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2003

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The Influence Of Chop Location On Pork Loin Quality (2003), J W. Homm, R C. Johnson, John A. Unruh Jan 2003

The Influence Of Chop Location On Pork Loin Quality (2003), J W. Homm, R C. Johnson, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pork longissimus muscle quality characteristics were evaluated on 109 center cut boneless loins. After 21 d aging, loins were cut into 1-inch chops and allowed to bloom for 30 minutes before visual measurements (color, marbling and firmness) and instrumental color were recorded for each chop. Overall, visual color was the lightest on the anterior and posterior ends and was the darkest from approximately 50% to 80% of the length of the loin. Marbling was the highest at the posterior end, lowest in mid-loin, then higher toward the anterior end. Loins were the softest at the anterior end and became firmer …

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Effects Of Increasing Crystalline Amino Acids And The Subsequent Change In Diet Net Energy On Growing Pig Performance (2003), M U. Steidinger, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Effects Of Increasing Crystalline Amino Acids And The Subsequent Change In Diet Net Energy On Growing Pig Performance (2003), M U. Steidinger, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three individual trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of increasing the amount of crystalline amino acids (L-lysine, L threonine, and DL-methionine) as a replacement for soybean meal in the diet on pig growth performance. A second objective was to determine if increasing net energy (NE) concentration in the diet as a result of increased crystalline amino acids and less soybean meal would affect pig growth. In all three studies, pigs (each approximately 21 lb) were fed a cornsoybean meal diet, or diets with 2, 4, 6, or 8 lb/ton L-lysine HCl and other amino acids to maintain their proper …

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Effects Of Corn Source And Fat Level On Growth Performance Of Grow-Finish Pigs Reared In A Commercial Facility (2003), C W. Hastad, C L. Jones, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Effects Of Corn Source And Fat Level On Growth Performance Of Grow-Finish Pigs Reared In A Commercial Facility (2003), C W. Hastad, C L. Jones, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1,144 gilts (initially 110.4 lb, PIC) was used in a commercial research facility to evaluate the effects of corn source (NutriDenseâ„¢, BASF, or #2 Yellow Dent) and added fat (averaging 0, 3, and 6%) on pig performance and carcass traits. Energy levels were based such that the higher energy (assuming 5% greater ME than #2 yellow dent) in NutriDense corn (with or without added fat) was calculated to be equal to that provided by yellow dent corn and added fat. In each phase, the first treatment diet contained yellow dent corn and no added fat. In the …

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Factors Causing Livery Flavor In Beef Steaks From The Chuck And Loin (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler Jan 2003

Factors Causing Livery Flavor In Beef Steaks From The Chuck And Loin (2003), E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The infraspinatus muscle (top blade) from the chuck clod, the gluteus medius muscle (top sirloin) from the sirloin, and the psoas major muscle (tenderloin) from the loin were obtained from 140 A- and B-maturity carcasses with either low-Slight or Small marbling and with either normal pH (5.7 or less) or high ultimate pH (6.0 or higher) to evaluate factors that could cause livery flavor in cooked beef. Muscles were aged for 7, 14, 21, or 35 days. A highly trained, flavor-profile sensory panel evaluated charbroiled steaks from these muscles. Approximately 8% of all sensory panelist judgments were scored to have …

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Interseeding Lespedeza Into Crabgrass Pasture Versus Additional Nitrogen Fertilization On Forage Production And Cattle Performance (2003), Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, F.K. Brazle, Gary L. Kilgore Jan 2003

Interseeding Lespedeza Into Crabgrass Pasture Versus Additional Nitrogen Fertilization On Forage Production And Cattle Performance (2003), Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, F.K. Brazle, Gary L. Kilgore

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 160 steers grazed "˜Red River' crabgrass pastures that were either fertilized with additional nitrogen (N) or interseeded with lespedeza during the summers of 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001. Wheat was also grazed in 1999, 2000, and 2001 prior to crabgrass emergence. Legume cover, forage dry matter production, grazing steer performance, and subsequent feedlot performance were measured. Available forage dry matter and grazing steer performance were similar between pastures of crabgrass fertilized with additional N and those interseeded with lespedeza in 1998, 1999, and 2000. In 1999, finishing feed intake, finishing gain and ribeye area were higher (P0.05) …

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Influence Of Low-Level Fall Protein Supplementation On Forage Intake, Diet Digestion, And Selection By Beef Steers Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range (2003), Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Marston, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham Jan 2003

Influence Of Low-Level Fall Protein Supplementation On Forage Intake, Diet Digestion, And Selection By Beef Steers Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range (2003), Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Marston, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study evaluated the effect on forage utilization of providing a limited quantity of a high-protein (40% crude protein) supplement to beef cattle grazing tallgrass prairie during the fall. Sixteen ruminally fistulated beef steers were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (fall supplementation or no fall supplementation), which were evaluated for their effect on forage intake and digestion during September and November. Within each treatment, four steers were used for measuring diet selection (by ruminal evacuation) and four were used for determining diet digestion (by total fecal collection). Data from both groups were used to calculate forage intake. Steers …

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K-State Turfgrass Research 2003, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service Jan 2003

K-State Turfgrass Research 2003, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Turfgrass Research 2003 contains results of projects done by K-State faculty and graduate students. Some of these results will be presented at the Kansas Turfgrass Field Day at the John C. Pair Horticultural Research Center in Wichita on August 7, 2003. Despite current budget restraints, the turfgrass teaching, research, and extension programs are strong. In addition to ongoing work in Manhattan and Wichita, turf research has been initiated at the new research center in Olathe and will be expanding in the coming years. Our strength is attributed, in part, to the support provided by members of the Kansas turfgrass industry.If …

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Effects Of Supplemental Protein Removal On Total And Acid-Resistant E. Coli, Total Coliforms, And Performance In Finishing Steers (2003), M.A. Greenquist, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus Jan 2003

Effects Of Supplemental Protein Removal On Total And Acid-Resistant E. Coli, Total Coliforms, And Performance In Finishing Steers (2003), M.A. Greenquist, C.M. Gordon, J.J. Sindt, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fifty-four crossbred finishing steers were used to measure the effects of reducing supplemental protein (nitrogen) on feedlot performance and fecal shedding of acid-resistant Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. A control diet (15.0% crude protein; high protein) was compared to a low protein diet (8.9% crude protein; low protein) from which supplemental nitrogen sources (urea and soybean meal) were removed for the last 8 days of the feeding period. Fecal E. coli and coliform populations were measured prior to harvest. Removal of supplemental nitrogen from feedlot cattle diets did not substantially reduce populations of acid-resistant fecal E. coli and coliforms. …

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Effects Of Bioplus 2b And Levucell Sb On Weanling Pig Growth Performance And Fecal Shedding In Response To Oral Challenge With Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium (2003), M R. Barker, Jerome C. Nietfeld, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Effects Of Bioplus 2b And Levucell Sb On Weanling Pig Growth Performance And Fecal Shedding In Response To Oral Challenge With Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium (2003), M R. Barker, Jerome C. Nietfeld, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty-five pigs (initially 12.9 lb and 15 ±1 d of age) were used in two 28-d trials to determine the effects of the probiotics BioPlus 2B (a bacillus-based product from Chr. Hansen BioSystems), a source of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, and Levucell SB (an active dry yeast product from Lallemand Animal Nutrition), a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) product that is a source of mannanoligosaccharides on growth and performance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium shedding in a young growing pig model. Pigs were fed one of five dietary treatments: 1) A control diet containing no probiotics or antibiotics; 2) the control …

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Estimating The Impact Of Animal Health And Death Loss On Economic Performance Of Feedlot Cattle (2003), M. Irsik, Michael R. Langemeier Jan 2003

Estimating The Impact Of Animal Health And Death Loss On Economic Performance Of Feedlot Cattle (2003), M. Irsik, Michael R. Langemeier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study examined the impacts of animal health and death loss on the economic performance of feedlot cattle. Using data from two feedlots in western Kansas, the impact of animal health on economic performance was quantified. Death loss and the percentage of animals treated significantly impacted feed conversion, average daily gain, and cost of gain. Feed conversion for a pen of cattle was found to increase by 0.27 lb feed/lb gain and daily gain decreased by 0.08 lb/day for each percentage point increase in death loss. An increase in death loss from 1% to 2% increased cost of gain by …

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Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady Jan 2003

Effect Of Information And Information Source On Consumer Preference For Food Irradiation, John A. Fox, Michael A. Boland, W. Grady

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effect of consumer information about food irradiation and the source of the information was studied through a survey mailed to 400 residents each of Manhattan and Topeka, Kansas. Two-thirds of the surveys contained a brochure providing answers to frequently asked questions about irradiation, one-third did not. Half of the informational brochures were altered to suggest they were from industry, half from the government. The survey questioned consumer choice between irradiated and non-irradiated ground beef patties, with price differentials from 10 cents/lb to 40 cents/lb costlier for irradiated patties. A greater price differential resulted in less preference for irradiated beef …

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Influence Of Carnichrome® On Energy Balance Of Gestating Sows (2003), M G. Young, J Noblet, F X. Aherne, Milgen J. Van, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Influence Of Carnichrome® On Energy Balance Of Gestating Sows (2003), M G. Young, J Noblet, F X. Aherne, Milgen J. Van, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve multiparous sows were utilized in a randomized complete block design to determine the effects of feeding diets with or without Carnichrome® (50 ppm carnitine and 200 ppb chromium picolonate) on the components of heat production (HP) in early, mid and late gestation. All sows were fed dietary treatments for the 28 d lactation, and the subsequent weaning to estrus and gestation periods. The kinetics of HP and its partitioning (basal or resting HP, activity HP, and short term thermic effect of feeding (TEFst)) were determined during three stages of gestation, early (weeks 5 or 6), mid (weeks 9 or …

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Effects Of A Prebiotic, Inulin, And A Direct Fed Microbial On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), N Z. Frantz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Effects Of A Prebiotic, Inulin, And A Direct Fed Microbial On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (2003), N Z. Frantz, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 32-day growth study with a total of 252 weanling pigs (18 ± 3 d of age) was conducted to evaluate the effects of a prebiotic, Inulin (a fructooligosaccharide derivative of chicory), and a direct fed microbial (Lactobacillus strain) in diets for weanling pigs. Pigs were fed one of six experimental diets containing: 1) no antibiotic or prebiotic (negative control); 2) carbadox (50 g/ton, positive control); 3) direct fed microbial (DFM, 0.1%); 4) Inulin (0.5% and 0.2% of phase I and phase II diets, respectively); 5) carbadox plus DFM; or 6) carbadox plus Inulin. Pigs fed carbadox improved (P<0.04) ADG from d 0 to 14, 14 to 32, and overall (0 to 32) compared to pigs fed diets without carbadox. Pigs fed diets containing carbadox increased (P<0.01) ADFI from d 0 to 14 and tended to have increased (P<0.06) ADFI overall compared to pigs fed diets without carbadox. No differences in ADG or ADFI were seen for pigs fed diets containing either Inulin or the DFM compared to pigs fed diets without Inulin or DFM. Pigs fed the DFM had poorer feed efficiency d 0 to 14 (P<0.03), 14 to 32 (P<0.01), and overall (P<0.01) compared to those fed diets without DFM. Also, there was a trend for pigs fed diets containing Inulin to have poorer feed efficiency (P<0.07) from d 14 to 32 and overall when compared to pigs fed diets without Inulin. There were no additive responses for ADG or ADFI when Inulin or DFM were combined with carbadox. Pigs fed diets containing both the DFM and carbadox resulted in poorer feed efficiency (P<0.02) from d 14 to 32 and overall (0 to 32) than pigs fed diets without carbadox or DFM. Pigs fed the diet containing Inulin and carbadox had poorer feed efficiency from d 0 to 14 (P<0.04) compared to pigs fed diets without carbadox or Inulin. In summary, nursery diets containing either Inulin or the DFM did not enhance growth performance; however, carbadox improved ADG and ADFI.; Swine Day, 2003, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2003

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Effects Of L-Carnitine On Fetal Growth And The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System In Pigs (2003), A T. Waylan, B J. Johnson, J P. Kayser, D P. Gnad, J D. Dunn, E K. Sissom, James J. Higgins, J C. Woodworth Jan 2003

Effects Of L-Carnitine On Fetal Growth And The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System In Pigs (2003), A T. Waylan, B J. Johnson, J P. Kayser, D P. Gnad, J D. Dunn, E K. Sissom, James J. Higgins, J C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve sows were used to examine the effects of feeding L-carnitine from artificial insemination to mid-gestation on maternal circulating IGF-I and carnitine concentrations and fetal growth. Supplementing L-carnitine did not influence the serum concentration of IGF-I. However, sows that were fed carnitine had increased circulating plasma free carnitine. Litters from sows fed L-carnitine were heavier and had more fetuses. The increase in litter fetus number was not detrimental to other growth traits such as individual fetal weight or crown to rump length. Our study suggests that feeding L-carnitine to gestating sows is beneficial for fetal growth and development.; Swine Day, …

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Corn Particle Size And Pelleting Influence On Growth Performance, Fecal Shedding, And Lymph Node Infection Rates Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium (2003), M R. Barker, J Ernest Minton, Joel M. Derouchey, K M. Bond, D J. Lee, T E. Burkey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Corn Particle Size And Pelleting Influence On Growth Performance, Fecal Shedding, And Lymph Node Infection Rates Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium (2003), M R. Barker, J Ernest Minton, Joel M. Derouchey, K M. Bond, D J. Lee, T E. Burkey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety-six pigs (initially 13.8 lb.) were used in a 28-d trial to determine the interactive effects between pelleting and particle size on Salmonella serovar Typhimurium shedding and colonization in a young growing pig model. The experiment was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of meal or pelleted diets with fine or coarse ground corn. Pigs were fed the diets 1 wk pre-salmonella inoculation and allotted based on weight to one of four dietary treatments. For the main effect of particle size, pigs fed finer ground corn had significantly improved feed efficiency (P0.82). There was no difference in salmonella infection …

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Use Of Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles For Swine Diets (2003), C W. Hastad, C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, N A. Lenehan, T P. Keegan, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2003

Use Of Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles For Swine Diets (2003), C W. Hastad, C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, N A. Lenehan, T P. Keegan, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A large increase in the number of ethanol plants has lead to increased availability of dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS). New plants also have improved processing techniques, which makes DDGS more attractive to use in swine diets. Two experiments were conducted to determine the energy value of DDGS. In Experiment 1, 360 pigs (each initially 38.5 lb) were used in a 22 d growth assay. Treatments consisted of five corn-soybean meal-based diets with added wheat bran or soy oil to provide five different energy densities ranging from 1,390 to 1,604 Kcal/lb ME. The objective was to use responses to …

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Particle Size Of Corn In Lactation Diets For Mixed-Parity Sows (2003), E C. Baudon, Joe D. Hancock, Michael D. Tokach Jan 2003

Particle Size Of Corn In Lactation Diets For Mixed-Parity Sows (2003), E C. Baudon, Joe D. Hancock, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 107 mixed-parity sows (parities one to four) was used to determine the effects of particle size of corn in lactation diets on sow and litter performance. The sows were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with targeted corn particle sizes of 1,500, 900, and 600 μm (actual means particle sizes of corn during the experiment were 1,600, 824 and 619 μm). Reducing mean particle size of the corn in lactation diets from 1,500 to 600 microns resulted in greater ADFI and water usage (linear effects, P<0.02), fewer days for return to estrus after weaning (linear effect, P<0.04), and less backfat loss (quadratic effect, P<0.03) for the sows. Although the trends in pigs weaned per litter, piglet survivability, litter weaning weight, and litter weight gain were in the same direction as those for feed intake and water usage in the sows, the difference in measurements of litter performance was not statistically important among treatments (P = 0.15 or greater). Intakes of DM, N, and GE by the sows were increased by 9, 4, and 7% and apparent digestibilities of DM, N, and GE were increased by 6, 5, and 7%, respectively, as particle size of corn was decreased from 1,500 to 600 μm (linear effects, P<0.001). Finally, excretion of DM and N in the feces was decreased (linear effect, P<0.002) by 178 g/d and 5 g/d, respectively, as particle size of the corn on the sow diets was reduced. In conclusion, reducing particle size of corn did not affect litter performance but increased feed intake and digestibility of nutrients and reduced nutrient excretion in sows.; Swine Day, 2003, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2003

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Estimates Of Parameters Between Direct And Maternal Genetic Effects For Weaning Weight And Genetic Effects For Carcass Traits In Crossbred Cattle (2003), R.K. Splan, L.V. Cundiff, L.D. Van Vleck, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2003

Estimates Of Parameters Between Direct And Maternal Genetic Effects For Weaning Weight And Genetic Effects For Carcass Traits In Crossbred Cattle (2003), R.K. Splan, L.V. Cundiff, L.D. Van Vleck, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations were obtained from weaning weight records of 23,681 crossbred steers and heifers, and carcass data of 4,094 crossbred steers using REML applied to animal models. Direct and maternal heritabilities for weaning weight were 0.14 and 0.19, respectively. The genetic correlation between direct and maternal weaning weight was negative (-0.18). Heritabilities for carcass traits of steers were moderate to large (0.34 to 0.60). Genetic correlations between direct genetic effects for weaning weight and carcass traits were small, except with hot carcass weight (0.70), ribeye area (0.29) and adjusted fat thickness (0.26). Genetic correlations of maternal …

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Evaluation Of Mechanical Probes Used On Uncooked Steaks To Classify Beef Longissimus Tenderness (2003), J.W. Stephens, Melvin C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, T.M. Loughin, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2003

Evaluation Of Mechanical Probes Used On Uncooked Steaks To Classify Beef Longissimus Tenderness (2003), J.W. Stephens, Melvin C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, T.M. Loughin, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We pooled the mechanical probe data from two experiments to develop regression equations to predict beef longissimus tenderness. Fifty-three USDA Select strip loins were evaluated at 2 days postmortem with three mechanical probes to predict trained sensory panel (TSP) tenderness and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of cooked steaks aged 14 days. The sharp needle, sharp blade, and plumb bob probes were correlated to TSP tenderness (r=-0.51, -0.45, and -0.35, respectively)and WBSF (r=0.56, 0.53, and 0.36, respectively). Regression equations developed from sharp needle, sharp blade, and plumb bob probe measurements and L* (lightness) values accounted for 49, 50, and 47% of …

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Effect Of Supplemental Carbohydrate Type And Amount Of Ruminally Degradable Protein On Utilization Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers (2003), J.I. Arroguy, R.C. Cochran, M. Villarreal, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn, D.E. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2003

Effect Of Supplemental Carbohydrate Type And Amount Of Ruminally Degradable Protein On Utilization Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers (2003), J.I. Arroguy, R.C. Cochran, M. Villarreal, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn, D.E. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This experiment determined the impact of type of supplemental carbohydrate and amount of supplemental ruminally degradable protein (RDP) on intake and digestion of prairie hay. Fourteen ruminally fistulated beef steers were supplemented with one of two carbohydrates (corn starch or the simple sugar glucose) at 0.30% of body weight and one of seven levels of ruminally degradable protein (RDP; 0, 0.015, 0.051, 0.087, 0.123, 0.159, or 0.195% of body weight). Two additional steers served as controls (non-supplemented steers, i.e., no carbohydrate or RDP supplementation). Forage intake and digestion were substantially improved by increasing amounts of supplemental RDP. Supplemental carbohydrate with …

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Effect Of Soaking And Misting On Respiration Rate, Body Surface Temperature, And Body Temperature Of Heat Stressed Dairy Cattle (2003), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, A.K. Hammond, W.F. Miller Jan 2003

Effect Of Soaking And Misting On Respiration Rate, Body Surface Temperature, And Body Temperature Of Heat Stressed Dairy Cattle (2003), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, A.K. Hammond, W.F. Miller

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Reducing heat stress is a key issue for dairy producers. Use of feedline soaking and supplemental airflow effectively reduces heat stress and increases milk production and profitability. High-pressure misting allows water to evaporate in the air, reduces air temperature, and increases relative humidity. Misting also soaks the skin of cattle, resulting in additional cooling as water evaporates from skin surfaces, similar to the cooling effect of feedline soaking. Impact of soaking frequency (5-, 10-, or 15-minute intervals) was compared to continuous high-pressure misting. Cows cooled with either system had lower respiration rates, body surface temperatures, and internal body temperatures than …

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Cow Comfort Through The Transition Period (2003), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, Michael J. Brouk Jan 2003

Cow Comfort Through The Transition Period (2003), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, Michael J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Managing transition cows is a significant problem on dairy farms. The issues include nutritional considerations, stocking rates, metabolic disorders, heat stress, and access to feed and water. Often management of transition cows is limited to nutritional considerations. Facilities, grouping strategies, stocking rates, heat stress, and access to feed and water also have a dramatic impact on milk production, herd health, culling rates, and reproductive efficiency. Often nutritional benefits can be negated by not managing cow comfort issues. Producers can improve profitability by managing those variables.; Dairy Day, 2003, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2003;

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Clinical Mastitis Perceptions Of Kansas Dairy Producers (2003), J.R. Roberson Jan 2003

Clinical Mastitis Perceptions Of Kansas Dairy Producers (2003), J.R. Roberson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Mastitis is considered the most costly disease in the U.S. dairy industry. Treatment of clinical mastitis is the major reason for antibiotic contamination of products on U.S. dairy farms. A survey of 183 dairy producers was conducted to determine their perceptions regarding clinical mastitis treatments and what constituted their treatment regimens. Results indicated that 33% of dairy producers used a coliform vaccine, 10% used a Staphylococcus aureus vaccine, and 38% did no prestripping before milking cows. Obtaining a clinical cure (restoration of normal milk) was considered the most important aspect of mastitis treatment success (110/183; 60%) compared to bacteriological cure …

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Increasing Milking Frequency In Fresh Cows: Milk Characteristics And Reproductive Performance (2003), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, John E. Shirley Jan 2003

Increasing Milking Frequency In Fresh Cows: Milk Characteristics And Reproductive Performance (2003), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, John E. Shirley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Increased milking frequency during partial or whole lactations increases milk yields, but generally reduces percentages of milk fat and protein. Because of greater milk volume, total fat and protein are not reduced. Combining bovine somatotropin (bST) with increased milking frequency is additive. In other words, milk increases in response to both factors. In some studies, increased milking frequency during early lactation improves udder health, as evidenced by reduced somatic cell scores. Reproductive efficiency generally declines when examined on whole herd basis. When examined in single herds with or without bST, pregnancy rates may not be reduced because of increased milking …

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Variations In The Ovsynch Protocol Alter Pregnancy Rates In Lactating Dairy Cows (2003), M.A. Portaluppi, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 2003

Variations In The Ovsynch Protocol Alter Pregnancy Rates In Lactating Dairy Cows (2003), M.A. Portaluppi, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Initiation of the Ovsynch protocol at random stages of the estrous cycle produces differences in synchronization and pregnancy rates. Use of two injections of PGF2αadministered 14 days apart, with the second injection given 12 days before initiating the Ovsynch protocol increased the percentage of cows that start the Ovsynch protocol at a more desirable stage of the estrous cycle (e.g., between days 5 and 13). In this experiment, after applying the Presynch-Ovsynch protocol, timing of the second injection of GnRH and insemination were altered to determine their effect on pregnancy rates. Cows that received the second GnRH injection at the …

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2003 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service Jan 2003

2003 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Relative Value Of Ruminally Degradable And Undegradable Protein On The Utilization Of Low-Quality Prairie Hay By Steers (2003), T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, C.G. Farmer, E.A. Klevesahl, J.I. Arroquy, D.E. Johnson, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2003

Relative Value Of Ruminally Degradable And Undegradable Protein On The Utilization Of Low-Quality Prairie Hay By Steers (2003), T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, C.G. Farmer, E.A. Klevesahl, J.I. Arroquy, D.E. Johnson, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment was performed to investigate the impact of providing six levels of ruminally degradable protein (RDP; protein that is available to ruminal microbes) in combination with two levels of ruminally undegradable protein (RUP; protein that is not available to the ruminal microbes, but can be digested directly by cattle) on the intake and digestion of low-quality prairie hay. Twelve steers were provided unlimited access to low-quality prairie hay (5.3% crude protein and 71.7% neutral detergent fiber) throughout the trial. To simulate dietary RUP, casein was infused abomasally once daily at either 0 or 0.087% of body weight. To simulate …

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Effects Of Castration Age And A Growth Implant During Suckling On Weaning And Preconditioned Weights (2003), T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, J.W. Homm, Larry C. Hollis Jan 2003

Effects Of Castration Age And A Growth Implant During Suckling On Weaning And Preconditioned Weights (2003), T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, J.W. Homm, Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Crossbred Angus calves (n=141) were used to determine the effect of castration age and implant on weaning and preconditioned weights. Calf treatments consisted of: early castration at 90 days of age with no growth implant, early castration with a growth implant (Synovex C) at 90 days of age, or late castration at weaning (226 days of age). All calves completed a preconditioning program that consisted of timely vaccinations (21 days prior and at weaning) and a 28-day, post-weaning feeding period. Steers that were early castrated/implanted had weaning weights similar to those of bull calves, and both groups weighed 15 lb …

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Improper Dosing Using Average Cattle Weights (2003), M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, Larry C. Hollis, Dale A. Blasi Jan 2003

Improper Dosing Using Average Cattle Weights (2003), M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, Larry C. Hollis, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A retrospective analysis of 6,231 head of stocker and feeder cattle comprising 24 separate lots was conducted to evaluate the extent and degree of improper dosing that would have occurred in individual animals if all animals in each lot were treated with a single dosage level of a pharmaceutical product based upon the average weight of the lot. Nine hundred forty-six head would have been overdosed by 10% or more, while 831 head would have been underdosed by 10% or more. Four hundred thirty-eight head would have been overdosed by 15% or more, while 366 head would have been underdosed …

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Heritability And Correlation Estimates Of Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Marbling Score From Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, And Simmental-Sired Cattle (2003), J.A. Minick, E.J. Pollak, D.E. Wilson, E.W. Dressler, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2003

Heritability And Correlation Estimates Of Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Marbling Score From Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, And Simmental-Sired Cattle (2003), J.A. Minick, E.J. Pollak, D.E. Wilson, E.W. Dressler, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for Warner- Bratzler shear force and marbling score of longissimus steaks from Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, and Simmental-sired cattle in the National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA) coordinated Carcass Merit Traits Project funded with Beef Checkoff dollars. There were 700 Angus-sired steers, 691 Charolais-sired steers and heifers, 938 Hereford-sired steers, and 1,167 Simmental-sired steers and heifers in the study. Restricted maximum likelihood estimates of the genetic parameters were determined using a sire model with a sire/maternal grandsire relationship matrix. The heritabilities for Warner-Bratzler shear force and marbling score, respectively, were …

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