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Soybean Aphid Biotype 4 Resistance In Soja And Soybean Plant Introductions, Sophia R. Conzemius
Soybean Aphid Biotype 4 Resistance In Soja And Soybean Plant Introductions, Sophia R. Conzemius
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a major pest to soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. Host plant resistance is a management tactic that uses naturally occurring soybean plant defenses to limit soybean aphid pest damage. Virulent soybean aphid biotypes are able to successfully colonize on certain aphid resistant soybean. Soybean aphid biotype 4 is most virulent, overcoming all commercially available soybean aphid resistant soybeans (Rag1, Rag2, and Rag1+Rag2). Additional sources of resistance to avirulent biotypes have been identified in soja and soybean plant introductions (PIs). This study examined those resistant soja and soybean for resistance to the newly found soybean …
Trunk Stability And Postural Stability In People With Multiple Sclerosis, Derek Tolbert
Trunk Stability And Postural Stability In People With Multiple Sclerosis, Derek Tolbert
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Multiple Sclerosis is a neurological disease which affects an estimated 2.5million people worldwide. People with Multiple Sclerosis often experience high rates of falls, which have been associated with age, disability, and increased postural sway. Additionally, people with Multiple Sclerosis often exhibit muscular weakness and poor responses to perturbations. PURPOSE: To determine if trunk stability and postural control are altered among PwMS and if trunk muscle activity is correlated with postural stability. METHODS: Ten participants with a physician's diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (9 female, 1 male) were included in this study. Ten healthy controls were matched for age, height, weight, and …
Food Availability, Including Traditional Foods, In Grocery And Convenience Stores In 6 High Obese Counties In South Dakota, Including Native American Reservations, Francesca Willard
Food Availability, Including Traditional Foods, In Grocery And Convenience Stores In 6 High Obese Counties In South Dakota, Including Native American Reservations, Francesca Willard
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Native American populations are disproportionately affected by obesity and its associated chronic diseases. Rural areas are also disproportionately affected by obesity and face significant challenges related to their food environment, food security, and food availability. The combination of these barriers make it challenging for rural, NA reservations to combat these health disparities and have opportunities to make healthy food choices. The lack of access to healthy and traditional foods in these areas is of great concern. The purpose of this study is to determine the food availability, including traditional foods, in grocery and convenience stores in six high obese counties …
Pilot Study: Knowledge And Attitudes Regarding Sport-Related Concussion In A Rural Interscholastic Sport Sample, Austin Westland
Pilot Study: Knowledge And Attitudes Regarding Sport-Related Concussion In A Rural Interscholastic Sport Sample, Austin Westland
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Context: Evidence supports education initiatives to improve knowledge of sport-related concussion (SRC) in active children and adolescents, as well as improve attitudes towards reporting concussion events to a supervising adult with the ultimate goal of early diagnosis and management. Most evidence focuses on urban and suburban children’s SRC knowledge and attitudes; however, little is known regarding knowledge and attitudes of children participating in sport in rural environments. Understanding current knowledge and attitudes of rural children can inform future education and health behavior strategies that encourage early reporting. Objective: Two objectives guided this study. First, obtain and analyze pilot data regarding …
Exploring The Relationship Between Quality Of Written School Wellness Policy And The Degree Of Wellness Policy Implementation In Elementary Schools, Josie Sieberg
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: To date many studies have evaluated the quality of written school wellness policies (SWPs), however, few have addresses SWP implementation. As SWPs have the potential to reduce childhood obesity, it is crucial for schools to not only write high quality SWPs, but also to implement these policy items. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the quality of written SWPs and the degree of SWP implementation. We hypothesized that schools with higher quality written SWPs would have a higher degree of policy implementation. Methods: School wellness policy written quality and implementation were assessed in …
Daily Pork Consumption As A Part Of The Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension Diet Influences Body Composition And Preserves Muscle Mass In Older Adults Consuming Controlled Intakes, Alyssa Anne Kauffman
Daily Pork Consumption As A Part Of The Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension Diet Influences Body Composition And Preserves Muscle Mass In Older Adults Consuming Controlled Intakes, Alyssa Anne Kauffman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that muscular fitness is preserved in older adults who consumed pork daily as a part of the DASH dietary pattern. A controlled feeding pilot study was used to test this. Eight healthy older men and women were randomly assigned to consume either 3 ounces or 6 ounces of pork daily as a part of the DASH diet for a total of 12 weeks. Indicators of muscle mass, strength, and function were assessed at five time points (weeks 0, 3, 6, 9, 12) throughout the 12 weeks. A seven day cyclical …
Serological Evidence For The Co-Circulation Of Two Lineages Of Influenza D Virus In Equine Populations Of The Midwest United States, Hunter Theodore Nedland
Serological Evidence For The Co-Circulation Of Two Lineages Of Influenza D Virus In Equine Populations Of The Midwest United States, Hunter Theodore Nedland
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Influenza D virus (IDV) is a newly described lineage of the Orthomyxoviridae virus family that was first isolated from diseased swine in 2011 and has subsequently been detected in cattle around the world in 2014. In addition, serological evidence for IDV infection in humans has been recently established. Despite all the progress, the full range of susceptible hosts for this novel virus has yet to be determined, but includes swine, bovine, small ruminants and human. This study was designed to determine if equine is a possible host to this newly emerging influenza virus. 364 equine serum samples were collected in …
Effects Of Large-Scale Density Reduction On Brown Trout Growth And Movement In Spearfish Creek, South Dakota, Travis Rehm
Effects Of Large-Scale Density Reduction On Brown Trout Growth And Movement In Spearfish Creek, South Dakota, Travis Rehm
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Density-dependent growth is often observed in stream-dwelling Brown Trout Salmo trutta populations. In Spearfish Creek, South Dakota, biomass of adult Brown Trout (>200 mm) is about three times greater than that reported for similar Black Hills streams while mean length of adult fish is about 30% less. Here, we evaluate large-scale density reduction as a management tool for improving growth rate of stream-dwelling Brown Trout. We compared age-specific growth of wild Brown Trout in stream sections receiving 50% reductions in fish abundance. We also assessed the effect of fish density manipulation on Brown Trout movement patterns and home range …
Role Of Bovine Ileal Sub-Epithelial Myofibroblasts And Epithelial Cells In Innate Immunity, Tirth Uprety
Role Of Bovine Ileal Sub-Epithelial Myofibroblasts And Epithelial Cells In Innate Immunity, Tirth Uprety
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Gastro-intestinal (GI) tract harbors largest number of microbiota as well as the largest number of immune cells for a given tissue. The host needs to mount an effective immune response against invading pathogens and tolerance against commensals. Thus, regulatory mechanism and barrier function of the GI tract are of utmost importance for appropriate host microbe interaction and gut homeostasis. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) act as the first line of defense against invading pathogens. IECs recognize pathogens and commensals and mount an effective innate immune response. Such recognition of pathogens is mediated through germ line encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Intestinal …
Comparison Of Retaining Replacement Heifers In A Straight-Bred Angus System Versus Purchasing Crossbred Replacement Heifers To Be Bred To A Terminal Sire, Grady D. Ruble
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Two evaluations were conducted to evaluate the biological and economic production efficiency of retaining replacement females in a straight-bred Angus herd (HR) as opposed to purchasing crossbred replacements for a terminal sire production system (PR) where maximum maternal and individual heterosis is achieved. The first study was a comparison of the HR system versus PR system. It was modeled after a 100 hd, straightbred Angus cowherd that raises their own replacement females. The (NASEM, 2016) model was used to determine the required metabolizable energy (ME)/animal for each stage of production. Stages were broken into segments including weaning – d 28, …
Engineering Of Two-Color Atp-Binding Cassette Biosensor Proteins For Discovery Of Novel Substrates And Modulators, Bremansu Osa-Andrews
Engineering Of Two-Color Atp-Binding Cassette Biosensor Proteins For Discovery Of Novel Substrates And Modulators, Bremansu Osa-Andrews
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins are a vast, ubiquitous superfamily of proteins most of which unlock the energy from ATP-binding and hydrolysis to influx or efflux a wide spectrum of structurally dissimilar substrates across cell membranes. All eukaryotic ABC transporters including P-gp and MRP1 only exist as efflux pumps whose prominent expression in cells is associated with multidrug resistance of antiretrovirals, antiepileptics, antimalarials and anticancer agents. P-gp and MRP1 reduce the bioavailability and efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs by actively pumping out these drugs, thereby, leading to poor clinical outcomes during chemotherapy. Due to their clinical importance, profiling of the interaction …
Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Soil Applied Nitrogen Fertilizers, Samuel Thies
Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Soil Applied Nitrogen Fertilizers, Samuel Thies
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Greenhouse gases (GHG) absorb and emit radiant energy in the thermal range. Their concentrations in the atmosphere are increasing and becoming an ever increasing issue as the Earth’s average temperature continues to rise. Agricultural practices, such as applying nitrogen fertilizer to increase crop yield can be a major source of GHG emissions and methods are needed to decrease these emissions. The measurements of GHG emissions have been difficult, expensive, and erratic. However, advancing technologies have increased the accuracy and confidence in measuring GHG emissions. The objectives of this study were to determine the 1) effects of different nitrogen fertilizer sources, …
Diversity Of Free – Living Nitrogen – Fixing Bacteria In Soil Of Sioux Prairie Of South Dakota, Nabilah Ali Alshibli
Diversity Of Free – Living Nitrogen – Fixing Bacteria In Soil Of Sioux Prairie Of South Dakota, Nabilah Ali Alshibli
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There are only two natural ways by which molecular nitrogen can be available to support life, either by free-living or by symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria. The best studied diazotrophs form symbiotic associations with plants, primarily legumes and certain tree species, but little is known about how non-leguminous plants such as grasses obtain nitrogen in their environment. Natural prairies have few legumes, thus have less symbiotic nitrogen fixer interaction. This indicates presence of free-living nitrogen (FLN) fixation activity towards the balance of the N cycle. The objective of this study was to characterize the culturable diversity of free-living diazotrophs in native …
Development Of Biclustering Techniques For Gene Expression Data Modeling And Mining, Juan Xie
Development Of Biclustering Techniques For Gene Expression Data Modeling And Mining, Juan Xie
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The next-generation sequencing technologies can generate large-scale biological data with higher resolution, better accuracy, and lower technical variation than the arraybased counterparts. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) can generate genome-scale gene expression data in biological samples at a given moment, facilitating a better understanding of cell functions at genetic and cellular levels. The abundance of gene expression datasets provides an opportunity to identify genes with similar expression patterns across multiple conditions, i.e., co-expression gene modules (CEMs). Genomescale identification of CEMs can be modeled and solved by biclustering, a twodimensional data mining technique that allows clustering of rows and columns in a gene …
Genetic Component Effects Of Two Loci On Seed Dormancy, Awn, Low-Temperature Germination, Plant Height, And Flowering Time In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.), Ugur Korkmaz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Seed dormancy (SD) is an adaptive trait of both ecological and agricultural importance. Cereal crops have been selected for reduced SD to promote germination, which also caused the pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) problem in crop production. The previous research identified a set of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SD, including qSD1- 2 and qSD8, in the conspecific weedy and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa). qSD1-2 carries a dormancy-enhancing allele from the cultivated rice and has a pleiotropic effect on plant height. qSD8 carries a dormancy-enhancing allele from the weedy rice and tightly links to qAL8 for awn length. The …
Can Solvent-Or Mechanically-Extracted Carinata Meal Be Used As An Effective Source Of Supplemental Protein To Cows Fed Poor Quality Forages?, Emily Jacklyn Rosenthal
Can Solvent-Or Mechanically-Extracted Carinata Meal Be Used As An Effective Source Of Supplemental Protein To Cows Fed Poor Quality Forages?, Emily Jacklyn Rosenthal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Brassica carinata is an oilseed crop that requires a relatively short growing season and produces high crop yields. It is a great source for aviation biofuel, however it produces a large amount of waste that may be used as a protein supplement for cattle. We tested the effects of solvent- or mechanically-extracted carinata meal as a protein supplement to ad libitum ground or long-stem corn residue (i.e., corn plant left over from grain harvest) had on cow performance and digestibility. Fifty-six non-pregnant cows in 8 pens had ad libitum access to either long-stem or ground corn residue in addition to …
Soybean Iron Deficiency Chlorosis: Quantitative Trait Locus Validation And Grain Yield Evaluation, Ahmed Charif
Soybean Iron Deficiency Chlorosis: Quantitative Trait Locus Validation And Grain Yield Evaluation, Ahmed Charif
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Soybean production in most of the Northern Great Plain area has been challenged by iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC), which is a physiological problem with a plant grown in high pH, calcareous soil. Developing IDC-resistant cultivars is the best approach to meet this challenge. Currently, this approach is limited by lack of knowledge about genetic resources and mechanisms for resistance to IDC. The objectives of this research were to validate quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with IDC and to evaluate the effect of IDC on yield in soybean cultivars. To validate the QTL, a population of 201 recombinant inbred lines, which …
Efficacy Of Seed Treatments, Microbial And Biochemical Pesticides For Managing Early Tan Spot And Stripe Rust Diseases Of Wheat, Collins Bugingo
Efficacy Of Seed Treatments, Microbial And Biochemical Pesticides For Managing Early Tan Spot And Stripe Rust Diseases Of Wheat, Collins Bugingo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Wheat is a major cereal crop in the U.S.A and in the world. However, its production is hampered by a number of factors both biotic and abiotic. Foliar diseases like tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, are economically important diseases causing over 5-55 % yield loss. To assess the efficacy of fungicide seed treatments in the management of early tan spot, two hard red spring wheat cultivars “Select” and “Brick” were treated with seedapplied commercially available combo fungicides metalaxyl + pyraclostrobin + triticonazole and difenoconazole + mefenoxam + sedaxane …
The Contributions Of Fc Gamma Receptors And Macropinocytosis To The Internalization, Sorting And Clearance Of Antibody Coated Nanovesicles In Macrophages, George Opoku-Kusi Jr.
The Contributions Of Fc Gamma Receptors And Macropinocytosis To The Internalization, Sorting And Clearance Of Antibody Coated Nanovesicles In Macrophages, George Opoku-Kusi Jr.
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Macrophages are tissue-resident phagocytes that play critical roles in immune response and tissue homeostasis. They have a tremendous capacity to internalize objects of various sizes ranging from nanoscale viral particles to micron sized bacteria and tumor cells. This phenomenon, termed phagocytosis for the uptake of large particles, or endocytosis for the uptake of small particles, is integral to the immune response in multicellular organisms. Macrophages express FcγRs, which are tyrosine kinase receptors that bind IgG on an opsonized target. Binding of IgG Fc domain to the extracellular domain of an FcγR triggers signaling cascades that coordinate internalization of the opsonized …