others of the same species during social interactions was investigated. Recordings of the fish's discharge frequencies, taken with Tektronix 3L5 and 5L4N spectrum analyzers, showed that, although movements of up to 60 Hz in a day may be made, the frequency movements would be made more or less synchronously by all fish in the group. An apparent preference for, and a tendency of the fish to follow one another in frequency, at frequency ratios of 2:3 (a musical fifth), 3:4 (fourth), …